In a campaign speech in September, Mr Purnama said Islamic groups who were using a Koranic verse to discourage support for him were deceiving voters.

On trips abroad, the Koranic reciter would allegedly lure Islam’s equivalent of choirboys, some as young as 12, to his hotel room.

Around his neck, like some of his soldiers, he wears a religious icon, an amulet etched with a Koranic verse about combating evil.