| 单词 | discipline |
| 释义 | discipline (once / 177 pages) nv When you have discipline, you have self-control. When you discipline children, you are either teaching them to be well-behaved, or you are punishing and correcting them. The origins of this word offer great clues about its current meanings. The Old French descepline referred to punishment and suffering. The Latin disciplina meant "teaching, learning." The Old English version referred to a branch of knowledge or field of study (so if you're really good at word origins, you might want to make etymology your discipline). Developing discipline as a form of training is a military concept that's more than 500 years old. WORD FAMILYdiscipline: disciplinarian, disciplinary, disciplined, disciplines, disciplining, indiscipline, self-discipline, undiscipline+/disciplinarian: disciplinarians/disciplinary: disciplinarily, interdisciplinary/disciplined: self-disciplined, undisciplined/indiscipline: indisciplines USAGE EXAMPLES“The players are off. They are not working,” McAdoo said when asked if they would be disciplined. Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017) But he downplayed his contribution to Shiffrin’s improvement in the discipline, which was underlined by her back-to-back GS wins last week. Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017) For only that brief 30 minutes you must be disciplined. New York Times(Oct 18, 2016) 1n a system of rules of conduct or method of practice he quickly learned the discipline of prison routine for such a plan to work requires discipline Hyper system, system of rules a complex of methods or rules governing behavior 2n a branch of knowledge in what discipline is his doctorate? Syn|Hypo|Hyper bailiwick, field, field of study, study, subject, subject area, subject field occultism the study of the supernatural communication theory, communicationsthe discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.) majorthe principal field of study of a student at a university frontieran undeveloped field of study; a topic inviting research and development genealogythe study or investigation of ancestry and family history allometrythe study of the relative growth of a part of an organism in relation to the growth of the whole biblioticsthe scientific study of documents and handwriting etc. especially to determine authorship or authenticity ologyan informal word (abstracted from words with this ending) for some unidentified branch of knowledge science, scientific disciplinea particular branch of scientific knowledge architecturethe discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings applied science, engineering, engineering science, technologythe discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems futuristics, futurologythe study or prediction of future developments on the basis of existing conditions arts, humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal artsstudies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills) divinity, theologythe rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth military sciencethe discipline dealing with the principles of warfare escapologythe study of methods of escaping (especially as a form of entertainment) graphologythe study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition) numerologythe study of the supposed occult influence of numbers on human affairs protologythe study of origins and first things theogonythe study of the origins and genealogy of the gods natural historythe scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journals symbologythe study or the use of symbols and symbolism natural sciencethe sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena math, mathematics, mathsa science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement agronomy, scientific agriculturethe application of soil and plant sciences to land management and crop production agrobiologythe study of plant nutrition and growth especially as a way to increase crop yield agrologyscience of soils in relation to crops architectonics, tectonicsthe science of architecture landscape architecturethe branch of architecture dealing with the arrangement of land and buildings for human use and enjoyment urban planningthe branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and activities interior designthe branch of architecture dealing with the selection and organization of furnishings for an architectural interior metallurgythe science and technology of metals aeronautical engineeringthe branch of engineering science concerned with the design and construction of aircraft bionicsapplication of biological principles to the study and design of engineering systems (especially electronic systems) bioengineering, biotechnology, ergonomicsthe branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments chemical engineeringthe branch of engineering that is concerned with the design and construction and operation of the plants and machinery used in industrial chemical processes civil engineeringthe branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of such public works as dams or bridges EE, electrical engineeringthe branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication computer science, computingthe branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures architectural engineeringthe branch of engineering that deals with the construction of buildings (as distinguished from architecture as a design art) industrial engineering, industrial managementthe branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways IT, information technologythe branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information mechanical engineeringthe branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of machinery nanotechnologythe branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules) nuclear engineeringthe branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction and operation of nuclear reactors naval engineeringthe branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of ships rocketrythe branch of engineering science that studies rocket design and operation metrologythe scientific study of measurement nutritionthe scientific study of food and drink (especially in humans) psychological science, psychologythe science of mental life IP, informatics, information processing, information sciencethe sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information cognitive sciencethe field of science concerned with cognition; includes parts of cognitive psychology and linguistics and computer science and cognitive neuroscience and philosophy of mind social sciencethe branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a society strategicsthe science or art of strategy systematicsthe science of systematic classification thanatologythe branch of science that studies death (especially its social and psychological aspects) neoclassicismrevival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation classicalism, classicisma movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms Romantic Movement, Romanticisma movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization Englishthe discipline that studies the English language and literature historythe discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings art historythe academic discipline that studies the development of painting and sculpture chronologythe determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events beaux arts, fine artsthe study and creation of visual works of art performing artsarts or skills that require public performance Occidentalismthe scholarly knowledge of western cultures and languages and people Oriental Studies, Orientalismthe scholarly knowledge of Asian cultures and languages and people philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics literary studythe humanistic study of literature library sciencethe study of the principles and practices of library administration linguistics, philologythe humanistic study of language and literature musicologythe scholarly and scientific study of music Sinologythe study of Chinese history and language and culture stemmatics, stemmatologythe humanistic discipline that attempts to reconstruct the transmission of a text (especially a text in manuscript form) on the basis of relations between the various surviving manuscripts (sometimes using cladistic analysis) trivium(Middle Ages) an introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving grammar and logic and rhetoric; considered to be a triple way to eloquence quadrivium(Middle Ages) a higher division of the curriculum in a medieval university involving arithmetic and music and geometry and astronomy cryptanalysis, cryptanalytics, cryptography, cryptologythe science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms linguisticsthe scientific study of language angelologythe branch of theology that is concerned with angels apologeticsthe branch of theology that is concerned with the defense of Christian doctrines ecclesiologythe branch of theology concerned with the nature and the constitution and the functions of a church eschatologythe branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death and Last Judgment; Heaven and Hell; the ultimate destiny of humankind hermeneuticsthe branch of theology that deals with principles of exegesis homileticsthe branch of theology that deals with sermons and homilies liturgics, liturgiologythe study of liturgies theodicythe branch of theology that defends God's goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil tacticsthe branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy strategythe branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war domain, knowledge base, knowledge domain the content of a particular field of knowledge 3n training to improve strength or self-control Hyper grooming, preparation, training activity leading to skilled behavior 4n the trait of being well behaved he insisted on discipline among the troops Ant|Hypo|Hyper indiscipline, undiscipline the trait of lacking discipline self-denial, self-discipline the trait of practicing self discipline control, restraintdiscipline in personal and social activities asceticism, austerity, nonindulgencethe trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures) abstention, abstinencethe trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol) continence, continencythe exercise of self constraint in sexual matters self-restraint, temperatenessexhibiting restraint imposed on the self moderation, temperancethe trait of avoiding excesses inhibitionthe quality of being inhibited continencevoluntary control over urinary and fecal discharge trait a distinguishing feature of your personal nature 5n the act of punishing the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received Syn|Hypo|Hyper correction spanking the act of slapping on the buttocks penalisation, penalization, penalty, punishment, sanction the act of punishing 6v develop behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control Parents must discipline their children Syn|Hypo|Hyper check, condition, train groom, prepare, train educate for a future role or function mortify practice self-denial of one's body and appetites develop, make grow cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development 7v punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently Syn|Hyper correct, sort out penalise, penalize, punish, sanction impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on |
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