| 单词 | physical phenomenon |
| 释义 | physical phenomenon (once / 15760 pages) n WORD FAMILY physical phenomenon: physical phenomena USAGE EXAMPLESSo scientists at Cern are searching for hints of new physical phenomena which could lead the way to a deeper understanding of the cosmos. BBC(Jul 05, 2016) They see soothsaying as a kind of physical phenomenon, related to either the circularity of time or to its illusoriness. The New Yorker(Oct 15, 2015) Since the 1990s4, theoretical physicists have tried to embody Turing’s work in idealized models of physical phenomena. Nature(Dec 08, 2015) n a natural phenomenon involving the physical properties of matter and energy Hypo|Hyper acoustic phenomenon a physical phenomenon associated with the production or transmission of sound atmospheric phenomenona physical phenomenon associated with the atmosphere boundary layerthe layer of slower flow of a fluid past a surface chaosthe formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos cloudany collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible decalescencephenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal electrical phenomenona physical phenomenon involving electricity electricitya physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons energyany source of usable power energy, free energy(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs power(physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second) eventa phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory field, field of force, force fieldthe space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it force(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity hysteresisthe lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field resonancean excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation mechanical phenomenona physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects opacitythe phenomenon of not permitting the passage of electromagnetic radiation optical phenomenona physical phenomenon related to or involving light force per unit area, pressure, pressure levelthe force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) reflection, reflexionthe phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface refractionthe change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another resolution, resolving powerthe ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together resolution(computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture conduction, conductivitythe transmission of heat or electricity or sound propagationthe movement of a wave through a medium fundamental interaction, interaction(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons surface tensiona phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces syzygythe straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system transparence, transparencypermitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation turbulence, turbulencyunstable flow of a liquid or gas chopthe irregular motion of waves (usually caused by wind blowing in a direction opposite to the tide) floatation, flotationthe phenomenon of floating (remaining on the surface of a liquid without sinking) countercurrent, crosscurrent, rip, riptide, tide ripa stretch of turbulent water in a river or the sea caused by one current flowing into or across another current clouda visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude coma(astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed nebulaan immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space aberration, distortion, optical aberrationan optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image absorption banda dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths activation energy, energy of activationthe energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur aerodynamic forceforces acting on airfoils in motion relative to the air (or other gaseous fluids) aerosola cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas affinity, chemical attractionthe force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule air hole, air pocket, pocketa local region of low pressure or descending air that causes a plane to lose height suddenly alternative energyenergy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment amperagethe strength of an electrical current measured in amperes atomic energy, nuclear energythe energy released by a nuclear reaction attraction, attractive forcethe force by which one object attracts another repulsion, repulsive forcethe force by which bodies repel one another auroraan atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force binding energy, separation energythe energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect blood pressurethe pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health capacitance, capacity, electrical capacityan electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored elastance, electrical elastancethe reciprocal of capacitance capillarity, capillary actiona phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries centrifugal forcethe outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body centripetal forcethe inward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body charge, electric chargethe quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons pyroelectricitygeneration of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature cohesion(physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid chemical energythat part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction Coriolis force(physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced cosmic dustclouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space dust clouda cloud of dust suspended in the air mushroom, mushroom cloud, mushroom-shaped clouda large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb) current, electric currenta flow of electricity through a conductor condensate, condensationatmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold diffractionwhen light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands drift, impetus, impulsiona force that moves something along electric power, electrical power, wattagethe product of voltage and current electric fielda field of force surrounding a charged particle dielectric heatingheating of an insulator by a high-frequency electric field galvanismelectricity produced by chemical action electrical energy, electricityenergy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor energy level, energy statea definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules rest energythe energy equivalent to the mass of a particle at rest in an inertial frame of reference; equal to the rest mass times the square of the speed of light work(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force flaream unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection) fringe, interference fringeone of the light or dark bands produced by the interference and diffraction of light front(meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses greenhouse effect, greenhouse warmingwarming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere; caused by atmospheric gases that allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the warmed surface of the earth inversionthe layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer storm, violent storma violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning gravitational fielda field of force surrounding a body of finite mass heat, heat energya form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature hydroelectricityelectricity produced by water power incidencethe striking of a light beam on a surface inductance, inductionan electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current inertia(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force interreflectionreciprocal reflection between two reflecting surfaces leverage, purchasethe mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever Lorentz forcethe force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field atmospheric electricityelectrical discharges in the atmosphere flux, magnetic field, magnetic fluxthe lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle radiation fielda field that represents the energy lost from the radiator to space nuclear resonancethe resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray magnetic resonanceresonance of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei to radiation frequencies as a result of space quantization in a magnetic field soundmechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium flight, trajectorythe path followed by an object moving through space mechanical energyenergy in a mechanical form midnight sunthe sun visible at midnight (inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles) momenta turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force) haloa circle of light around the sun or moon optical opacityopacity to light radio-opacity, radiopacityopacity to X-rays or other radiation optical illusionan optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression photoelectricityelectricity generated by light or affected by light piezo effect, piezoelectric effect, piezoelectricityelectricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal pleochroismthe phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions polarisation, polarizationthe phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration electric potential, potential, potential difference, potential drop, voltagethe difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts gas pressurethe pressure exerted by a gas headthe pressure exerted by a fluid hydrostatic headthe pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure IOP, intraocular pressurepressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor oil pressurepressure that keeps oil on the moving parts of an internal-combustion engine osmotic pressure(physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane corpuscular-radiation pressure, radiation pressurethe minute pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a wave instantaneous sound pressure, sound pressurethe difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point propulsiona propelling force pullthe force used in pulling push, thrustthe force used in pushing reaction(mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body radiant energyenergy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter radiationenergy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles birefringence, double refractionsplitting a ray into two parallel rays polarized perpendicularly resistanceany mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion conductancea material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance electric resistance, electrical resistance, impedance, ohmic resistance, resistance, resistivitya material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms reactanceopposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance) reluctance(physics) opposition to magnetic flux (analogous to electric resistance) meteor shower, meteor streama transient shower of meteors when a meteor swarm enters the earth's atmosphere skin effectthe tendency of high-frequency alternating current to distribute near the surface of a conductor distortiona change (usually undesired) in the waveform of an acoustic or analog electrical signal; the difference between two measurements of a signal (as between the input and output signal) acoustic projection, projection, sound projectionthe acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating quality electrical conductionthe passage of electricity through a conductor Doppler effect, Doppler shiftchange in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other red shift, redshift(astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding wave frontall the points just reached by a wave as it propagates electrical disturbanceelectrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters) static electricityelectricity produced by friction current electricity, dynamic electricitya flow of electric charge thermoelectricityelectricity produced by heat (as in a thermocouple) stress(physics) force that produces strain on a physical body electromagnetic interactionan interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons gravitational interactiona weak interaction between particles that results from their mass; mediated by gravitons color force, strong force, strong interaction(physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons weak force, weak interaction(physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons suctiona force over an area produced by a pressure difference sunriseatmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily appearance of the sun sunsetatmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily disappearance of the sun afterglowa glow sometimes seen in the sky after sunset interfacial surface tension, interfacial tensionsurface tension at the surface separating two non-miscible liquids torque, torsiona twisting force vapor pressure, vapour pressurethe pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form) virtual imagea reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror) electromotive force, emf, voltagethe rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts magnetomotive forcethe force that produces magnetic flux elan vital, life force, vital force, vitality(biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms waterpowerthe power to do work that is latent in a head of water atmospheric condition, conditions, weather, weather conditionthe atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation zodiacal lighta luminous tract in the sky; a reflection of sunlight from cosmic dust in the plane of the ecliptic; visible just before sunrise and just after sunset parallaxthe apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object Tyndall effectthe phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible; the scattered light is mainly blue natural phenomenon all phenomena that are not artificial |
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