Walesa speculated that Jaroslaw’s turn against the liberal post-Communist consensus arose from “an inferiority complex,” a massive chip on Kaczynski’s shoulder.

Until 1994, Freedom House, an influential democracy NGO, labeled Kazakhstan as "partially free," owing to its post-communist liberalization campaign.

But post-communist revenge killings have occasionally strayed from traditional rules and the male blood-line to include women, minors, multiple killings and the use of assassins.