| 单词 | abstraction |
| 释义 | abstraction (once / 987 pages) 1n 2n 3n 4n An abstraction is something nonspecific, a concept that isn't concrete. It can also refer to the state of mind in which a person is not paying attention to something but is lost in thought or daydreaming. Abstraction is the noun from the adjective abstract, which derives from the Latin abstrahere "to divert." From that, we can get the idea that an abstraction is something that is drawn away from concrete reality. In the art world, an abstraction is a painting or musical piece created in the style of expressionism, in which a subject is not realistically presented or even recognized, but rather is suggested by an emotional flow of paint or music. WORD FAMILYabstraction: abstractionism, abstractions, semi-abstraction+/abstract: abstracted, abstracter, abstracting, abstraction, abstractive, abstractly, abstractness, abstractor, abstracts, semiabstract/abstracted: abstractedly, abstractedness/abstractionism: abstractionist/abstractionist: abstractionists/abstractive: abstractively/abstractor: abstractors USAGE EXAMPLESShe was working in abstractions, writing briefs for people she would never meet. Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017) Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses. Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016) She limited herself to two or three colours, painting interlocking abstractions where ovals met rectangles and triangles and semicircles, often set within a circular whole. The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016) 1 1n the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances Syn|Hyper generalisation, generalization theorisation, theorization the production or use of theories 2n a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples Syn|Hypo|Hyper abstract entity psychological feature a feature of the mental life of a living organism attributean abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity group, groupingany number of entities (members) considered as a unit relationan abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together communicationsomething that is communicated by or to or between people or groups amount, measure, quantityhow much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify otherworldan abstract spiritual world beyond earthly reality set(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols cognition, knowledge, noesisthe psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning motivation, motive, needthe psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior statethe way something is with respect to its main attributes form, shapethe spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance timethe continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past infinite, spacethe unlimited expanse in which everything is located eventsomething that happens at a given place and time possessionanything owned or possessed social relationa relation between living organisms (especially between people) publicationthe communication of something to the public; making information generally known human beings, human race, humanity, humankind, humans, man, mankind, worldall of the living human inhabitants of the earth human naturethe shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings traita distinguishing feature of your personal nature character(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes thingany attribute or quality considered as having its own existence common denominatoran attribute that is common to all members of a category personalitythe complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual cheer, cheerfulness, sunniness, sunshinethe quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom uncheerfulnessnot conducive to cheer or good spirits ballastan attribute that tends to give stability in character and morals; something that steadies the mind or feelings ethos(anthropology) the distinctive spirit of a culture or an era eidos(anthropology) the distinctive expression of the cognitive or intellectual character of a culture or a social group qualityan essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone propertya basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class heritage, inheritanceany attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors position, spatial relationthe spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated chance, probabilitya measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible depththe attribute or quality of being deep, strong, or intense quantum(physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory) intervala set containing all points (or all real numbers) between two given endpoints group, mathematical groupa set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse messagea communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled contagion, infectionthe communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people language, linguistic communicationa systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols black and white, written communication, written languagecommunication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten) content, message, subject matter, substancewhat a communication that is about something is about didacticismcommunication that is suitable for or intended to be instructive sign, signal, signalingany nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message signa public display of a message indicant, indicationsomething that serves to indicate or suggest visual communicationcommunication that relies on vision displayexhibiting openly in public view expressive style, stylea way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period paralanguage, paralinguistic communicationthe use of manner of speaking to communicate particular meanings auditory communicationcommunication that relies on hearing phonation, vocalisation, vocalism, vocalization, voice, voxthe sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract anomalous communication, psychic communication, psychical communicationcommunication by paranormal means voicesomething suggestive of speech in being a medium of expression arrangementan orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging stragglea wandering or disorderly grouping (of things or persons) kingdoma basic group of natural objects biological groupa group of plants or animals biotic community, community(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other people(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively social grouppeople sharing some social relation accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, collectionseveral things grouped together or considered as a whole editionall of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time electron shella grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom ethnic group, ethnospeople of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture racepeople who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock association(ecology) a group of organisms (plants and animals) that live together in a certain geographical region and constitute a community with a few dominant species cloud, swarma group of many things in the air or on the ground domain, domain of a function(mathematics) the set of values of the independent variable for which a function is defined image, range, range of a function(mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined universal set(mathematics) the set that contains all the elements or objects involved in the problem under consideration locusthe set of all points or lines that satisfy or are determined by specific conditions subgroupa distinct and often subordinate group within a group subseta set whose members are members of another set; a set contained within another set null seta set that is empty; a set with no members Mandelbrot seta set of complex numbers that has a highly convoluted fractal boundary when plotted; the set of all points in the complex plane that are bounded under a certain mathematical iteration mathematical space, topological space(mathematics) any set of points that satisfy a set of postulates of some kind field(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 root, solutionthe set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation sainthoodsaints collectively citizenry, peoplethe body of citizens of a state or country populationa group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area hoi polloi, mass, masses, multitude, people, the great unwashedthe common people generally diagonal(mathematics) a set of entries in a square matrix running diagonally either from the upper left to lower right entry or running from the upper right to lower left entry varna(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis) circuit(law) a judicial division of a state or the United States (so-called because originally judges traveled and held court in different locations); one of the twelve groups of states in the United States that is covered by a particular circuit court of appeals scheme, systema group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole seriesa group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection ownershipthe relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others documenta written account of ownership or obligation economic value, valuethe amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else fundamental measure, fundamental quantityone of the four quantities that are the basis of systems of measurement definite quantitya specific measure of amount indefinite quantityan estimated quantity relative quantitya quantity relative to some purpose metric, system of measurementa system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic cordagethe amount of wood in an area as measured in cords octane number, octane ratinga measure of the antiknock properties of gasoline magnetisation, magnetizationthe extent or degree to which something is magnetized radical(mathematics) a quantity expressed as the root of another quantity volumethe amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object volumea relative amount proofa measure of alcoholic strength expressed as an integer twice the percentage of alcohol present (by volume) causalitythe relation between causes and effects human relationship, relationshipa relation between people; (`relationship' is often used where `relation' would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of `relationship' is for human relations or states of relatedness) functiona relation such that one thing is dependent on another associationa relation resulting from interaction or dependence logical relationa relation between propositions mathematical relationa relation between mathematical expressions (such as equality or inequality) foundationthe basis on which something is grounded connectedness, connection, connexiona relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it) unconnectednessthe lack of a connection between things linguistic relationa relation between linguistic forms or constituents component, component part, constituent, part, portionsomething determined in relation to something that includes it affinity, kinshipa close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character family relationship, kinship, relationship(anthropology) relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption magnitude relation, quantitative relationa relation between magnitudes controla relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another business relationa relation between different business enterprises reciprocality, reciprocitya relation of mutual dependence or action or influence interrelatedness, interrelation, interrelationshipmutual or reciprocal relation or relatedness temporal relationa relation involving time comparisonrelation based on similarities and differences oppositeness, oppositionthe relation between opposed entities changea relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event intersectiona point or set of points common to two or more geometric configurations actinide, actinoid, actinonany of a series of radioactive elements with atomic numbers 89 through 103 lanthanide, lanthanoid, lanthanon, rare earth, rare-earth elementany element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71) halogenany of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions time unit, unit of timea unit for measuring time periods point, point in timean instant of time period of play, play, playing period(in games or plays or other performances) the time during which play proceeds interval, time intervala definite length of time marked off by two instants entity that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) 3n a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance 2Syn|Hypo|Hyper abstract right an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature absolutesomething that is conceived or that exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative teachera personified abstraction that teaches thinga special abstraction accessthe right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership) advowsonthe right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice cabotagethe exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders claim, titlean informal right to something duethat which is deserved or owed access, accession, admission, admittance, entreethe right to enter floorthe parliamentary right to address an assembly granta right or privilege that has been granted human right(law) any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law) legal righta right based in law pre-emption, preemptionthe right to purchase something in advance of others exclusive right, perquisite, prerogative, privilegea right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right) privilege(law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship representationthe right of being represented by delegates who have a voice in some legislative body right of actionthe legal right to sue right of searchthe right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them right of waythe right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another states' rightsthe rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution voting rightthe right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company riparian right, water rightright of access to water concept, conception, construct an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances n the act of withdrawing or removing something 3Hyper remotion, removal the act of removing n preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else 4Syn|Hypo|Hyper abstractedness reverie, revery an abstracted state of absorption dreama state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality brown studya state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness absorption, engrossment, preoccupancy, preoccupation the mental state of being preoccupied by something n an abstract painting Hyper painting, picture graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface |
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