| 单词 | organic compound |
| 释义 | organic compound (once / 14071 pages) n WORD FAMILY organic compound: organic compounds USAGE EXAMPLESResearchers have come up with a biochemical pathway that converts carbon dioxide into useful organic compounds more efficiently than plants can. Nature(Nov 22, 2016) Unfortunately, overcooking Brussels sprouts brings out the stinky odor of an organic compound that contains sulfur. Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016) The EPA says wastewater from the dairy can contain only slightly more than half of the organic compounds than Galliker is accustomed to releasing. Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016) n any compound of carbon and another element or a radical Hypo|Hyper aldehyde any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids aliphatic compoundorganic compound that is an alkane or alkene or alkyne or their derivative alkylbenzeneorganic compound that has an alkyl group bound to a benzene ring alkyl halide, haloalkaneorganic compound in which halogen atoms have been substituted for hydrogen atoms in an alkane amino acid, aminoalkanoic acidorganic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group diamineany organic compound containing two amino groups enolan organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which in turn is doubly bonded to another carbon atom halona compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer peptoneany of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids quaternary ammonium compounda compound derived from ammonium with hydrogen atoms replaced by organic groups; used as surface-active agents, disinfectants, and in drugs proenzyme, zymogenany of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active propylthiouracila crystalline compound used as an antithyroid drug in the treatment of goiter etherany of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom acetalany organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecules aldehyde-alcohol, aldolan oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO) alkaloidnatural bases containing nitrogen found in plants amideany organic compound containing the group -CONH2 renneta substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket azadirachtininsecticide thiazinea compound made up of a ring of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom cacodyl, tetramethyldiarsinea poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air neurochemicalany organic substance that occurs in neural activity acid anhydrides, acyl anhydridesorganic compounds that react with water to form an acid acid halide, acyl halideorganic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom coal-tar creosote, creosotea dark oily liquid obtained by distillation of coal tar; used as a preservative for wood creosotea colorless or yellowish oily liquid obtained by distillation of wood tar; used as an antiseptic cyanide, nitril, nitrileany of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN cyanohydrinany organic compound in which the cyano radical -CN and the hydroxyl radical -OH are attached to the same carbon atom esterformed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water furan, furane, furfurana colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon glycosidea group of compounds derived from monosaccharides resin, rosinany of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules halocarbonone of various compounds of carbon and any of the halogens hemiacetalan organic compound usually formed as an intermediate product in the preparation of acetals from aldehydes or ketones erythrocytolysin, erythrolysin, haemolysin, hemolysinany substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin humic substancean organic residue of decaying organic matter hydrocarbonan organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen ketoneany of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals macromolecule, supermoleculeany very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals nitrobenzenea poisonous oily water-soluble liquid used as a solvent and in the manufacture of aniline oximeany compound containing the group -C=NOH petrochemicalany compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas creatine phosphate, creatine phosphoric acid, phosphocreatinean organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction phenolany of a class of weakly acidic organic compounds; molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups pyrimidinea heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor quassiaa bitter compound used as an insecticide and tonic and vermifuge; extracted from the wood and bark of trees of the genera Quassia and Picrasma steroidany of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects nonsteroid, nonsteroidalan organic compound that does no contain a steroid thiouracildepresses the function of the thyroid gland carbamide, ureathe chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics imideany of a class of organic compounds that contain the divalent radical -CONHCO- xanthinecrystalline oxidation product of the metabolism of nucleoproteins; precursor of uric acid; found in many organs and in urine atropinea poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides DES, diethylstilbesterol, stilbesterolsynthetic nonsteroid with the properties of estrogen; formerly used to treat menstrual problems but was found to be associated with vaginal cancers in the daughters of women so treated during pregnancy hyoscyaminea poisonous crystalline alkaloid (isometric with atropine but more potent); used to treat excess motility of the gastrointestinal tract pilocarpinecholinergic alkaloid used in eyedrops to treat glaucoma hyoscine, scopolaminean alkaloid with anticholinergic effects that is used as a sedative and to treat nausea and to dilate the pupils in ophthalmic procedures physostigmineused in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma East India kino, Malabar kino, kino gumreddish or black juice or resin from certain trees of the genus Pterocarpus and used in medicine and tanning etc Jamaica quassiasimilar to the extract from Quassia amara acetone, dimethyl ketone, propanonethe simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics acetylene, alkyne, ethynea colorless flammable gas used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis alicyclic compoundan aliphatic compound that contains a ring of atoms alaninea crystalline amino acid that occurs in many proteins asparaginea crystalline amino acid found in proteins and in many plants (e.g., asparagus) aspartic acida crystalline amino acid found in proteins and occurring naturally in sugar beets and sugar cane canavaninean amino acid found in the jack bean chlorobenzenea colorless volatile flammable liquid with an almond odor that is made from chlorine and benzene; used as a solvent and in the production of phenol and DDT and other organic compounds citratea salt or ester of citric acid citrullinean amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is an intermediate in the conversion of ornithine to arginine cysteinean amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine cystinea crystalline amino acid found in proteins (especially keratin); discovered in bladder stones dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopaamino acid that is formed in the liver and converted into dopamine in the brain essential amino acidan amino acid that is required by animals but that they cannot synthesize; must be supplied in the diet GABA, gamma aminobutyric acidan amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter glutamic acid, glutaminic acidan amino acid occurring in proteins; important in the nitrogen metabolism of plants; used in monosodium glutamate to enhance the flavor of meats glutaminea crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism glycinethe simplest amino acid found in proteins and the principal amino acid in sugar cane hydroxyprolinea crystalline amino acid obtained from gelatin or collagen iodoamino acidan amino acid with iodine added ornithinean amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is important in the formation of urea aromatic compounda hydrocarbon containing one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of compounds pyrogallic acid, pyrogallola toxic white lustrous crystalline phenol used to treat certain skin diseases and as a photographic developer haloformcompounds with the formula CHX3, where X is a halogen atom lactatea salt or ester of lactic acid prolinean amino acid that is found in many proteins (especially collagen) gasohola gasoline substitute consisting of 90% gasoline and 10% grain alcohol from corn gas, gasolene, gasoline, petrola volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines coal oil, kerosene, kerosine, lamp oila flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters ethanal trimer, paraldehydea colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent acetaldolunsaturated aldol acetaldehyde, ethanala colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs acetamide, ethanamidea colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds acrylamidea white crystalline amide of propenoic acid can damage the nervous system and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals alkene, olefin, olefineany unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon cinchoninean alkaloid derivative of the bark of cinchona trees that is used as an antimalarial drug ephedrinewhite odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma Ergotrate Maleate, ergonovinean alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion ergotaminean alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine pseudoephedrinepoisonous crystalline alkaloid occurring with ephedrine and isomorphic with it nicotinean alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide strychninean alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant brucinea bitter alkaloid poison resembling strychnine and extracted from nux vomica betainea sweet tasting alkaloid that occurs in sugar beets proteinany of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes peptideamide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein caffein, caffeinea bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects aromatic hydrocarbona hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of organic compounds methylene blue, methylthionine chloridea dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning phenothiazine, thiodiphenylaminea compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites banana oila liquid ester derived from amyl alcohol; has the odor of bananas butanone, methyl ethyl ketonecolorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid carbohydrate, saccharide, sugaran essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain cellulose esterany ester of cellulose with an acid neurotransmittera neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse acetyl chloride, ethanoyl chloridecolorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor endorphina neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties indenea colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins creatin, creatinean amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction creosola colorless to yellow aromatic liquid that is a constituent of creosote cresol, methyl phenolany of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant cyclohexanol phthalatethe cyclohexanol ester of phthalic acid cymeneany of three isotopes of a colorless aromatic liquid hydrocarbon occurring in the volatile oil of cumin and thyme and used in the manufacture of synthetic resins dioxinany of several toxic or carcinogenic hydrocarbons that occur as impurities in herbicides C2H6, ethanea colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel ethyl acetatea fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics propanamide, proprionamidethe amide of propionic acid (C2H5CONH2) flavina ketone that forms the nucleus of certain natural yellow pigments like riboflavin fluorocarbona halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols formaldehyde, methanala colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol fulvic acida yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions furfural, furfuraldehydea liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corncobs; used in making furan and as a solvent bottled gas, liquefied petroleum gashydrocarbon gases, usually propane or butane, kept under pressure glyceraldehyde, glyceric aldehydea sweet crystalline aldehyde formed by the breakdown of sugars glyceryl esteran ester of glycerol glucosidea glycoside derived from glucose natural resina plant exudate synthetic resina resin having a polymeric structure; especially a resin in the raw state; used chiefly in plastics humic acida dark brown humic substance that is soluble in water only at pH values greater than 2 humina black humic substance that is not soluble in water bitumenany of various naturally occurring impure mixtures of hydrocarbons butadienea gaseous hydrocarbon C4H6; used in making synthetic rubbers acetone body, ketone bodya ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the body; any of three compounds (acetoacetic acid, acetone, and/or beta-hydroxybutyric acid) found in excess in blood and urine of persons with metabolic disorders lipid, lipide, lipoidan oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates) maleatea salt or ester of maleic acid; used as a nontricyclic antidepressant drug for psychomotor activation alkane, alkane series, methane series, paraffin, paraffin seriesa series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2) naphthaany of various volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures; used chiefly as solvents naphthalenea white crystalline strong-smelling hydrocarbon made from coal tar or petroleum and used in organic synthesis and as a fumigant in mothballs naphtholeither of two phenols derived from naphthalene pyrenea pale yellow crystalline hydrocarbon C16H10 extracted from coal tar nitrofuranderivative of furan used to inhibit bacterial growth nucleic acid(biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells nucleosidea glycoside formed by partial hydrolysis of a nucleic acid base, nucleotidea phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) octaneany isomeric saturated hydrocarbon found in petroleum and used as a fuel and solvent gas oilan oil formed through distillation of petroleum of intermediate boiling range and viscosity polyestera complex ester used for making fibers or resins or plastics or as a plasticizer propanal, propionaldehydea colorless liquid aldehyde acrolein, propenala pungent colorless unsaturated liquid aldehyde made from propene acrylonitrile, propenonitrile, vinyl cyanidea colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene rauwolfiaany of several alkaloids extracted from the shrub Rauwolfia serpentina resorcinola crystalline phenol obtained from various resins; used in ointments for acne and in dandruff shampoos sarcosinea sweetish crystalline amino acid serinea sweetish crystalline amino acid involved in the synthesis by the body of cysteine ketosteroida steroid containing a ketone group steroid alcohol, sterolany of a group of natural steroid alcohols derived from plants or animals; they are waxy insoluble substances bile acidany of the steroid acids generated in the liver and stored with bile cardiac glucoside, cardiac glycosideobtained from a number of plants and used to stimulate the heart in cases of heart failure streptolysinany of several hemolysins derived from strains of streptococcus strophanthina bitter and very toxic glycoside derived from plants of the genus Strophanthus; in moderate doses it is a cardiac stimulant but in larger doses it is a powerful poison; used in Africa as an arrow poison tannic acid, tanninany of various complex phenolic substances of plant origin; used in tanning and in medicine terpenean unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained from plants thyme camphor, thymic acid, thymola colorless crystalline solid used in perfume or preserving biological specimens or in embalming or medically as a fungicide or antiseptic thyroninea phenolic amino acid of which thyroxine is a derivative methylbenzene, toluenea colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels tyramineamino acid derived from tyrosine; has a sympathomimetic action; found in chocolate and cola drinks and ripe cheese and beer tyrosinean amino acid found in most proteins; a precursor of several hormones urethanean ester of carbamic acid provitaminvitamin precursor; a substance that is converted into a vitamin in animal tissues curare, tubocurarinea toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles chemical compound, compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight |
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