| 单词 | evidence |
| 释义 | evidence (once / 62 pages) nv Evidence is anything that can be used to prove something — like the evidence presented in a trial, or the trail of bread crumbs that is evidence of the path Hansel took through the woods. The word evidence is derived from the Latin ēvidēnt-, meaning "obvious." The word evidence shows up frequently in legal documents and dramas, because evidence is necessary proof in linking someone to a crime or crime scene. Evidence is used in many ways to show that something is true, as in "your enormous belly and blue 'Baby on board' T-shirt are evidence that you're due to give birth any day." WORD FAMILYevidence: evidenced, evidences, evidencing, evidential, evidentiary+/evident: evidence, evidenter, evidently, self-evident/evidential: evidentially/self-evident: self-evidently USAGE EXAMPLESProsecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn't allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before. Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017) “The findings of the probe form grounds of evidence to justify the interrogation of the prime minister,” its statement said. Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017) It’s Cousins’ next-to-last pass — a defeat-clinching interception — that will be remembered and used as evidence against his case for a long-term contract. Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017) 1n your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling Syn|Hypo|Hyper grounds probable cause (law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure cogent evidence, proofany factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something disproof, falsification, refutationany evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something lead, track, trailevidence pointing to a possible solution symptom(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease sign(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease reductio, reductio ad absurdum(reduction to the absurd) a disproof by showing that the consequences of the proposition are absurd; or a proof of a proposition by showing that its negation leads to a contradiction check, confirmation, substantiation, verificationadditional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct establishment, validationthe cognitive process of establishing a valid proof confutationevidence that refutes conclusively counterexamplerefutation by example crepitation ralethe crackling sound heard on auscultation when patients with respiratory diseases inhale; associated with tuberculosis and pneumonia and congestive heart failure hypermenorrhea, menorrhagiaabnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged alkalinuria, alkaluriaa condition in which the urine (which is normally slightly acidic) is alkaline eosinopeniaa decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood haemoglobinemia, hemoglobinemiapresence of excessive hemoglobin in the blood plasma haemoptysis, hemoptysiscoughing up blood from the respiratory tract; usually indicates a severe infection of the bronchi or lungs hyperlipaemia, hyperlipemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoidaemia, hyperlipoidemia, lipaemia, lipemia, lipidaemia, lipidemia, lipoidaemia, lipoidemiapresence of excess lipids in the blood albuminuria, proteinuriathe presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine; usually a symptom of kidney disorder aminoaciduriaabnormal presence of amino acids in the urine; usually a symptom of metabolic defects ammoniuriaexcessive ammonia in the urine Jacquemier's signa purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the vagina that occurs early in pregnancy Kayser-Fleischer ringa pigmented ring at the outer edge of the cornea of the eye; a symptom of Wilson's disease keratomalaciasoftening and drying and ulceration of the cornea resulting from vitamin A deficiency; symptom of cystic fibrosis or sprue Kernig's signsymptom of meningitis; patient cannot extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings acetonemia, ketonemia, ketosisan abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood as in diabetes mellitus Koplik's spotssmall red spots with white centers found on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue; symptom of measles that appears one or two days before the measles rash appears glycosuriathe presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine lymphuriathe presence of lymph in the urine monocytosisincrease in the number of monocytes in the blood; symptom of monocytic leukemia thrombocytosisincrease in the number of platelets in the blood which tends to cause clots to form; associated with many neoplasms and chronic infections and other diseases ochronosisan accumulation of dark pigment in cartilage and other connective tissue; usually a symptom of alkaptonuria or phenol poisoning hypercalcaemia, hypercalcemiathe presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease hypocalcaemia, hypocalcemiaabnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency hypercalcinuria, hypercalciuriathe presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the urine; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis hypercholesteremia, hypercholesterolemiathe presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis hyperkalemiahigher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs hypokalemiaabnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities; associated with adrenal tumors or starvation or taking diuretics kaliuresis, kaluresisthe presence of excess potassium in the urine natriuresisthe presence of abnormally large amounts of sodium in the urine hypoproteinemiaabnormally low level of protein in the blood; can indicate inadequate diet or intestinal or renal disorders hypernatremiaexcessive amounts of sodium in the blood; possibly indicating diabetes insipidus hyponatremiaabnormally low level of sodium in the blood; associated with dehydration hypersplenismenlarged spleen and a decrease in one or more types of blood cells; associated with many disorders acetonuria, ketoaciduria, ketonuriaexcessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvation vital signsign of life; usually an indicator of a person's general physical condition amenia, amenorrhea, amenorrhoeaabsence or suppression of normal menstrual flow auraa sensation (as of a cold breeze or bright light) that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure chloasma, mask of pregnancy, melasmaa tan discoloration of a woman's face that is associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives clubbinga condition in which the ends of toes and fingers become wide and thick; a symptom of heart or lung disease cyanosisa bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning) diuresisincreased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus prodroma, prodromean early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur syndromea pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease effecta symptom caused by an illness or a drug abscesssymptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue purulence, purulencysymptom of being purulent (containing or forming pus) exophthalmosprotrusion of the eyeball from the socket festinationinvoluntary shortening of stride and quickening of gait that occurs in some diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease) furringa furlike coating of matter as on the tongue haematuria, hematuriathe presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease haemoglobinuria, hemoglobinuriapresence of hemoglobin in the urine haemosiderosis, hemosiderosisabnormal deposit of hemosiderin; often a symptom of thalassemia or hemochromatosis nebulacloudiness of the urine sneeze, sneezing, sternutationa symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose lump, puffiness, swellingan abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement buboa lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis palsya condition marked by uncontrollable tremor pyuriapresence of white blood cells in the urine; symptom of urinary tract infection hyperglycaemia, hyperglycemiaabnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes hypoglycaemia, hypoglycemiaabnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet icterus, jaundiceyellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia congestionexcessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part eruptionsymptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible numbnesspartial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction hurting, paina symptom of some physical hurt or disorder paraesthesia, paresthesiaabnormal skin sensations (as tingling or tickling or itching or burning) usually associated with peripheral nerve damage postnasal dripchronic secretion of mucus from the rear of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx cardiomegaly, enlarged heart, megacardia, megalocardiaan abnormal enlargement of the heart cardiac murmur, heart murmur, murmuran abnormal sound of the heart; sometimes a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves palpitationa rapid and irregular heart beat heartburn, pyrosisa painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder flush, hot flashsudden brief sensation of heat (associated with menopause and some mental disorders) dyspepsia, indigestion, stomach upset, upset stomacha disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea inflammation, redness, rubora response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat chill, shiveringa sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever ague, chills and feversuccessive stages of chills and fever that is a symptom of malaria cough, coughinga sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis hiccough, hiccup, singultus(usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion meningismsymptoms that mimic those of meningitis but without inflammation of the meninges nausea, sicknessthe state that precedes vomiting cramp, muscle spasm, spasma painful and involuntary muscular contraction cicatrice, cicatrix, scara mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue hardeningabnormal hardening or thickening of tissue floater, musca volitans, muscae volitantes, spotsspots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens febricity, febrility, fever, feverishness, pyrexiaa rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection atrophy, wasting, wasting awaya decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse apneatransient cessation of respiration dyspnea, dyspnoeadifficult or labored respiration constipation, irregularityirregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis diarrhea, diarrhoea, looseness, looseness of the bowelsfrequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigoa reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall anaemia, anemiaa lack of vitality wheezinesspresence of abnormal high-pitched sound heard with a stethoscope when an airway is blocked (as in asthma or chronic bronchitis) withdrawal symptomany physical or psychological disturbance (as sweating or depression) experienced by a drug addict when deprived of the drug hydrophobiaa symptom of rabies in humans consisting of an aversion to swallowing liquids areflexiaabsence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage myoglobinuriathe presence of myoglobin in the urine oliguriaabnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body eosinophiliaa symptom of allergic states; increased eosinophils in the blood rhinorrheapersistent watery mucus discharge from the nose (as in the common cold) steatorrheathe presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating; a symptom of disorders of fat metabolism and malabsorption syndrome stridora whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration); indicates obstruction of the trachea or larynx tinnitusa ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears; a symptom of an ear infection or Meniere's disease uratemiapresence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout uraturiapresence of abnormally large amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout uricaciduriapresence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout information knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction 2n an indication that makes something evident his trembling was evidence of his fear Exp|Hypo|Hyper Domesday Book record of a British census and land survey in 1085-1086 ordered by William the Conqueror Combined DNA Index Systemthe DNA file maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation Parallel Livesa collection of biographies of famous pairs of Greeks and Romans written by Plutarch; used by Shakespeare in writing some of his plays smoking gun indisputable evidence (especially of a crime) clew, clue, cueevidence that helps to solve a problem footprint evidenceevidence in the form of footprints recordanything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events testimonial, testimonysomething that serves as evidence argument, statementa fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true attestationthe evidence by which something is attested identificationevidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing ballistic fingerprinting, ballistic identification, bullet fingerprintingidentification of the gun that fired a bullet from an analysis of the unique marks that every gun makes on the bullet it fires and on the shell ejected from it biometric authentication, biometric identification, identity verificationthe automatic identification of living individuals by using their physiological and behavioral characteristics written account, written recorda written document preserving knowledge of facts or events memorabiliaa record of things worth remembering check stub, counterfoil, stubthe part of a check that is retained as a record data file, filea set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together account, chronicle, history, storya record or narrative description of past events mark, signa perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) proofa formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it good authoritytestimony by someone who should know testamentstrong evidence for something counterargumentan argument offered in opposition to another argument proan argument in favor of a proposal conan argument opposed to a proposal casea statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument clincher, determiner, determining factoran argument that is conclusive adducingciting as evidence or proof last wordthe final statement in a verbal argument working papersrecords kept of activities involved in carrying out a project specious argumentan argument that appears good at first view but is really fallacious imprintan identification of a publisher; a publisher's name along with the date and address and edition that is printed at the bottom of the title page positive identificationevidence proving that you are who you say you are; evidence establishing that you are among the group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to acceptance negative identificationevidence proving that you are not who you say you are not; evidence establishing that you are not among a group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to rejection facial profilingidentification of criminals and terrorist by means of videotapes of their faces fingerprinta generic term for any identifying characteristic linguistic profilingusing speech characteristics or dialect to identify a speaker's race or religion or social class profilingrecording a person's behavior and analyzing psychological characteristics in order to predict or assess their ability in a certain sphere or to identify a particular group of people indicant, indication something that serves to indicate or suggest 3n (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved Hypo|Hyper exhibit an object or statement produced before a court of law and referred to while giving evidence testimonya solemn statement made under oath corpus delictithe body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim) direct evidenceevidence (usually the testimony of a witness) directly related to the fact in dispute circumstantial evidence, indirect evidenceevidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute corroborating evidenceadditional evidence or evidence of different kind that supports a proof already offered in a proceeding hearsay evidenceevidence based on what someone has told the witness and not of direct knowledge state's evidenceevidence for the prosecution in criminal proceedings witnesstestimony by word or deed to your religious faith declaration(law) unsworn statement that can be admitted in evidence in a legal transaction attestationthe action of bearing witness affidavitwritten declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath subornationperjured testimony that someone was persuaded to give info, information a message received and understood 4v provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes Syn|Hypo|Hyper attest, certify, demonstrate, manifest attest establish or verify the usage of authenticate establish the authenticity of something reflectgive evidence of the quality of reflectgive evidence of a certain behavior notarise, notarizeauthenticate as a notary condemndemonstrate the guilt of (someone) proveobtain probate of mirrorreflect or resemble attaintcondemn by attainder bear witness, prove, show, testify provide evidence for 5v provide evidence for Syn|Hypo|Hyper bear witness, prove, show, testify attest, certify, demonstrate, manifest provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes presumeconstitute reasonable evidence for abduce, adduce, citeadvance evidence for authenticateestablish the authenticity of something reflectgive evidence of the quality of reflectgive evidence of a certain behavior notarise, notarizeauthenticate as a notary condemndemonstrate the guilt of (someone) inform impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to 6v give evidence Syn|Hyper tell inform act as an informer |
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