| 单词 | standard |
| 释义 | standard (once / 87 pages) 1nadj 2n 3n 4n A standard is an ideal or set of criteria that you use to judge things against. Colleges have certain standards for applicants, like a minimum SAT score or an above average grade point average. If you complain that the soup isn't up to your standard, you're comparing it to an ideal and finding it lacking. (Just don't be surprised if the chef then "accidentally" spills it in your lap.) The economy used to work by the gold standard, where one dollar equaled a fixed amount of gold. A standard can also be a military flag or banner on a pole. Or a popular old song that's considered a classic. WORD FAMILYstandard: nonstandard, standardise, standardize, standards, substandard+/standardise: standardisation, standardised, standardiser, standardising/standardization: standardizations/standardize: standardization, standardized, standardizer, standardizes, standardizing/standardizer: standardizers USAGE EXAMPLES“Under international standards, construction companies in the Gulf are not only responsible for how they treat their direct employees,” Lynch said. Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017) Quiet sitting at room temperature is the standard RMR reference point; this is referred to as one metabolic equivalent, or MET. Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016) He is on standard administrative leave, the agency said. Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) 1 1n a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated the schools comply with federal standards Syn|Hypo|Hyper criterion, measure, touchstone benchmark a standard by which something can be measured or judged ERA, earned run average(baseball) a measure of a pitcher's effectiveness; calculated as the average number of earned runs allowed by the pitcher for every nine innings pitched GPA, grade point averagea measure of a student's academic achievement at a college or university; calculated by dividing the total number of grade points received by the total number attempted procrustean bed, procrustean rule, procrustean standarda standard that is enforced uniformly without regard to individuality yardsticka measure or standard used for comparison medium of exchange, monetary systemanything that is generally accepted as a standard of value and a measure of wealth in a particular country or region graduated table, ordered series, scale, scale of measurementan ordered reference standard gauge, standard of measurementaccepted or approved instance or example of a quantity or quality against which others are judged or measured or compared baselinean imaginary line or standard by which things are measured or compared norma standard or model or pattern regarded as typical legal tender, stamp, tendersomething that can be used as an official medium of payment moneythe most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender currencythe metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used Beaufort scale, wind scalean international scale of wind force from 0 (calm air) to 12 (hurricane) indexa numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number logarithmic scalescale on which actual distances from the origin are proportional to the logarithms of the corresponding scale numbers Mercalli scalea scale formerly used to describe the magnitude of an earthquake; an earthquake detected only by seismographs is a I and an earthquake that destroys all buildings is a XII Mohs scalea scale of hardness of solids; talc is 0 and diamond is 10; ordering is determined by which substance can scratch another substance Richter scalea logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 formerly used to express the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of the size of seismograph oscillations moment magnitude scalea logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 (a successor to the Richter scale) that enables seismologists to compare the energy released by different earthquakes on the basis of the area of the geological fault that ruptured in the quake temperature scalea system of measuring temperature wage scale, wage schedulea schedule of wages paid for different jobs metric, system of measurement a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic 2n the ideal in terms of which something can be judged they live by the standards of their community Syn|Hypo|Hyper criterion control, control condition a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment design criteriacriteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device ideal the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain 3n the value behind the money in a monetary system Syn|Hypo|Hyper monetary standard gold standard a monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by a stated quantity of gold silver standarda monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by a stated quantity of silver bimetallisma monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by stated amounts of two metals (usually gold and silver) with values set at a predetermined ratio value the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable 4adj conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind windows of standard width standard sizes the standard fixtures standard brands standard operating procedure Syn|Ant normal conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal modularconstructed with standardized units or dimensions allowing flexibility and variety in use regularconforming to a standard or pattern regulationprescribed by or according to regulation standardised, standardizedbrought into conformity with a standard stockroutine nonstandard varying from or not adhering to a standard deficient, inferior, substandardfalling short of some prescribed norm nonnormativenot based on a norm 5adj established or well-known or widely recognized as a model of authority or excellence a standard reference work Syn|Ant orthodox adhering to what is commonly accepted authoritative, classic, classical, definitiveof recognized authority or excellence basic, canonic, canonicalreduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality casebook, textbookaccording to or characteristic of a casebook or textbook; typical criterial, criterionalserving as a basis for evaluation nonstandard not standard; not accepted as a model of excellence 6adj commonly used or supplied standard procedure standard car equipment Syn common having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual 7adj regularly and widely used or sold a standard size Syn stock regular in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle 8adj conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers 2" standard English" (American) Syn|Ant received acceptable judged to be in conformity with approved usage classical(language) having the form used by ancient standard authors nonstandard not conforming to the language usage of a prestige group within a community badnonstandard unacceptable, unacceptednot conforming to standard usage n a board measure = 1980 board feet 3Hyper capacity measure, capacity unit, cubage unit, cubature unit, cubic content unit, cubic measure, displacement unit, volume unit a unit of measurement of volume or capacity n an upright pole or beam (especially one used as a support) 4distance was marked by standards every mile lamps supported on standards provided illumination Hyper post an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position n any distinctive flag Syn|Hypo|Hyper banner oriflamme a red or orange-red flag used as a standard by early French kings flag emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design |
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