Sorting the particles into clusters of eight and 10, Dr. Gell-Mann came up with a framework he called the Eightfold Way.

In absolute terms, its nuclear generation capacity will have increased eightfold over the same period, to 750 billion kilowatt-hours a year, roughly America’s current level.

Its 2003 and 2006 venture funds have both risen eightfold net of fees, according to a person familiar with the matter.