| 单词 | disorder |
| 释义 | disorder (once / 228 pages) nv Disorder is a lack of order — in other words, chaos, clutter, and general disarray. If everyone in your class is yelling and throwing things, there's no order: there's disorder. If all the library books are out of order and thrown sloppily on the shelf, that's disorder, too. If you mess or mix something up, you're disordering it. Many medical conditions and diseases are also called disorders, like post-traumatic stress disorder. Whenever there's disorder, something is wrong or out of whack. WORD FAMILYdisorder: disordered, disordering, disorderly, disorders+/disordered: disorderedly/disorderly: disorderliness/order: disorder, ordered, orderer, ordering, orderly, orders, reorder, suborder, superorder/ordered: unordered/orderer: orderers/ordering: orderings/orderly: orderlies, orderliness/reorder: reordered, reordering, reorders/suborder: suborders USAGE EXAMPLESThere is robust scientific evidence demonstrating the value of the method in coping with O.C.D., phobias, and other anxiety disorders. The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017) One marcher in the crowd held a sign calling Fisher, who spoke openly about her struggles with bipolar disorder, a mental health advocate. The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016) “I was admitted into the McCallum place on May 9th for eating disorders.” Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016) 1n a condition in which things are not in their expected places the files are in complete disorder Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper disorderliness order, orderliness a condition of regular or proper arrangement shambles a condition of great disorder untidinessthe condition of being untidy mess, messiness, muss, mussinessa state of confusion and disorderliness disarrangement, disorganisation, disorganizationa condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted clutter, fuddle, jumble, mare's nest, muddle, smother, weltera confused multitude of things sloppiness, slovenliness, unkemptnessa lack of order and tidiness; not cared for rummagea jumble of things to be given away condition, status a state at a particular time 2n a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder Syn|Hypo|Hyper upset immunological disorder a disorder of the immune system functional disorderdisorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified organic disorderdisorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ abocclusionthe condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting abruptio placentaea disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus achlorhydriaan abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach acholia, cholestasisa condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed achylia, achylia gastricaabsence of gastric juices (partial or complete) acute brain disorder, acute organic brain syndromeany disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection) ailment, complaint, illan often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining eating disordera disorder of the normal eating routine bladder disordera disorder of the urinary bladder cardiovascular diseasea disease of the heart or blood vessels celiac diseasea disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance cheilosis, perlechea disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin chokinga condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx) colpoxerosisa condition in which the vagina is unusually dry degenerative disordercondition leading to progressive loss of function dysaphiaa disorder in the sense of touch dysosmia, olfactory impairment, parosamiaa disorder in the sense of smell dysphagiacondition in which swallowing is difficult or painful dysuriapainful or difficult urination failureloss of ability to function normally fantodsan ill-defined state of irritability and distress adenosis, gland disease, glandular disease, glandular disordera disorder of the glands of the body hyperactivitya condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement impacted tooth, impactiona disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally impactiona disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon learning disability, learning disordera disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills malocclusion(dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally idiopathic disease, idiopathic disorder, idiopathyany disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause disturbance, folie, mental disorder, mental disturbance, psychological disorder(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness metabolic disordera disorder or defect of metabolism nervous disorder, neurological disease, neurological disordera disorder of the nervous system hydroceledisorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum) sleep disordera disturbance of the normal sleep pattern strangulationthe condition of having respiration stopped by compression of the air passage haematocolpometra, hematocolpometraaccumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus haematocolpos, hematocolposaccumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen) defect of speech, speech defect, speech disordera disorder of oral speech psilosis, sprue, tropical spruea chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and non-tropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation immunodeficiencyimmunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced immunosuppressionlowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer) hypersomniaan inability to stay awake insomniaan inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness pavor nocturnus, sleep terror disordera disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep anorexiaa prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite picaan eating disorder, frequent in children, in which non-nutritional objects are eaten persistently binge-purge syndrome, binge-vomit syndrome, bulima nervosa, bulimarexiaa disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting binge-eating syndrome, bulimiaa disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation demyelinationloss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function dystrophyany degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition overbite(dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth hyperparathyroidismexcessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis) hypoparathyroidisminadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood hyperpituitarismexcessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone) Asperger's syndromea psychiatric disorder usually noted during early school years; characterized by impaired social relations and by repetitive patterns of behavior alcaptonuria, alkaptonuriaa rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine brain damageinjury to the brain that impairs its functions (especially permanently); can be caused by trauma to the head, infection, hemorrhage, inadequate oxygen, genetic abnormality, etc. brain disease, brain disorder, encephalopathyany disorder or disease of the brain ataxia, ataxy, dyssynergia, motor ataxiainability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait atopognosia, atopognosisabsence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch dyskinesiaabnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements MS, disseminated multiple sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, multiple sclerosisa chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers Parkinson's, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's syndrome, Parkinsonism, paralysis agitans, shaking palsya degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination choreaany of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs flaccid paralysisweakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles dyscalculiaimpaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics dysgraphiaimpaired ability to learn to write dyslexiaimpaired ability to learn to read anarthriapartial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system cardiopathy, heart diseasea disease of the heart high blood pressure, hypertensiona common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater) hypotensionabnormally low blood pressure ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosisthickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs aneurism, aneurysma cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall athetosisa continuous succession of slow, writhing, involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts kurua progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned nerve compressionharmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness circulatory failurefailure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues coronary failure, heart failureinability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions kidney failure, renal failureinability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance Addison's disease, Addison's syndrome, hypoadrenalism, hypoadrenocorticisma glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin adenopathya glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands) aldosteronism, hyperaldosteronisma condition caused by overproduction of aldosterone Cushing's disease, hyperadrenalisma glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity Cushing's syndrome, hyperadrenocorticisma glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosisan overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones hypothyroidisman underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones anergyreduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen inborn error of metabolismany of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism lipidosisa disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body lysine intolerancea disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine pipa minor nonspecific ailment kinetosis, motion sicknessthe state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle hyperlipoproteinemiaany of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood hypolipoproteinemiaany of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood sleep apneaapnea that occurs during sleep anxiety disordera cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom psychosomatic disordera mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms aberrationa disorder in one's mental state conversion disorder, conversion hysteria, conversion reactiona mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause) deliriuma usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations delusional disorderany mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role encopresisinvoluntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness folie a deuxthe simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife) personality disorderinflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior affective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance, major affective disorderany mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant schizothymiaresembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality neurosis, neuroticism, psychoneurosisa mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction aphonia, voicelessnessa disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice flaccid bladdera urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily neurogenic bladdera urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system spastic bladdera urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine cataphasiaa speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession dysarthriaimpaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature dyslogiaimpaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeblemindedness or certain psychoses) dysphoniaspeech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation lallationdefective articulation of the `l' phoneme or the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l' lambdacismspeech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l' lispa speech defect that involves pronouncing `s' like voiceless `th' and `z' like voiced `th' stammer, stuttera speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds dissociative disorderdissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down physical condition, physiological condition, physiological state the condition or state of the body or bodily functions 3n a disturbance of the peace or of public order Ant|Hypo|Hyper order established customary state (especially of society) anarchy, lawlessness a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) instabilityan unstable order confusiondisorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably riot, riotinga state of disorder involving group violence disorderliness, roughness, rowdiness, rowdyismrowdy behavior commotion, disruption, disturbance, flutter, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, hurly burly, kerfuffle, to-doa disorderly outburst or tumult discord, strifelack of agreement or harmony Sturm und Drang, turbulence, upheavala state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) nihilismcomplete denial of all established authority and institutions demoralisation, demoralizationa state of disorder and confusion blusternoisy confusion and turbulence bedlam, chaos, pandemonium, topsy-turvydom, topsy-turvynessa state of extreme confusion and disorder hugger-muggera state of confusion schemozzle, shemozzle(Yiddish) a confused situation or affair; a mess convulsion, turmoil, upheavala violent disturbance earthquakea disturbance that is extremely disruptive incidenta public disturbance splash, stira prominent or sensational but short-lived news event storm, tempesta violent commotion or disturbance storm center, storm centrea center of trouble or disturbance garboil, tumult, tumultuousness, uproara state of commotion and noise and confusion agitation, ferment, fermentation, tempestuousness, unresta state of agitation or turbulent change or development roller coasteranything characterized by abrupt and extreme changes (especially up and down) violencea turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc. state the way something is with respect to its main attributes 4v bring disorder to Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper disarray order bring order to or into mess, mess up make a mess of or create disorder in derange, perturb, throw out of kilterthrow into great confusion or disorder disarrangedisturb the arrangement of jumble, scramble, throw togetherbring into random order randomise, randomizearrange in random order tumblethrow together in a confused mass alter, change, modify cause to change; make different; cause a transformation 5v disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed Syn|Hypo|Hyper cark, disquiet, distract, perturb, trouble, unhinge vex, worry disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress misgivesuggest fear or doubt eat, eat onworry or cause anxiety in a persistent way nagworry persistently disturb, trouble, upset move deeply |
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