| 单词 | group action |
| 释义 | group action (once / 193760 pages) n WORD FAMILY group action: group actions USAGE EXAMPLESBut, she said, something other than the passage of time without success influenced the group actions. New York Times(Nov 14, 2016) The House this week unanimously passed a non-binding resolution determining the Islamic State group action genocide. US News(Mar 17, 2016) U.K.-based campaign group Action on Sugar analyzed 131 drinks at restaurant and coffee chains in the U.K. to determine their sugar content. Time(Feb 18, 2016) n action taken by a group of people Exp|Hypo|Hyper Restoration the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660 Peasant's Revolta widespread rebellion in 1381 against poll taxes and other inequities that oppressed the poorer people of England; suppressed by Richard II Seward's Follythe transaction in 1867 in which the United States Secretary of State William Henry Seward purchased Alaska from Russia Boston Tea Partydemonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea Bakke decisiona ruling by the Supreme Court on affirmative action; the Court ruled in 1978 that medical schools are entitled to consider race as a factor in their admission policy Actiumthe naval battle in which Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian's fleet under Agrippa in 31 BC Aegadean Islesislands west of Sicily (now known as the Egadi Islands) where the Romans won a naval victory over the Carthaginians that ended the first Punic War in 241 BC Aegospotamosa river in ancient Thrace (now Turkey); in the mouth of this river the Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian fleet in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (404 BC) Agincourta battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415 Alamoa siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico battle of Atlantaa siege in which Federal troops under Sherman cut off the railroads supplying the city and then burned it; 1864 battle of Austerlitza decisive battle during the Napoleonic campaigns (1805); the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II Bannockburna battle in which the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English and assured the independence of Scotland Corregidorthe peninsula and island in the Philippines where Japanese forces besieged American forces in World War II; United States forces surrendered in 1942 and recaptured the area in 1945 Battle of Britainthe prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it Battle of Kerbalaa battle in 680 in which the grandson of Mohammed and his followers were killed Battle of the Ardennes Bulgea battle during World War II; in December 1944 von Rundstedt launched a powerful counteroffensive in the forest at Ardennes and caught the Allies by surprise Battle of the Marnea World War I battle in northwestern France where the Allies defeated the Germans in 1918 battle of the Bismarck Seaa naval battle in World War II; Allied land-based bombers destroyed a Japanese convoy in the Bismarck Sea in March 1943 Blenheimthe First Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession BorodinoNapoleon defeated the Russians in 1812 in a pitched battle at a village in western Russia west of Moscow, but irreparably weakened his army Bosworth Fieldthe battle that ended the Wars of the Roses (1485); Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor was crowned as Henry VII Bouvinesin 1214 the French under Philip Augustus defeated a coalition formed against him in one of the greatest battles of the middle ages battle of Boynea battle in the War of the Grand Alliance in Ireland in 1690; William III defeated the deposed James II and so ended the Catholicism that had been reintroduced in England by the Stuarts battle of Brunanburha battle in 937 when Athelstan defeated the Scots Buena Vistaa pitched battle in the Mexican War in 1847; United States forces under Zachary Taylor defeated the Mexican forces under Santa Anna at a locality in northern Mexico Battle of Bull Runeither of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles battle of Bunker Hillthe first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775) which was fought at Breed's Hill; the British defeated the colonial forces Cannaeancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC battle of Caporettobattle of World War I (1917); Italians were defeated by the Austrian and German forces Caudine Forksa battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans Chaeroneaa battle in which Philip II of Macedon defeated the Athenians and Thebans (338 BC) and also Sulla defeated Mithridates (86 BC) Chalons-sur-Marnethe battle in which Attila the Hun was defeated by the Romans and Visigoths in 451 Chancellorsvillea major battle in the American Civil War (1863); the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces under Joseph Hooker Chapultepeca pitched battle in the Mexican War that resulted in a major victory for American forces over Mexican forces at a locality south of Mexico City (1847) battle of Chattanoogain the American Civil War (1863) the Union armies of Hooker, Thomas, and Sherman under the command of Ulysses S. Grant won a decisive victory over the Confederate Army under Braxton Bragg battle of Chickamaugaa Confederate victory in the American Civil War (1863); Confederate forces under Braxton Bragg defeated Union forces Chino-Japanese Wara war between China and Japan (1894 and 1895) over the control of the Korean Peninsula; China was overwhelmingly defeated at Port Arthur battle of the Coral Seaa Japanese defeat in World War II (May 1942); the first naval battle fought entirely by planes based on aircraft carriers battle of Cowpensbattle in the American Revolution; Americans under Daniel Morgan defeated the British battle of Crecythe first decisive battle of the Hundred Years' War; in 1346 the English under Edward III defeated the French under Philip of Valois battle of Cunaxabattle in 401 BC when the Artaxerxes II defeated his younger brother who tried to usurp the throne battle of Cynoscephalaethe battle that ended the second Macedonian War (197 BC); the Romans defeated Philip V who lost his control of Greece Dien Bien Phuthe French military base fell after a siege by Vietnam troops that lasted 56 days; ended the involvement of France in Indochina in 1954 Droghedain 1649 the place was captured by Oliver Cromwell, who massacred the Catholic inhabitants Battle of El Alameina pitched battle in World War II (1942) resulting in a decisive Allied victory by British troops under Montgomery over German troops under Rommel Battle of Flodden Fielda battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV was killed Battle of Fontenoya battle in 1745 in which the French army under Marshal Saxe defeated the English army and their allies under the duke of Cumberland Fort Ticonderogaa pitched battle in which American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775 Battle of Fredericksburgan important battle in the American Civil War (1862); the Union Army under A. E. Burnside was defeated by the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee Battle of Gettysburga battle of the American Civil War (1863); the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate Army was a major victory for the Union Battle of Granicus Riverthe battle in which Alexander won his first major victory against the Persians (334 BC) Battle of Guadalcanala battle in World War II in the Pacific (1942-1943); the island was occupied by the Japanese and later recaptured by American forces Hampton Roadsa naval battle of the American Civil War (1862); the indecisive battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac battle of Hastingsthe decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest battle of Hohenlindena battle during the Napoleonic Wars (1800); the French defeated the Austrians Indian Mutinydiscontent with British administration in India led to numerous mutinies in 1857 and 1858; the revolt was put down after several battles and sieges (notably the siege at Lucknow) battle of Ipsusa battle between the successors of Alexander the Great (301 BC); Lysimachus and Seleucus defeated Antigonus and Demetrius battle of Issusa battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III Ivry la Bataillea battle (1590) in which the Huguenots under Henry IV defeated the Catholics under the duke of Mayenne Battle of Jenathe battle in 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians battle of Jutlandan indecisive naval battle in World War I (1916); fought between the British and German fleets off the northwestern coast of Denmark Kennesaw Mountainbattle of the American Civil War (1864); Union forces under William Tecumseh Sherman were repulsed by Confederate troops under Joseph Eggleston Johnston Battle of Lake Trasimenusa battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius battle of Langside(1568) Catholic forces supporting Mary Queen of Scots were routed by Protestants Battle of LepantoTurkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope battle of LeuctraThebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece Lexington and Concordthe first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775) Lucknowthe British residents of Lucknow were besieged by Indian insurgents during the Indian Mutiny (1857) battle of Lule Burgasthe principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks battle of Lutzena battle in the Thirty Years' War (1632); Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeated the Holy Roman Empire under Wallenstein; Gustavus Adolphus was killed Macedonian Warone the four wars between Macedonia and Rome in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, which ended in the defeat of Macedonia and its annexation as a Roman province Battle of Magentaa battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I Battle of Maldona battle in which the Danes defeated the Saxons in 991; celebrated in an old English poem Manila Baya naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the American fleet under Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet Mantineiathe site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC battle of Marathona battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians Marengoa battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians battle of Marston Moora battle in 1644 in which the Parliamentarians under the earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists under Prince Rupert Metaurus Rivera battle during the second Punic War (207 BC); Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal was defeated by the Romans which ended Hannibal's hopes for success in Italy Battle of Midwaynaval battle of World War II (June 1942); American planes based on land and on carriers decisively defeated a Japanese fleet on its way to invade the Midway Islands battle of Mindena battle in the Seven Years' War (1759) in which the English forces and their allies defeated the French Battle of Monmouth Court Housea pitched battle in New Jersey during the American Revolution (1778) that ended with the withdrawal of British forces Battle of Nasebya battle in 1645 that settled the outcome of the first English Civil War as the Parliamentarians won a major victory over the Royalists battle of Navarinoa decisive naval battle in the War of Greek Independence (1827); the Turkish and Egyptian fleet was defeated by an allied fleet of British and French and Russian warships battle of Omdurmana battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese siege of Orleansa long siege of Orleans by the English was relieved by Joan of Arc in 1429 battle of Panipatbattle in which the ruler of Afghanistan defeated the Mahrattas in 1761 Cape Passeroa naval battle in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Passero in which the Spanish navy was destroyed by France and England while attempting to recover Sicily and Sardinia from Italy (1719) Petersburg Campaignthe final campaign of the American Civil War (1864-65); Union forces under Grant besieged and finally defeated Confederate forces under Lee battle of PharsalusCaesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC battle of PhilippiOctavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC battle of the Philippine Seaa naval battle in World War II (1944); a decisive naval victory for the United States fleet over the Japanese who were trying to block supplies from reaching American troops on Leyte battle of Plasseythe victory in 1757 by the British under Clive over Siraj-ud-daula that established British supremacy over Bengal battle of Plataeaa defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks at Plataea in 479 BC Pleventhe town was taken from the Turks by the Russians in 1877 after a siege of 143 days battle of Poitiersthe battle in 1356 in which the English under the Black Prince defeated the French Port Arthura battle in the Chino-Japanese War (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese Battle of Pueblaa battle in which Mexican forces defeated the French in 1862 Battle of Pydnaa major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom Battle of Ravennaa battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512 Battle of Rocroia battle in the Thirty Years' War (1643); the French defeated the Spanish invaders battle of Rossbacha battle in the Seven Years' War (1757); Prussian forces under Frederick the Great defeated the armies of France and Austria battle of St Mihiela battle in the Meuse-Argonne operation in World War I (1918); the battle in which American troops launched their first offensive in France Santiago de Cubaa naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the United States fleet bottled up the Spanish ships in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and destroyed them when they tried to escape battle of Saratogaa battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated battle of Sempatchthe Swiss Confederation escaped Hapsburg domination by their victory in 1386 battle of Pittsburgh Landingthe second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory battle of the Chemin-des-Damesa battle in World War I (May 1918); the Germans tried to attack before the American numbers were too great to defeat; the tactical success of the Germans proved to be a strategic failure battle of Solferinoan indecisive battle in 1859 between the French and Sardinians under Napoleon III and the Austrians under Francis Joseph I Battle of the Sommebattle in World War I (1916) Battle of the Sommebattle of World War II (1944) Battle of the Spanish Armadain the English Channel a small fleet of British ships successfully defeated the large armada sent from Spain by Philip II to invade England battle of Spotsylvania Courthousea battle between the armies of Grant and Lee during the Wilderness Campaign siege of Syracusethe Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse siege of Syracusethe Roman siege of Syracuse (214-212 BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city (killing Archimedes) battle of Tannenberga battle in World War I (1914); decisive German victory over the Russians battle of Tertrya battle in France in 687 among the descendants of Clovis battle of Teutoburger Walda battle in 9 AD in which the Germans under Arminius annihilated three Roman Legions battle of Tewkesburythe final battle of the War of the Roses in 1471 in which Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians battle of Thermopylaea famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece battle of Trafalgara naval battle in 1805 off the southwest coast of Spain; the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by the English under Nelson (who was mortally wounded) battle of Trasimenoa battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC Tsushimaa naval battle in the Russo-Japanese War (1905); the Japanese fleet defeated the Russian fleet in the Korean Strait battle of Valmythe French defeated the Austrian and Prussian troops in 1792 (with a famous cannonade from the French artillery) battle of Verduna battle in World War I (1916); in some of the bloodiest fighting in World War I the German offensive was stopped siege of Vicksburga decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered battle of Wagrama battle in the Napoleonic campaigns (1809); Napoleon defeated the Austrians Battle of Waterloothe battle on 18 June 1815 in which Prussian and British forces under Blucher and the Duke of Wellington routed the French forces under Napoleon Yalu Rivera battle in the Korean War (November 1950); when UN troops advanced north to the Yalu River 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the river and drove them back siege of Yorktownin 1781 the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops; the surrender ended the American Revolution first battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others second battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient third battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery battle of Zamathe battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War United States Civil Warcivil war in the United States between the North and the South; 1861-1865 American War of Independencethe revolution of the American Colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783 Arab-Israeli Wartension between Arabs and Israeli erupted into a brief war in June 1967; Israel emerged as a major power in the Middle East Arab-Israeli WarEgypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973 (on Yom Kippur); Israel counterattacked and drove the Syrians back and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt Balkan Warstwo wars (1912-1913) that were fought over the last of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire and that left the area around Constantinople (now Istanbul) as the only Ottoman territory in Europe Boer Wareither of two wars: the first when the Boers fought England in order to regain the independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus (1880-1881); the second when the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain (1899-1902) Chinese Revolutionthe republican revolution against the Manchu dynasty in China; 1911-1912 Crimean Wara war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia; 1853-1856 Cuban Revolutionthe revolution led by Fidel Castro and a small band of guerrilla fighters against a corrupt dictatorship in Cuba; 1956-1959 English Civil Warcivil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648 Bloodless Revolutionthe revolution against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England although battles were fought in Scotland and Ireland (1688-1689) Franco-Prussian Wara war between France and Prussia that ended the Second Empire in France and led to the founding of modern Germany; 1870-1871 French and Indian Wara war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by American Indian tribes); 1755-1760 French Revolutionthe revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799 Hundred Years' Warthe series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453 Iran-Iraq Wara dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution Korean Wara war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations; 1950-1953 Mexican Revolutiona revolution for agrarian reforms led in northern Mexico by Pancho Villa and in southern Mexico by Emiliano Zapata (1910-1911) Mexican Warafter disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000 Napoleonic Warsa series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times; 1799-1815 Peloponnesian Wara war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta; 431-404 BC Persian Gulf Wara war fought between Iraq and a coalition led by the United States that freed Kuwait from Iraqi invaders; 1990-1991 Punic Warone of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome; 264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 149-146 BC February Revolutionthe revolution against the czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917 October Revolutionthe coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922 Russo-Japanese WarJapanese victory in the war with Russia (1904-1905) gave Japan power over Korea and Manchuria Seven Years' Wara war of England and Prussia against France and Austria (1756-1763); Britain and Prussia got the better of it Spanish-American Wara war between the United States and Spain in 1898 Spanish Civil Warcivil war in Spain in which Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939 Thirty Years' Wara series of conflicts (1618-1648) between Protestants and Catholics starting in Germany and spreading until France and Denmark and Sweden were opposing the Holy Roman Empire and Spain Trojan War(Greek mythology) a great war fought between Greece and Troy; the Greeks sailed to Troy to recover Helen of Troy, the beautiful wife of Menelaus who had been abducted by Paris; after ten years the Greeks (via the Trojan Horse) achieved final victory and burned Troy to the ground Vietnam Wara prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States War of Greek Independencethe Greeks rebelled against Turkish rule in 1821; with the support of England and France and Russia they won independence in 1828 at Navarino (although the country included only half its present size) War of the Austrian SuccessionPrussia and Austria fought over Silesia and most of the rest of Europe took sides; 1740-1748 War of the League of Augsburgan aggressive war waged by Louis XIV against Spain and the Holy Roman Empire and England and Holland and other states (1689-1697) War of the Spanish Successiona general war in Europe (1701-1714) that broke out when Louis XIV installed his grandson on the throne of Spain; England and Holland hoped to limit Louis' power Wars of the Rosesstruggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII War of 1812a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France First World Wara war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918 Second World Wara war between the Allies (Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, USSR, Yugoslavia) and the Axis (Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Rumania, Slovakia, Thailand) from 1939 to 1945 Red Hand Defendersa paramilitary group of Protestants in Northern Ireland that tries to prevent any political settlement with the Irish Republic; attacks interests of Catholic civilians in Northern Ireland; responsible for arson and bombing and murder September 11the day in 2001 when Arab suicide bombers hijacked United States airliners and used them as bombs vote the opinion of a group as determined by voting processionthe group action of a collection of people or animals or vehicles moving ahead in more or less regular formation action, military actiona military engagement battle, conflict, strugglean open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals) revolutionthe overthrow of a government by those who are governed social activityactivity considered appropriate on social occasions communalismthe practice of communal living and common ownership alliance, confederationthe act of forming an alliance or confederation decolonisation, decolonizationthe action of changing from colonial to independent status disbandmentthe act of disbanding disestablishmentthe act terminating an established state of affairs; especially ending a connection with the Church of England dealing, dealings, transactionthe act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities) stampedea headlong rush of people on a common impulse social controlcontrol exerted (actively or passively) by group action coup, coup d'etat, putsch, takeovera sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force internationalisation, internationalizationthe act of bringing something under international control nationalisation, nationalizationthe action of forming or becoming a nation exchange, interchangethe act of changing one thing for another thing exchange, rally(sports) an unbroken sequence of several successive strokes compliance, submissionthe act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another competition, contention, rivalrythe act of competing as for profit or a prize resistancegroup action in opposition to those in power nonresistancegroup refusal to resort to violence even in defense against violence due process, due process of law(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards actionan act by a government body or supranational organization legalisation, legalization, legitimationthe act of making lawful separationthe social act of separating or parting company desegregation, integrating, integrationthe action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community cooperationjoint operation or action brainstorminga group problem-solving technique in which members spontaneously share ideas and solutions assemblage, assembly, gatheringthe social act of assembling attendance, attendingthe act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) nonattendancethe failure to attend getting even, paying back, returna reciprocal group action democratisation, democratizationthe action of making something democratic engagement, involution, involvement, participationthe act of sharing in the activities of a group non-engagement, non-involvement, nonparticipationwithdrawing from the activities of a group ethnic cleansingthe mass expulsion and killing of one ethnic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area socialisation, socializationthe action of establishing on a socialist basis amphibious landinga military action of coordinated land, sea, and air forces organized for an invasion plebiscitea vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance referenduma legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate electiona vote to select the winner of a position or political office battle, conflict, engagement, fighta hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war blockade, encirclementa war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy defence, defense, defensive measure(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies EW, electronic warfaremilitary action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum police actiona local military action without declaration of war; against violators of international peace and order resistancethe military action of resisting the enemy's advance saber rattling, sabre rattlingthe ostentatious display of military power (with the implied threat that it might be used) class struggle, class war, class warfareconflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes) insurrection, rebellion, revolt, rising, uprisingorganized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another counterrevolutiona revolution whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by a previous revolution counterinsurgency, pacificationactions taken by a government to defeat insurgency sally, sortiea military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position war, warfarethe waging of armed conflict against an enemy associationthe act of consorting with or joining with others minglingthe action of people mingling and coming into contact commerce, commercialism, mercantilismtransactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services) affairstransactions of professional or public interest operations, trading operationsfinancial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records transfer, transferencetransferring ownership exchangethe act of giving something in return for something received business deal, deal, tradea particular instance of buying or selling downticka transaction in the stock market at a price below the price of the preceding transaction upticka transaction in the stock market at a price above the price of the preceding transaction borrowingobtaining funds from a lender rental, rentingthe act of paying for the use of something (as an apartment or house or car) auto limitationsocial control achieved as a manifestation of self-will or general consent sanctiona mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards population controlcontrol over the growth of population; a government program administration, governance, governing, government, government activitythe act of governing; exercising authority enforcementthe act of enforcing; ensuring observance of or obedience to dominationsocial control by dominating acculturation, enculturation, socialisation, socializationthe adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture duty, obligation, responsibilitythe social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force military control, occupationthe control of a country by military forces of a foreign power direction, managementthe act of managing something countercoupa sudden and decisive overthrow of a government that gained power by a coup d'etat deprivation, privationact of depriving someone of food or money or rights appeasement, calmingthe act of appeasing (as by acceding to the demands of) communisation, communization, nationalisation, nationalizationchanging something from private to state ownership or control denationalisation, denationalization, privatisation, privatizationchanging something from state to private ownership or control detribalisation, detribalizationthe act of causing tribal people to abandon their customs and adopt urban ways of living discrimination, favoritism, favouritismunfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice patronage(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support militarisation, militarization, mobilisation, mobilizationact of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: "mobilization of the troops" demobilisation, demobilizationact of changing from a war basis to a peace basis including disbanding or discharging troops normalisation, normalization, standardisation, standardizationthe imposition of standards or regulations penalisation, penalization, penalty, punishmentthe act of punishing correctionsthe social control of offenders through a system of imprisonment and rehabilitation and probation and parole trade-off, tradeoffan exchange that occurs as a compromise obedience, obeisancethe act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person prostrationabject submission; the emotional equivalent of prostrating your body strifebitter conflict; heated often violent dissension tug-of-warany hard struggle between equally matched groups turf wara bitter struggle for territory or power or control or rights contesta struggle between rivals confrontation, oppositionthe act of hostile groups opposing each other sales resistanceresistance by potential customers to aggressive selling practices defiancea defiant act contravention, disputecoming into conflict with combat, fight, fighting, scrapthe act of fighting; any contest or struggle obstructionismdeliberate interference dissent, objection, protestthe act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent rebellionrefusal to accept some authority or code or convention insubordination, rebelliousnessan insubordinate act legal proceeding, proceeding, proceedings(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked notification, presentmentan accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative judgement, judgment, judicial decision(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it dispossession, eviction, legal ousterthe expulsion of someone (such as a tenant) from the possession of land by process of law pleaan answer indicating why a suit should be dismissed defence, defense, demurrer, deniala defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him divorce, divorcementthe legal dissolution of a marriage seclusionthe act of secluding yourself from others closing off, isolationthe act of isolating something; setting something apart from others segregation, sequestrationthe act of segregating or sequestering separationism, separatismadvocacy of a policy of strict separation of church and state teamworkcooperative work done by a team (especially when it is effective) abidance, compliance, conformation, conformityacting according to certain accepted standards coaction, collaborationact of working jointly collaboration, collaborationism, quislingismact of cooperating traitorously with an enemy that is occupying your country compromise, via mediaa middle way between two extremes concurrence, concurrencyacting together, as agents or circumstances or events rapprochement, reconciliationthe reestablishing of cordial relations self-sacrifice, selflessnessacting with less concern for yourself than for the success of the joint activity allegiance, commitment, dedication, loyaltythe act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action representationthe act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf mobilisation, mobilizationact of marshaling and organizing and making ready for use or action calling together, convocationthe act of convoking coming together, meetingthe social act of assembling for some common purpose congregating, congregationthe act of congregating convening, conventionthe act of convening concentrationbringing together military forces appearance, appearing, coming into courtformal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action presencethe act of being present turnoutattendance for a particular event or purpose (as to vote in an election) nonappearancefailure to appear (especially as at court) absencefailure to be present hooky, truancyfailure to attend (especially school) payment, requitalan act of requiting; returning in kind retaliation, revengeaction taken in return for an injury or offense reciprocationthe act of making or doing something in return feuda bitter quarrel between two parties war, warfarean active struggle between competing entities tit for tatan equivalent given in return isolationa country's withdrawal from international politics commitmentan engagement by contract involving financial obligation intercession, interventionthe act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) group participationparticipation by all members of a group neutralitynonparticipation in a dispute or war convoya procession of land vehicles traveling together caravan, train, wagon traina procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file cavalcadea procession of people traveling on horseback marcha procession of people walking together motorcadea procession of people traveling in motor cars paradea ceremonial procession including people marching cortegea funeral procession recession, recessionalthe withdrawal of the clergy and choir from the chancel to the vestry at the end of a church service event something that happens at a given place and time act, deed, human action, human activitysomething that people do or cause to happen |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。