| 单词 | physical process |
| 释义 | physical process (once / 42824 pages) n WORD FAMILY physical process: physical processes USAGE EXAMPLES“I think our behavior is the product of physical processes in the brain.” Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016) The instrument will allow researchers to study split-second chemical reactions and biological and physical processes in atomic detail. Nature(Dec 21, 2016) Almost every physical process behaves identically when viewed in a mirror. Nature(May 15, 2016) n a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states Syn|Hypo|Hyper process phenomenon any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning chelation(medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning dealignmenta process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties decrease, decrementa process of becoming smaller or shorter degeneration, devolutionthe process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality development, evolutiona process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) economic processany process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth encapsulationthe process of enclosing (as in a capsule) execution, instruction execution(computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer human processa process in which human beings are involved growth, increase, incrementa process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important industrial processa systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something irreversible processany process that is not reversible iteration, looping(computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained iteration, loop(computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated action, activity, natural action, natural processa process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) functioning, operation, performanceprocess or manner of functioning or operating biological process, organic processa process occurring in living organisms photographythe process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces processingpreparing or putting through a prescribed procedure reversible processany process in which a system can be made to pass through the same states in the reverse order when the process is reversed sensitisation, sensitization(psychology) the process of becoming highly sensitive to specific events or situations (especially emotional events or situations) defining, shapingany process serving to define the shape of something variationthe process of varying or being varied covariation(statistics) correlated variation radiationthe spread of a group of organisms into new habitats natural phenomenonall phenomena that are not artificial levitationthe phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means metempsychosis, rebirthafter death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body consequence, effect, event, issue, outcome, result, upshota phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon chance, fortune, hazard, luckan unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another fortune, luckan unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome pulsationa periodically recurring phenomenon that alternately increases and decreases some quantity absorption(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium accessiona process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group) accretion, accumulationan increase by natural growth or addition accretion(geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment accretion(biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles accretion(astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases Acheson processan industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay acidificationthe process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid adaptation, adaption, adjustmentthe process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) adiabatic process(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat aerationthe process of exposing to air (so as to purify) agglutinationa clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins) ageing, aging, senescencethe organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age anaglyphythe process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens anovulationthe absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary antiredepositionthe process of preventing redeposition antisepsis, asepsisthe process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms assibilationthe development of a consonant phoneme into a sibilant absorption, assimilationthe process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion attackthe onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent) autotype, autotypyprocess for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment autoregulation(physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism bacteriostasisinhibition of the growth of bacteria batch processingthe serial execution of computer programs Bessemer processan industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities; the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost bloom, bloomingthe organic process of bearing flowers blowingprocessing that involves blowing a gas activity, bodily function, bodily process, body processan organic process that takes place in the body captureany process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle capturea process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field carbon cyclethe organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again catabolism, destructive metabolism, dissimilation, katabolismbreakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy cell division, cellular divisionthe process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells centrifugationthe process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge chemical action, chemical change, chemical process(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved chromatographya process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency concretionthe formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys) condensationthe process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state convection(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere crossing over, crossoverthe interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis clotting, coagulation, curdlingthe process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid cyanide processan industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution data processing(computer science) a series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information decay, declinea gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current decaythe process of gradually becoming inferior decline, diminutionchange toward something smaller or lower deepeninga process of becoming deeper and more profound deflationa contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices defoliationthe loss of foliage demagnetisation, demagnetizationthe process of removing magnetization demandthe ability and desire to purchase goods and services deossificationthe loss of the mineral content of bone tissue desensitisation, desensitizationthe process of reducing sensitivity desorptionchanging from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state developing, developmentprocessing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible diffusion(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration digestionthe organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body digital photographya photographic method that stores the image digitally for later reproduction disinflationa reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments disintegration, dissolutionseparation into component parts distillation, distillmentthe process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors driftthe gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane) dry plate, dry plate processa former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion eburnationa change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory ecchymosisthe escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin economic growthsteady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income) effacementshortening of the uterine cervix and thinning of its walls as it is dilated during labor effervescencethe process of bubbling as gas escapes cataphoresis, dielectrolysis, electrophoresis, ionophoresisthe motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode electrostatic precipitationa process that removes suspended dust particles from a gas by applying a high voltage electrostatic charge to the particles and collecting them on charged plates erythropoiesisthe process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow ecesis, establishment(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat eutrophicationexcessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life evolution, organic evolution, phylogenesis, phylogeny(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms expression(genetics) the process of expressing a gene extinctionthe reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation extractionthe process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means extravasationthe process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine feedbackthe process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output filtrationthe process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium flocculationthe process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations flowany uninterrupted stream or discharge formationnatural process that causes something to form fossilisation, fossilizationthe process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone fractional process, fractionationa process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components gastrulationthe process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells geologic process, geological process(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified globalisation, globalizationgrowth to a global or worldwide scale glycogenesisthe formation in animals of glycogen from glucose development, growing, growth, maturation, ontogenesis, ontogeny(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level growtha progression from simpler to more complex forms Haber process, Haber-Bosch processan industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst curing, hardening, set, solidification, solidifyingthe process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization haematogenesis, haematopoiesis, haemogenesis, haemopoiesis, hematogenesis, hematopoiesis, hemogenesis, hemopoiesis, sanguificationthe formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow) hereditythe biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next humificationthe process of the formation of humus from plant remains epistasis, hypostasisthe suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene implantation, nidation(embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals inactivationthe process of rendering inactive inflation, rising pricesa general and progressive increase in prices inhibition(physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part infolding, introversion, intussusception, invaginationthe folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface involutionreduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth) ion exchangea process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing ionisation, ionizationthe process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas cytokinesisorganic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells karyokinesisorganic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis keratinisation, keratinizationorganic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair) Krebs citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cyclein all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy leach, leachingthe process of leaching linguistic processa process involved in human language lymphopoiesisthe formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and thymus and spleen lysogenisation, lysogenizationthe process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome magnetic induction, magnetisation, magnetizationthe process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently) market forcesthe interaction of supply and demand that shapes a market economy materialisation, materializationthe process of coming into being; becoming reality maturation, maturement, ripeningcoming to full development; becoming mature metabolic process, metabolismthe organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life metabolism, metamorphosisthe marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals multiplicationa multiplicative increase concurrent execution, multiprogrammingthe execution of two or more computer programs by a single computer narrowinga decrease in width nitrogen cyclethe circulation of nitrogen; nitrates from the soil are absorbed by plants which are eaten by animals that die and decay returning the nitrogen back to the soil nitrogen fixationthe assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria nondevelopmentfailure of normal development to occur nuclear reaction(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei nutrition(physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance obsolescencethe process of becoming obsolete; falling into disuse or becoming out of date opacificationthe process of becoming cloudy or opaque organificationthe process of organ formation oscillationthe process of oscillating between states ossificationthe developmental process of bone formation ossificationthe process of becoming rigidly fixed in a conventional pattern of thought or behavior ovulationthe expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) oxidative phosphorylationan enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP oxygenationthe process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen pair creation, pair formation, pair productionthe transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus birth, birthing, giving birth, parturitionthe process of giving birth pathologic process, pathological processan organic process occurring as a consequence of disease perennationthe process of living through a number of years (as a perennial plant) phase change, phase transition, physical change, state changea change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition photomechanics, photoplate makingthe process whereby printing surfaces (plates or cylinders) are produced by photographic methods population growthincrease in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state powder method, powder photography, powder techniquea process for identifying minerals or crystals; a small rod is coated with a powdered form of the substance and subjected to suitably modified X-rays; the pattern of diffracted rings is used for identification precession of the equinoxesa slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation preservationa process that saves organic substances from decay proliferationa rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons) psychoanalytic processa process that is assumed to occur in psychoanalytic theory pullulationa rapid and abundant increase quellung, quellung reactionthe swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms quickeningthe process of showing signs of life radiography, skiagraphythe process of making a radiograph; producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light purification, refinement, refiningthe process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) regeneration(biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs regulation(embryology) the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered relaxation(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers releasea process that liberates or discharges something replication(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division reproductionthe process of generating offspring reabsorption, resorptionthe organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation ageing, aging, ripeningacquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time saltation(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface scanningthe process of translating photographs into a digital form that can be recognized by a computer scatteringthe physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions secernment, secretionthe organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance segregation(genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes sericultureraising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk shedding, sloughingthe process whereby something is shed sink(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system slippagea decrease of transmitted power in a mechanical system caused by slipping soak, soakage, soakingthe process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid) social processa process involved in the formation of groups of persons softeningthe process of becoming softer Solvay processan industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide sorptionthe process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption) source(technology) a process by which energy or a substance enters a system spirala continuously accelerating change in the economy rigidification, rigidifying, stiffeningthe process of becoming stiff or rigid stimulation(physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.) ecological succession, succession(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established summation(physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce supplyoffering goods and services for sale natural selection, selection, survival, survival of the fittesta natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment symphysisa growing together of parts or structures synapsisthe side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis synergism, synergythe working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects synezesis, synizesisthe contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosis temperature changea process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes transcription(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA transductionthe process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form transduction(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage translation(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm folding, protein foldingthe process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape translocation(genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts translocationthe transport of dissolved material within a plant transpirationthe emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants transpirationthe passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature tumefactionthe process of tumefying; the organic process whereby tissue becomes swollen by the accumulation of fluid within it ulcerationthe process of ulcer formation; the process of becoming ulcerated flowering, unfoldinga developmental process uptakea process of taking up or using up or consuming vascularisation, vascularizationthe organic process whereby body tissue becomes vascular and develops capillaries blistering, vesication, vesiculationthe formation of vesicles in or beneath the skin video digitizingthe process of capturing and converting and storing video images for use by a computer vitrificationthe process of becoming vitreous vulcanisation, vulcanizationprocess of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them wastagethe process of wasting broadening, wideningan increase in width macular degenerationeye disease caused by degeneration of the cells of the macula lutea and results in blurred vision; can cause blindness physical entity an entity that has physical existence |
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