| 单词 | instrument |
| 释义 | instrument (once / 104 pages) 1nv 2nv An instrument is usually a tool for making music, like a piano or a guitar, but it can also be used for almost any kind of tool or thing you use to get something done. A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. A violin is an instrument used for making music. Recent economic woes were blamed on the abuse of certain financial instruments, which is just a fancy way of saying "deals." Your eye is a very sensitive light-collecting instrument, though you'll need a man-made instrument, like an X-ray telescope, if you want to see light outside of the visible spectrum. WORD FAMILYinstrument: instrumental, instrumentalist, instrumentation, instrumented, instruments+/instrumental: instrumentalism, instrumentality, instrumentally/instrumentalist: instrumentalists/instrumentality: instrumentalities/instrumentation: instrumentations USAGE EXAMPLESMeet the instruments of bigotry in America today. Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) Several curious children stopped by to see the instrument up close, and Vaughn was happy to oblige. Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017) The program is free for all students, and they receive free dance attire, shoes, costuming, performance attire and musical instruments. Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017) 1 1n the means whereby some act is accomplished my greed was the instrument of my destruction Syn|Hyper tool agency, means, way how a result is obtained or an end is achieved 2n a person used by another to gain an end Syn|Hyper cat's-paw, pawn assistant, help, helper, supporter a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose 3n a device that requires skill for proper use Exp|Hypo|Hyper Big Ben clock in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, London Excaliburthe legendary sword of King Arthur analyser, analyzer an instrument that performs analyses cauterant, cauteryan instrument or substance used to destroy tissue for medical reasons (eg removal of a wart) by burning it with a hot iron or an electric current or a caustic or by freezing it drafting instrumentan instrument used by a draftsman in making drawings enginean instrument or machine that is used in warfare, such as a battering ram, catapult, artillery piece, etc. extractoran instrument for extracting tight-fitting components instrument of executionan instrument designed and used to take the life of a condemned person instrument of punishmentan instrument designed and used to punish a condemned person measuring device, measuring instrument, measuring systeminstrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something medical instrumentinstrument used in the practice of medicine navigational instrumentan instrument used for navigating optical instrumentan instrument designed to aid vision plotteran instrument (usually driven by a computer) for drawing graphs or pictures scientific instrumentan instrument used by scientists sonographan instrument that uses the differential transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves in order to provide an image of a bodily organ surveying instrument, surveyor's instrumentan instrument used by surveyors traceran instrument used to make tracings arm, weapon, weapon systemany instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting whipan instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping accelerator, atom smasher, particle acceleratora scientific instrument that increases the kinetic energy of charged particles accelerometeran instrument for measuring the acceleration of aircraft or rockets actinometeran instrument for measuring the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (usually by the photochemical effect) algometerdevice for measuring pain caused by pressure alidad, alidadesurveying instrument used with a plane table for drawing lines of sight on a distant object and for measuring angles alidad, alidadesurveying instrument consisting of the upper movable part of a theodolite including the telescope and its attachments altazimuthan instrument that measures the altitude and azimuth of celestial bodies; used in navigation altimeteran instrument that measures the height above ground; used in navigation artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizona navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; it artificially provides a simulated horizon for the pilot atmometer, evaporometeran instrument that measures rate of evaporation of water audiometer, sonometeran instrument used to measure the sensitivity of hearing ballistocardiograph, cardiographa medical instrument that measures the mechanical force of cardiac contractions and the amount of blood passing through the heart during a specified period by measuring the recoil of the body as blood is pumped from the ventricles barometeran instrument that measures atmospheric pressure bathometer, bathymeteran instrument that measures the depth of water battering rama ram used to break down doors of fortified buildings binoculars, field glasses, opera glassesan optical instrument designed for simultaneous use by both eyes bolometeran instrument that measures heat radiation; extremely sensitive bowa weapon for shooting arrows, composed of a curved piece of resilient wood with a taut cord to propel the arrow bow and arrowa weapon consisting of arrows and the bow to shoot them brass knuckles, brass knucks, knuckle duster, knuckles, knucksa small metal weapon; worn over the knuckles on the back of the hand bronchoscopea slender tubular instrument used to examine the bronchial tubes buret, burettemeasuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube with a tap at the bottom; used for titration caliper, calliperan instrument for measuring the distance between two points (often used in the plural) calorimetera measuring instrument that determines quantities of heat canguean instrument of punishment formerly used in China for petty criminals; consists of a heavy wooden collar enclosing the neck and arms cardiograph, electrocardiographmedical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart arbalest, arbalist, ballista, bricole, catapult, mangonel, onager, trebuchet, trebucketan engine that provided medieval artillery used during sieges; a heavy war engine for hurling large stones and other missiles cat, cat-o'-nine-tailsa whip with nine knotted cords chronoscopean instrument for accurate measurements of small intervals of time clinometer, inclinometeran instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation colorimeter, tintometera measuring instrument used in colorimetric analysis to determine the quantity of a substance from the color it yields with specific reagents compassnavigational instrument for finding directions compassdrafting instrument used for drawing circles consolea scientific instrument consisting of displays and an input device that an operator can use to monitor and control a system (especially a computer system) counter tubea measuring instrument for counting individual ionizing events cowhidea heavy flexible whip braided from leather made from the hide of a cow craniometeran instrument for measuring skull sizes cryocauteryan instrument for destroying tissue by freezing it cryoscopea measuring instrument for measuring freezing and melting points cucking stool, ducking stoolan instrument of punishment consisting of a chair in which offenders were ducked in water declinometer, transit declinometeran instrument for measuring magnetic declination densimeter, densitometera measuring instrument for determining density or specific gravity densitometera measuring instrument for determining optical or photographic density depth findernavigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) dialysis machine, dialyzera medical instrument for separating substances in solution by unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes diathermy machinea medical instrument for local heating of bodily tissues for medical purposes dividera drafting instrument resembling a compass that is used for dividing lines into equal segments or for transferring measurements dosemeter, dosimetera measuring instrument for measuring doses of ionizing radiation (X-rays or radioactivity) dynamometer, ergometermeasuring instrument designed to measure power echocardiographa sonograph that creates an image of the heart and its abnormalities echoencephalographa sonograph that creates an image of the brain and its abnormalities chair, death chair, electric chair, hot seatan instrument of execution by electrocution; resembles an ordinary seat for one person electrodynamometermeasuring instrument that uses the interaction of the magnetic fields of two coils to measure current or voltage or power electroencephalographmedical instrument that records electric currents generated by the brain electromyographa medical instrument that records the electrical waves associated with the activity of skeletal muscles electroscopemeasuring instrument that detects electric charge; two gold leaves diverge owing to repulsion of charges with like sign endoscopea long slender medical instrument for examining the interior of a bodily organ or performing minor surgery esophagoscope, oesophagoscopean optical instrument for examining the inside of the esophagus eudiometermeasuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube for measuring volume changes in chemical reactions between gases fiberscopea flexible medical instrument involving fiber optics that is used to examine internal organs fire shipa weapon consisting of a ship carrying explosives that is set adrift to destroy enemy ships flamethrowera weapon that squirts ignited fuel for several yards forcepsan extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies) gallowsan instrument of execution consisting of a wooden frame from which a condemned person is executed by hanging garotte, garrote, garrotte, iron collaran instrument of execution for execution by strangulation death chamber, gas chamberinstrument of execution consisting of a sealed chamber into which poison gas is introduced; used to kill people or animals gage, gaugea measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc. graduatea measuring instrument for measuring fluid volume; a glass container (cup or cylinder or flask) whose sides are marked with or divided into amounts gravimeter, gravity metera measuring instrument for measuring variations in the gravitational field of the earth guillotineinstrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles; used for beheading people guna weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel) heliometeran instrument used to measure the angular separation of two stars that are too far apart to be included in the field of view of an ordinary telescope haematocrit, hematocrita measuring instrument to determine (usually by centrifugation) the relative amounts of corpuscles and plasma in the blood hodoscope(physics) scientific instrument that traces the path of a charged particle horsewhipa whip for controlling horses gravimeter, hydrometera measuring instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid or solid hygrometermeasuring instrument for measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere dip circle, inclinometera measuring instrument for measuring the angle of magnetic dip (as from an airplane) inclinometeran instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instrument of torturean instrument of punishment designed and used to inflict torture on the condemned person integrator, planimetera measuring instrument for measuring the area of an irregular plane figure interferometerany measuring instrument that uses interference patterns to make accurate measurements of waves ionization chamber, ionization tubea measuring instrument that measures the amount of ionizing radiation jeweler's glassan optical instrument used by jewelers; has one or more lenses and is used to view features not readily seen katharometermeasures thermal conductivity keratoscopemedical instrument to examine the cornea in order to detect irregularities in its anterior surface kicksorter, pulse height analyzerscientific instrument consisting of an electronic circuit that permits only voltage pulses of predetermined height to pass knifea weapon with a handle and blade with a sharp point knouta whip with a lash of leather thongs twisted with wire; used for flogging prisoners Kundt's tubea measuring instrument used to measure the speed of sound cymograph, kymographscientific instrument consisting of a rotating drum holding paper on which a stylus traces a continuous record (as of breathing or blood pressure) laryngoscopea medical instrument for examining the larynx lidara measuring system that detects and locates objects on the same principle as radar but uses light from a laser; a potential technology for detecting air turbulence that can affect aircraft light arma rifle or pistol logmeasuring instrument that consists of a float that trails from a ship by a knotted line in order to measure the ship's speed through the water magnetographa scientific instrument that registers magnetic variations (especially variations of the earth's magnetic field) magnifiera scientific instrument that magnifies an image measure, measuring rod, measuring stickmeasuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements meterany of various measuring instruments for measuring a quantity microtomescientific instrument that cuts thin slices of something for microscopic examination missilea rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control nephoscopea measuring instrument that uses a grid for measuring the altitude, direction, and velocity of movement of clouds octanta measuring instrument for measuring angles to a celestial body; similar to a sextant but with 45 degree calibration ophthalmoscopemedical instrument for examining the retina of the eye auriscope, auroscope, otoscopemedical instrument consisting of a magnifying lens and light; used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane) oximetera measuring instrument that measures the oxygen in arterial blood paddlean instrument of punishment consisting of a flat board pedometermeasuring instrument for recording the number of steps taken in walking pelvimetermeasuring instrument for performing pelvimetry periscopean optical instrument that provides a view of an otherwise obstructed field photometermeasuring instrument for measuring the luminous intensity of a source by comparing it (visually or photoelectrically) with a standard source piezometera measuring instrument for measuring high pressures pikemedieval weapon consisting of a spearhead attached to a long pole or pikestaff; superseded by the bayonet pillorya wooden instrument of punishment on a post with holes for the wrists and neck; offenders were locked in and so exposed to public scorn pipet, pipettemeasuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube used to measure or transfer precise volumes of a liquid by drawing the liquid up into the tube Pitot head, Pitot tube, Pitot-static tubemeasuring instrument consisting of a combined Pitot tube and static tube that measures total and static pressure; used in aircraft to measure airspeed Pitot, Pitot tubemeasuring instrument consisting of a right-angled tube with an open end that is directed in opposition to the flow of a fluid and used to measure the velocity of fluid flow plane tablesurveying instrument consisting of a drawing board and a ruler that are mounted on a tripod; used to sight and map topographical details plethysmographa measuring instrument for measuring changes in volume of a part or organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood it contains) polygrapha medical instrument that records several physiological processes simultaneously (e.g., pulse rate and blood pressure and respiration and perspiration) potentiometera measuring instrument for measuring direct current electromotive forces missile, projectilea weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-propelled projectoran optical instrument that projects an enlarged image onto a screen protractordrafting instrument used to draw or measure angles quadranta measuring instrument for measuring altitude of heavenly bodies quirtwhip with a leather thong at the end microwave radar, radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocationmeasuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects range finder, rangefindera measuring instrument (acoustic or optical or electronic) for finding the distance of an object flagpole, range pole, ranging polesurveying instrument consisting of a straight rod painted in bands of alternate red and white each one foot wide; used for sightings by surveyors refractometermeasuring instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance rheometeran instrument for measuring the flow of liquids (especially arterial blood) rhinoscopemedical instrument consisting of a mirror mounted at an angle on a rod; used to examine the nasal passages (through the nasopharynx) hunting crop, riding cropa short whip with a thong at the end and a handle for opening gates scale, weighing machinea measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass sclerometera measuring instrument that measures the hardness of materials by penetrating them with a stylus that has a diamond point flagellum, scourgea whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor) searing irona hot iron used to destroy tissue sectormeasuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end seismographa measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake) sensitometera measuring instrument for measuring the light sensitivity of film over a range of exposures sextanta measuring instrument for measuring the angular distance between celestial objects; resembles an octant sightsan optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument slashera weapon (a sword or dagger) used for slashing slinga simple weapon consisting of a looped strap in which a projectile is whirled and then released asdic, echo sounder, sonara measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return lance, shaft, speara long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon eyeglasses, glasses, specs, spectaclesoptical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision prism spectroscope, spectroscopean optical instrument for spectrographic analysis speculuma medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior spherometera measuring instrument for measuring the curvature of a surface spirographa measuring instrument for recording the depth and rapidity of breathing movements spirometera measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs stakeinstrument of execution consisting of a vertical post that a victim is tied to for burning static tubea measuring instrument used to measure static pressure in a stream of fluid stethoscopea medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body stocksa former instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy timber frame with holes in which the feet (and sometimes the hands) of an offender could be locked strapwhip consisting of a strip of leather used in flogging strobe, strobe light, stroboscopescientific instrument that provides a flashing light synchronized with the periodic movement of an object; can make moving object appear stationary stun baton, stun guna weapon designed to disable a victim temporarily by delivering a nonlethal high-voltage electric shock surgical instrumenta medical instrument used in surgery surveyor's levelsurveying instrument consisting basically of a small telescope with an attached spirit level rotating around a vertical axis; for measuring relative heights of land switcha flexible implement used as an instrument of punishment blade, brand, steel, sworda cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard synchroniser, synchronizer, synchronoscope, synchroscopean instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines) syringea medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids t-scope, tachistoscopescientific instrument used by psychologists; presents visual stimuli for brief exposures tach, tachometermeasuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation tape, tape measure, tapelinemeasuring instrument consisting of a narrow strip (cloth or metal) marked in inches or centimeters and used for measuring lengths telemeterany scientific instrument for observing events at a distance and transmitting the information back to the observer tensiometera measuring instrument for measuring the surface tension of a liquid tensiometera measuring instrument for measuring the tension in a wire or fiber or beam tensiometera measuring instrument for measuring the moisture content of soil theodolite, transita surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, consisting of a small telescope mounted on a tripod thermographmedical instrument that uses an infrared camera to reveal temperature variations on the surface of the body thermometermeasuring instrument for measuring temperature horologe, timekeeper, timepiecea measuring instrument or device for keeping time hatchet, tomahawkweapon consisting of a fighting ax; used by North American Indians tonometermeasuring instrument for measuring tension or pressure (especially for measuring intraocular pressure in testing for glaucoma) torsion balancemeasuring instrument designed to measure small forces by the torsion they exert on a thin wire triangleany of various triangular drafting instruments used to draw straight lines at specified angles T-squarea square used by draftsmen to draw parallel lines variometera measuring instrument for measuring variations in a magnetic field Venturi tubea short tube inserted into a pipeline and used to measure the quantity of a liquid that is flowing in the pipeline viscometer, viscosimetera measuring instrument for measuring viscosity wattmeteran instrument for measuring in watts the flow of power in an electrical circuit W.M.D., WMD, weapon of mass destructiona weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons) Greek firea mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted device an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose 4n any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sounds Syn|Hypo|Hyper musical instrument barrel organ, grind organ, hand organ, hurdy gurdy, hurdy-gurdy, street organ a musical instrument that makes music by rotation of a cylinder studded with pegs bassthe member with the lowest range of a family of musical instruments calliope, steam organa musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles played from a keyboard electronic instrument, electronic musical instrumenta musical instrument that generates sounds electronically jew's harp, jews' harp, mouth bowa small lyre-shaped musical instrument that is placed between the teeth and played by twanging a wire tongue while changing the shape of the mouth cavity keyboard instrumenta musical instrument that is played by means of a keyboard music box, musical boxproduces music by means of pins on a revolving cylinder that strike the tuned teeth of a comb-like metal plate percussion instrument, percussive instrumenta musical instrument in which the sound is produced by one object striking another stringed instrumenta musical instrument in which taut strings provide the source of sound wind, wind instrumenta musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath accordion, piano accordion, squeeze boxa portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; the reeds are made to vibrate by air from the bellows controlled by the player banjoa stringed instrument of the guitar family that has long neck and circular body bass fiddle, bass viol, bull fiddle, contrabass, double bass, string basslargest and lowest member of the violin family bass guitarthe guitar with six strings that has the lowest pitch bass horn, sousaphone, tubathe lowest brass wind instrument bombard, bombardona large shawm; the bass member of the shawm family bones, castanets, clappers, finger cymbalsa percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance bowed stringed instrument, stringstringed instruments that are played with a bow brass, brass instrumenta wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable length) that is blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece celestaa musical instrument consisting of graduated steel plates that are struck by hammers activated by a keyboard bell, chime, gonga percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument chordophonea stringed instrument of the group including harps, lutes, lyres, and zithers clavichordan early stringed instrument like a piano but with more delicate sound Klavier, claviera stringed instrument that has a keyboard cymbala percussion instrument consisting of a concave brass disk; makes a loud crashing sound when hit with a drumstick or when two are struck together drum, membranophone, tympana musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end dulcimera stringed instrument used in American folk music; an elliptical body and a fretted fingerboard and three strings Hammond organ, electric organ, electronic organ, organ(music) an electronic simulation of a pipe organ free-reed instrumenta wind instrument with a free reed glockenspiel, orchestral bellsa percussion instrument consisting of a set of graduated metal bars mounted on a frame and played with small hammers gong, tam-tama percussion instrument consisting of a metal plate that is struck with a softheaded drumstick guitara stringed instrument usually having six strings; played by strumming or plucking kazooa toy wind instrument that has a membrane that makes a sound when you hum into the mouthpiece kettle, kettledrum, timpani, tympani, tympanuma large hemispherical brass or copper percussion instrument with a drumhead that can be tuned by adjusting the tension on it kotoJapanese stringed instrument that resembles a zither; has a rectangular wooden sounding board and usually 13 silk strings that are plucked with the fingers lagerphonean Australian percussion instrument used for playing bush music; a long stick with bottle caps nailed loosely to it; played by hitting it with a stick or banging it on the ground maracaa percussion instrument consisting of a hollow gourd containing pebbles or beans; often played in pairs marimba, xylophonea percussion instrument with wooden bars tuned to produce a chromatic scale and with resonators; played with small mallets ocarina, sweet potatoegg-shaped terra cotta wind instrument with a mouthpiece and finger holes organ, pipe organwind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard organ pipe, pipe, pipeworkthe flues and stops on a pipe organ forte-piano, piano, pianofortea keyboard instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds pipea tubular wind instrument post hornwind instrument used by postilions of the 18th and 19th centuries psalteryan ancient stringed instrument similar to the lyre or zither but having a trapezoidal sounding board under the strings rain sticka percussion instrument that is made from a dried cactus branch that is hollowed out and filled with small pebbles and capped at both ends; makes the sound of falling rain when tilted; origin was in Chile where tribesmen used it in ceremonies to bring rain samisen, shamisena Japanese stringed instrument resembling a banjo with a long neck and three strings and a fretted fingerboard and a rectangular soundbox; played with a plectrum sitara stringed instrument of India; has a long neck and movable frets; has 6 or 7 metal strings for playing and usually 13 resonating strings steel druma concave percussion instrument made from the metal top of an oil drum; has an array of flattened areas that produce different tones when struck (of Caribbean origin) synthesiser, synthesizer(music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments thereminan electronic musical instrument; melodies can be played by moving the right hand between two rods that serve as antennas to control pitch; the left hand controls phrasing trianglea percussion instrument consisting of a metal bar bent in the shape of an open triangle vibes, vibraharp, vibraphonea percussion instrument similar to a xylophone but having metal bars and rotating disks in the resonators that produce a vibrato sound whistlea small wind instrument that produces a whistling sound by blowing into it wood, woodwind, woodwind instrumentany wind instrument other than the brass instruments cither, zither, zitherna musical stringed instrument with strings stretched over a flat sounding board; it is laid flat and played with a plectrum and with fingers device an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose 5n the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process Syn|Hyper instrumental role participant role, semantic role (linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause 6v equip with instruments for measuring, recording, or controlling Hyper equip, fit, fit out, outfit provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose 7v write an instrumental score for 2Syn|Hyper instrumentate compose, write write music 1n (law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper legal document, legal instrument, official document Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Philemon a New Testament book containing an epistle from Saint Paul to Philemon asking Philemon to forgive the slave for escaping Septuagintthe oldest Greek version of the Old Testament; said to have been translated from the Hebrew by Jewish scholars at the request of Ptolemy II Articles of Confederationa written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens Constitution of the United Statesthe constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states Peace of Westphaliathe peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 Chemical Weapons Conventiona global treaty banning the production or acquisition or stockpiling or transfer or use of chemical weapons Geneva Conventionan agreement first drawn up in Geneva in 1864 and later revised concerning the treatment of captured and wounded military personnel and civilians in wartime Lateran Treatythe agreement signed in the Lateran Palace in 1929 by Italy and the Holy See which recognized the Vatican City as a sovereign and independent papal state North Atlantic Treatythe treaty signed in 1949 by 12 countries that established NATO SALT Ithe first treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SALT IIthe second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Treaty of Versaillesthe treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans articles of incorporation a legal document that creates a corporation; it is filed with a state by the founders of a corporation and is governed by the laws of the state derivative, derivative instrumenta financial instrument whose value is based on another security negotiable instrumentan unconditional order or promise to pay an amount of money passporta document issued by a country to a citizen allowing that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country ship's papersofficial papers which a ship is legally required to have; related to ownership, cargo, etc. manifesta customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane debenturea certificate or voucher acknowledging a debt power of attorneya legal instrument authorizing someone to act as the grantor's agent letters of administrationlegal document naming someone to administer an estate when no executor has been named letters testamentarya legal document from a probate court or court officer informing you of your appointment as executor of a will and empowering you to discharge those responsibilities work papers, work permit, working papersa legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries act, enactmenta legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body lawlegal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity bill, measurea statute in draft before it becomes law brief, legal briefa document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case testament, willa legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die living willa document written by someone still legally capable requesting that he should be allowed to die if subsequently severely disabled or suffering terminal illness deed, deed of conveyance, titlea legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it assignmentthe instrument by which a claim or right or interest or property is transferred from one person to another deed of trust, trust deeda written instrument legally conveying property to a trustee often used to secure an obligation such as a mortgage or promissory note conveyancedocument effecting a property transfer income tax return, return, tax returndocument giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability licence, license, permita legal document giving official permission to do something letters patent, patentan official document granting a right or privilege judgement, judgment, legal opinion, opinionthe legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision acquittance, releasea legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation judicial writ, writ(law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer authorisation, authorization, mandatea document giving an official instruction or command affidavitwritten declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath written agreementa legal document summarizing the agreement between parties bill of indictment, indictmenta formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense impeachmenta formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office arraignmenta legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment certificate, securitya formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends Old Testamentthe collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible New Testamentthe collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible futures contractan agreement to buy or sell a specific amount of a commodity or financial instrument at a particular price on a stipulated future date; the contract can be sold before the settlement date contracta binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law stock powera power of attorney document to transfer ownership of a registered security from the owner to another party proxya power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting nullitysomething that is null (especially an enactment that has no legal validity) anti-drug lawa law forbidding the sale or use of narcotic drugs RICO, RICO Act, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, anti-racketeering lawlaw intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions antitrust law, antitrust legislationlaw intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies statute of limitationsa statute prescribing the time period during which legal action can be taken constitution, fundamental law, organic lawlaw determining the fundamental political principles of a government public lawa law affecting the public at large appropriation billa legislative act proposing to authorize the expenditure of public funds for a specified purpose bill of attaindera legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial bottle billa statute that would require merchants to reclaim used bottles farm billa statute that would regulate farm production and prices trade billa statute that would regulate foreign trade blue lawa statute regulating work on Sundays blue sky lawa state law regulating the sale of securities in an attempt to control the sale of securities in fraudulent enterprises gag lawany law that limits freedom of the press homestead lawa law conferring privileges on owners of homesteads poor lawa law providing support for the poor Riot Acta former English law requiring mobs to disperse after a magistrate reads the law to them court ordera writ issued by a court of law requiring a person to do something or to refrain from doing something decree, edict, fiat, order, rescripta legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge) prohibitiona law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages amicus curiae briefa brief presented by someone interested in influencing the outcome of a lawsuit but who is not a party to it bill of salea deed transferring personal property deed polla deed made and executed by only one party enfeoffmentunder the feudal system, the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service mortgage deeddeed embodying a mortgage title deeda legal document proving a person's right to property quitclaim, quitclaim deeddocument transferring title or right or claim to another warranta writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts amended returna tax return that corrects the information in an earlier return declaration of estimated tax, estimated tax returnreturn required of a taxpayer whose tax withheld from income does not meet the tax liability for the year false returnan incorrect income tax return information returna return that provides information to the tax collector but does not compute the tax liability joint returna return filed by a husband and wife building permita document authorizing the holder to construct a building of a particular kind on a particular lot driver's licence, driver's license, driving licence, driving licensea license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle fishing licence, fishing license, fishing permita license authorizing the bearer to fish during a specified period of time game license, hunting licence, hunting license, hunting permita license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time learner's permita document authorizing the bearer to learn to drive an automobile letter of mark and reprisal, letter of marque, letters of marquea license to a private citizen to seize property of another nation liquor licence, liquor licensea license authorizing the holder to sell alcoholic beverages marriage licence, marriage license, wedding licence, wedding licensea license authorizing two people to marry occupation licence, occupation licensea license to pursue a particular occupation concurring opinionan opinion that agrees with the court's disposition of the case but is written to express a particular judge's reasoning dissenting opinionan opinion that disagrees with the court's disposition of the case majority opinionthe opinion joined by a majority of the court (generally known simply as `the opinion') assizean ancient writ issued by a court of assize to the sheriff for the recovery of property certiorari, writ of certioraria common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case habeas corpus, writ of habeas corpusa writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge venire faciasa judicial writ ordering a sheriff to summon people for jury duty mandamus, writ of mandamusan extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail attachmenta writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding fieri faciasa writ ordering a levy on the belongings of a debtor to satisfy the debt scire faciasa judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled sequestrationa writ that authorizes the seizure of property writ of detinuea writ ordering the release of goods that have been unlawfully detained writ of electiona writ ordering the holding of an election writ of errora judicial writ from an appellate court ordering the court of record to produce the records of trial writ of prohibitiona judicial writ from a higher court ordering a lower court not to exercise jurisdiction in a particular case writ of righta writ ordering that land be restored to its rightful owner process, summonsa writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant subpoena, subpoena ad testificanduma writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court subpoena duces tecuma writ issued by a court at the request of one of the parties to a suit; it requires a witness to bring to court or to a deposition any relevant documents under the witness's control legislative act, statutean act passed by a legislative body liberty chit, passa permit to enter or leave a military installation verification(law) an affidavit attached to a statement confirming the truth of that statement fatwah(Islam) a legal opinion or ruling issued by an Islamic scholar dictum, obiter dictuman opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding submissiona legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter compact, concordat, covenanta signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action indentureformal agreement between the issuer of bonds and the bondholders as to terms of the debt obligationa legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply accord, pact, treatya written agreement between two states or sovereigns murder charge, murder indictmentan indictment charging someone with murder true billan indictment endorsed by a grand jury optionthe right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited agency security, government securitya security issued by United States government agencies or the Farm Credit System mortgage-backed securitya security created when a group of mortgages are gathered together and bonds are sold to other institutions or the public; investors receive a portion of the interest payments on the mortgages as well as the principal payments; usually guaranteed by the government registered securitya security whose owner's name is recorded on the books of the issuer (or issuer's agent) bill of exchange, draft, order of paymenta document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another escrowa written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition devisea will disposing of real property scripa certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency stock, stock certificatea certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation tax-exempt, tax-exempt securitya security that is not subject to taxation bond, bond certificatea certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal zero coupon security, zero-coupon securitya security that makes no interest payments but instead is sold at a deep discount from its face value partnership certificatea certificate showing the interests of all parties in a business partnership proprietorship certificatea certificate showing who is responsible in an individually owned business convertible, convertible securitya corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock) letter securitya stock or bond that is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold in the public market listed securitya security that has been accepted for trading by one of the organized and registered securities exchanges in the US OTC security, over the counter security, unlisted securitya security traded in the over-the-counter market document, papers, written document writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) 2v address a legal document to Hyper address, direct put an address on (an envelope) |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。