英语词汇“correlation”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

Correlation is something that scientists are often trying to show––is there a correlation between smoking and poor health or between napping and productivity? How about daily flossing and good grades?

Correlation derives from the Latin cor- 'together' and -relatio 'relation'––the word is all about things that go together. But beware: just because a study shows a correlation between two variables, it doesn't mean one necessarily causes the other. There is a significant correlation between going to high school and being a teenager, but that doesn't mean that going to high school causes you to be a teenager.

CHOOSE YOUR WORDS

correlation / corollary

A correlation is exactly what it sounds like: a co-relation, or relationship — like the correlation between early birds waking up and the sun rising. But corollary is more like a consequence, like the corollary of the rooster crowing because you smacked it in the beak. Both words love the math lab but can hang with the rest of us, too.

A correlation is a relationship, but not a cause and effect one. In statistics, a correlation is some connection between random variables or data values. Since correlation is a kind of relation, it's often followed by "between." Here are some examples of correlations out in the world:

Correlation is not necessarily causation, so I'm sure this has nothing to do with the departure of Rahm Emanuel. (New York Times)

Their study looked only at wider geographical patterns, showing a correlation between an area's radon levels and rates of the skin cancer. (Reuters)

Corollary, on the other hand, is one thing naturally following another. In mathematics, a theorem is a statement proven true through reasoning. Its corollary is a statement so closely related that it doesn't need to be proven independently. For the rest of us, it's more like the aftermath of something. Let's look at some examples:

The corollary to this finding is that dairy products have no effect on cough, he said. (New York Times)

There is a natural foreign policy corollary: those who see America as a work in progress are less likely to view it as exceptional. (Time)

How can non-math geniuses keep the two straight? Remember that correlation has an equal, though not necessarily defined, relationship. Corollary is more like a consequence.

WORD FAMILY

correlation: correlational, correlations+/correlate: correlated, correlates, correlating, correlation, correlative/correlated: uncorrelated/correlative: correlatively, correlatives, correlativity

USAGE EXAMPLES

The correlation was between Trump support and sluggish economic recovery in rural, mostly white areas, not just lower economic status in general.

Slate(Dec 23, 2016)

As the Israeli craft orbits the moon and moves across the surface, the magnetometer will look for correlations between magnetic field changes and impact sites.

Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)

Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.

Nature(Dec 20, 2016)

1n a reciprocal relation between two or more things

Syn|Hyper

correlativity

reciprocality, reciprocity

a relation of mutual dependence or action or influence

2n a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other

Syn|Hypo|Hyper

correlational statistics

curvilinear correlation, nonlinear correlation, skew correlation

any correlation in which the rates of change of the variables is not constant

partial correlation

a correlation between two variables when the effects of one or more related variables are removed

direct correlation, positive correlation

a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with large values of the other and small with small; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and +1

indirect correlation, negative correlation

a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with small values of the other; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and -1

spurious correlation

a correlation between two variables (e.g., between the number of electric motors in the home and grades at school) that does not result from any direct relation between them (buying electric motors will not raise grades) but from their relation to other variables

first-order correlation

a partial correlation in which the effects of only one variable are removed (held constant)

statistics

a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters

3n a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)

what is the correlation between those two variables?

Syn|Hypo|Hyper

coefficient of correlation, correlation coefficient

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, product-moment correlation coefficient

the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between variables that are linearly related

multiple correlation coefficient

an estimate of the combined influence of two or more variables on the observed (dependent) variable

biserial correlation, biserial correlation coefficient

a correlation coefficient in which one variable is many-valued and the other is dichotomous

chance-half correlation, split-half correlation

a correlation coefficient calculated between scores on two halves of a test; taken as an indication of the reliability of the test

tetrachoric correlation, tetrachoric correlation coefficient

a correlation coefficient computed for two normally distributed variables that are both expressed as a dichotomy

parametric statistic

any statistic computed by procedures that assume the data were drawn from a particular distribution

单词	correlation
释义	correlation (once / 3547 pages) n Correlation is something that scientists are often trying to show––is there a correlation between smoking and poor health or between napping and productivity? How about daily flossing and good grades? Correlation derives from the Latin cor- 'together' and -relatio 'relation'––the word is all about things that go together. But beware: just because a study shows a correlation between two variables, it doesn't mean one necessarily causes the other. There is a significant correlation between going to high school and being a teenager, but that doesn't mean that going to high school causes you to be a teenager. CHOOSE YOUR WORDS correlation / corollary A correlation is exactly what it sounds like: a co-relation, or relationship — like the correlation between early birds waking up and the sun rising. But corollary is more like a consequence, like the corollary of the rooster crowing because you smacked it in the beak. Both words love the math lab but can hang with the rest of us, too. A correlation is a relationship, but not a cause and effect one. In statistics, a correlation is some connection between random variables or data values. Since correlation is a kind of relation, it's often followed by "between." Here are some examples of correlations out in the world: Correlation is not necessarily causation, so I'm sure this has nothing to do with the departure of Rahm Emanuel. (New York Times) Their study looked only at wider geographical patterns, showing a correlation between an area's radon levels and rates of the skin cancer. (Reuters) Corollary, on the other hand, is one thing naturally following another. In mathematics, a theorem is a statement proven true through reasoning. Its corollary is a statement so closely related that it doesn't need to be proven independently. For the rest of us, it's more like the aftermath of something. Let's look at some examples: The corollary to this finding is that dairy products have no effect on cough, he said. (New York Times) There is a natural foreign policy corollary: those who see America as a work in progress are less likely to view it as exceptional. (Time) How can non-math geniuses keep the two straight? Remember that correlation has an equal, though not necessarily defined, *relationship. Corollary* is more like a consequence. WORD FAMILY correlation: correlational, correlations+/correlate: correlated, correlates, correlating, correlation, correlative/correlated: uncorrelated/correlative: correlatively, correlatives, correlativity USAGE EXAMPLES The correlation was between Trump support and sluggish economic recovery in rural, mostly white areas, not just lower economic status in general. Slate(Dec 23, 2016) As the Israeli craft orbits the moon and moves across the surface, the magnetometer will look for correlations between magnetic field changes and impact sites. Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016) Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation. Nature(Dec 20, 2016) 1n a reciprocal relation between two or more things Syn\|Hyper correlativity reciprocality, reciprocity a relation of mutual dependence or action or influence 2n a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other Syn\|Hypo\|Hyper correlational statistics curvilinear correlation, nonlinear correlation, skew correlation any correlation in which the rates of change of the variables is not constant partial correlation a correlation between two variables when the effects of one or more related variables are removed direct correlation, positive correlation a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with large values of the other and small with small; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and +1 indirect correlation, negative correlation a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with small values of the other; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and -1 spurious correlation a correlation between two variables (e.g., between the number of electric motors in the home and grades at school) that does not result from any direct relation between them (buying electric motors will not raise grades) but from their relation to other variables first-order correlation a partial correlation in which the effects of only one variable are removed (held constant) statistics a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters 3n a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation) what is the correlation between those two variables? Syn\|Hypo\|Hyper coefficient of correlation, correlation coefficient Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, product-moment correlation coefficient the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between variables that are linearly related multiple correlation coefficient an estimate of the combined influence of two or more variables on the observed (dependent) variable biserial correlation, biserial correlation coefficient a correlation coefficient in which one variable is many-valued and the other is dichotomous chance-half correlation, split-half correlation a correlation coefficient calculated between scores on two halves of a test; taken as an indication of the reliability of the test tetrachoric correlation, tetrachoric correlation coefficient a correlation coefficient computed for two normally distributed variables that are both expressed as a dichotomy parametric statistic any statistic computed by procedures that assume the data were drawn from a particular distribution
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