| 单词 | dirt |
| 释义 | dirt (once / 153 pages) nadj Dirt is earth or soil — it's the substance that makes up the dry surfaces of our planet. Gardeners spend a lot of time digging in the dirt, planting seeds and pulling up weeds. Dirt is the fine rock that makes up soil, but it also means anything unclean: "Do something about the dust and dirt in this room before our guests arrive!" When you know something embarrassing about another person, especially juicy gossip, you can call that information dirt as well — this meaning was coined by Ernest Hemingway in 1926. The word comes from the Old English drytt, "mud, dirt, or dung." WORD FAMILYdirt: dirts, dirty+/dirty: dirtied, dirtier, dirties, dirtiest, dirtily, dirtiness, dirtying USAGE EXAMPLESAs the front lines shift, the fighters leave mines in their wake, burying them in the shallow dirt and hiding them in empty buildings. BBC(Dec 01, 2016) Off a dirt road, in a small village north of Tirana, there's a half-built, tumble-down, brick house. BBC(Nov 30, 2016) “They sit outside and collect dirt,” said Grey. Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016) 1n the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock Syn|Hypo|Hyper soil marl a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime regosola type of soil consisting of unconsolidated material from freshly deposited alluvium or sand residual clay, residual soilthe soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved surface soil, topsoilthe layer of soil on the surface subsoil, undersoilthe layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock alluvial soila fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds bog soilpoorly drained soils on top of peat and under marsh or swamp vegetation claya very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired clunchhardened clay desert soil, desertic soila type of soil that develops in arid climates caliche, hardpancrust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions fuller's earthan absorbent soil resembling clay; used in fulling (shrinking and thickening) woolen cloth and as an adsorbent gilgai soilsoil in the melon holes of Australia gumbo, gumbo soilany of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water humuspartially decomposed organic matter; the organic component of soil indurated clayhardened clay Indian reda red soil containing ferric oxide; often used as a pigment lateritea red soil produced by rock decay; contains insoluble deposits of ferric and aluminum oxides loama rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials loessa fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind mold, mouldloose soil rich in organic matter clay, mudwater soaked soil; soft wet earth bolea soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment) podsol, podsol soil, podsolic soil, podzol, podzol soila soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation; an organic mat over a grey leached layer prairie soila type of soil occurring under grasses in temperate climates sanda loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral sedimentary clayclay soil formed by sedimentary deposits siltmud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake boulder clay, tillunstratified soil deposited by a glacier; consists of sand and clay and gravel and boulders mixed together tundra soila black mucky soil with a frozen subsoil that is characteristic of Arctic and subarctic regions wiesenbodena dark meadow soil rich in organic material; developed through poor drainage in humid grassy or sedge regions adobethe clay from which adobe bricks are made argila white clay (especially a white clay used by potters) china clay, china stone, kaolin, kaoline, porcelain clay, terra albaa fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper) red clayclay whose redness results from iron oxide regur, regur soila rich black loam of India bleaching clay, bleaching earthan adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils mud piea mass of mud that a child has molded into the shape of pie chernozemic soila rich black loam of Russia pipeclay, terra albafine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather bentonitean absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash fireclaya heat-resistant clay Kitty Littergranulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog potter's clay, potter's earthclay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling daubmaterial used to daub walls leaf mold, leaf mould, leaf soilsoil composed mainly of decaying leaves mire, slopdeep soft mud in water or slush earth, ground the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface 2n the state of being covered with unclean things Syn|Hyper filth, grease, grime, grunge, soil, stain dirtiness, uncleanness the state of being unsanitary 3n disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people Syn|Hyper malicious gossip, scandal comment, gossip, scuttlebutt a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people 4n obscene terms for feces Hyper BM, dejection, faecal matter, faeces, fecal matter, feces, ordure, stool solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels 5adj (of roads) not leveled or drained; unsuitable for all year travel Syn ungraded unimproved not made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially not made ready for use or marketing |
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