| 单词 | fungus |
| 释义 | fungus (once / 2461 pages) n WORD FAMILY fungus: fungi, fungous, funguses, funguslike USAGE EXAMPLES“Who remembers what the fungus on trees is called?” Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016) Throughout the story, mundane anxieties—always being early, tongue fungus—intermingle with larger world events, such as two bombings. The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016) It is within this fungus below, the mycelium, where much of its value and potential lies. Salon(Dec 25, 2016) n an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia Hypo|Hyper Ceratostomella ulmi, Dutch elm fungus fungus causing Dutch elm disease Claviceps purpurea, ergota fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid Xylaria mali, black root rot fungusfungus causing black root rot in apples Xylaria polymorpha, dead-man's-fingers, dead-men's-fingersthe fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria sclerotiniaany fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants earthball, false truffle, hard-skinned puffball, puffballany of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles stalked puffballmushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball false truffleany of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle slime mold, slime moulda naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists pond-scum parasitean aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum Synchytrium endobioticum, potato wart fungusfungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers Saprolegnia ferax, white fungusa fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins) white rustfungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia pythiumany fungus of the genus Pythium Phytophthora citrophthoracauses brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits Phytophthora infestansfungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes Plasmodiophora brassicae, clubroot fungusa fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants earth-ball, earthnut, truffleany of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe coral fungusany of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral tooth fungusa fungus of the family Hydnaceae lichenany thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc. true fungusany of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota basidiomycete, basidiomycetous fungiany of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota Chinese black mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Oriental black mushroom, golden oak mushroom, shiitake, shiitake mushroomedible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe Lentinus lepideus, scaly lentinusa fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice Corticium salmonicolor, pink disease fungusfungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc Corticium solani, bottom rot fungusfungus causing bottom rot in lettuce Pellicularia filamentosa, Rhizoctinia solani, potato fungusfungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers Pellicularia koleroga, coffee fungusfungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants Volvaria bombycinaa parasite on various trees sac fungusany of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus ascomycete, ascomycetous fungusany fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus yeastany of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division Aspergillus fumigatusa mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man Thielavia basicola, brown root rot fungusfungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families Wynnea americanaa fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange Wynnea sparassoidesa fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a yellow-brown head shaped like a cauliflower false morela fungus of the family Helvellaceae lorchela large fungus of the family Helvellaceae gyromitraany fungus of the genus Gyromitra gasteromycete, gastromyceteany fungus of the class Gasteromycetes carrion fungus, stinkhornany of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales puffball, true puffballany of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature earthstarany fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star Radiigera fuscoglebaa fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it bird's-nest fungusany of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores Gastrocybe lateritiaa species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses Macowanites americanusa small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap Gastroboletus scabrosusa dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete Gastroboletus turbinatusa fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete Grifola frondosa, Polyporus frondosus, hen of the woods, hen-of-the-woodslarge greyish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees Fomes igniarius, agaricfungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses boleteany fungus of the family Boletaceae jelly fungusany fungus of the order Tremellales or Auriculariales whose fruiting body is jellylike in consistency when fresh rust, rust fungusany of various fungi causing rust disease in plants smut, smut fungusany fungus of the order Ustilaginales Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum, felt fungusfungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States mold, moulda fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter mildewa fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter verticilliuma fungus of the genus Verticillium moniliaany of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia candidaany of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida blastomyceteany of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals Cercospora kopkei, yellow spot fungusfungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia) Ustilaginoidea virens, green smut fungusfungus causing green smut in rice dry rota fungus causing dry rot rhizoctiniaany fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia earth-tongue, earthtongueany club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum powdery mildewany of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface rye ergota sclerotium or hardened mass of mycelium brown cupa variety of sclerotinia Scleroderma aurantium, Scleroderma citrinuman earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts Scleroderma flavidium, star earthballan earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel Scleroderma bovista, smooth earthballan earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity Podaxaceaea variety of gastromycete Rhizopogon idahoensisa large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes greyish brown in maturity Truncocolumella citrinaa fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue mucorany mold of the genus Mucor rhizopusany of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus acellular slime mold, myxomycete, plasmodial slime mold, true slime molda slime mold of the class Myxomycetes cellular slime molddiffering from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle water moldparasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil downy mildew, false mildewany of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons Pythium debaryanum, damping off fungusfungus causing damping off disease in seedlings Geglossaceaea type of ascomycetous fungus Sarcosomataceaea type of ascomycetous fungus club fungusa club-shaped coral fungus ascolichena lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete basidiolichena lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete lecanoraany lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food Roccella tinctoria, roccellaa source of the dye archil and of litmus Usnea barbata, beard lichen, beard mossgreenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees horsehair lichen, horsetail lichenany of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair Cladonia rangiferina, arctic moss, reindeer lichen, reindeer mossan erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans crotal, crottal, crottleany of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made Cetraria islandica, Iceland lichen, Iceland mosslichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol mushroomany of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium agarica saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside gill fungusa basidiomycete with gills Clavicipitaceae, grainy club mushroomsany of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker's yeast, brewer's yeastused as a leaven in baking and brewing Saccharomyces ellipsoides, wine-maker's yeastused in making wine cup fungus, discomyceteany fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes helvellaany fungus of the genus Helvella having the ascocarps stalked or pleated or often in folds discinaany fungus of the genus Discina California false morel, Gyromitra californicaa gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California Gyromitra sphaerospora, round-spored gyromitraa gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains Gyromitra esculenta, beefsteak morel, brain mushrooma poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown Gyromitra infula, saddled-shaped false morela poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even Gyromitra brunnea, Gyromitra fastigiataa lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk Gyromitra gigasa gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time Phallus impudicus, common stinkhorna common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism Phallus raveneliithis stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh Mutinus caninus, dog stinkhorna stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it Calostoma lutescensa gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case Calostoma cinnabarinaa gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case Calostoma raveneliia gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores Pseudocolus fusiformis, stinky squida stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point Calvatia gigantea, giant puffballhuge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight Geastrum coronatuman earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac Astreus pteridisthe largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded Astreus hygrometricusa common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan polypore, pore fungus, pore mushroomwoody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent Boletus chrysenterona fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk Boletus edulisan edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk Boletus frostii, Frost's boletea fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk Boletus luridusa poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk Boletus mirabilisa fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk Boletus pallidusa fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow Boletus pulcherrimusa beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk Boletus pulverulentusan edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base Boletus roxanaea fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk Boletus subvelutipesa fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly Boletus variipesan edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk Boletus zellerian edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age Fuscoboletinus palusteran edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity Fuscoboletinus serotinusan edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk Leccinum fibrillosuman edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base Phylloporus boletinoidesa fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk Suillus albivelatusa short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring Strobilomyces floccopus, old-man-of-the-woodsedible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America Boletellus russelliia fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface Tremella fuciformis, snow mushroompopular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried Tremella lutescens, witches' buttera yellow jelly fungus Tremella foliaceaa jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color Tremella reticulataa jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi) Auricularia auricula, Jew's-ear, Jew's-ears, ear funguswidely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood Melampsora lini, flax rust, flax rust fungusfungus causing flax rust Cronartium ribicola, blister rustfungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host Puccinia graminis, wheat rustrust fungus that attacks wheat Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, apple rust, cedar-apple rustrust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc covered smuta smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes loose smuta smut fungus of the genus Ustilago causing a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores corn smut, cornsmuta smut fungus attacking Indian corn Sphacelotheca, genus Sphacelothecagenus of smut fungus Sphacelotheca reiliana, head smutsmut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut Tilletia caries, buntfungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores Tilletia foetida, bunt, stinking smutsimilar to Tilletia caries Urocystis cepulae, onion smutsmut fungus causing blackish blisters on scales and leaves of onions; especially destructive to seedlings flag smut fungusa smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores Candida albicans, Monilia albicansa parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina being, organism a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently |
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