| 单词 | by |
| 释义 | preposition | adverb byby1 /baɪ/ ●●● S1 W1 preposition 1used especially with a passive verb to show who or what did something or what caused something: Jim was bitten by a dog. The building was designed by Frank Gehry. Everyone is worried by the rise in violent crime.2using or doing a particular thing: You can reserve the tickets by phone. Send it by airmail.by doing something Caroline earns extra money by babysitting.by car/train/plane/bus etc. We went from New York to Philadelphia by car.3passing through or along a particular place: It’s quicker to go by the freeway. Doris came in by the back door.4beside or near something: She stood by the window looking out over the fields. Jane went and sat by Patrick.5come/go/stop by something to visit or go to a place for a short time when you intend to go somewhere else after that: Could you stop by the store and buy milk? I’ll come by your house before lunch.6if you move or travel by someone or something, you go past him or her without stopping: He walked by me without saying hello. I go by John’s place on my way to work; I can pick him up.7used to show the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a movie, wrote a piece of music, etc.: the “Unfinished Symphony” by Schubert “Hamlet” was written by Shakespeare.8not later than a particular time, date, etc.: The report must be ready by next Friday. I’ll be home by 9:30.9according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things: By law, cars cannot pass a school bus while it is stopped. Profits were $6 million, but by their standards this is low.10used to show the amount or degree of something: The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel. I was overcharged by $3. Reading was by far (=by a large amount or degree) my favorite activity as a child.11used when telling which part of a piece of equipment or of someone’s body someone takes or holds: I picked the pot up by the handle. She grabbed him by the arm.12by the way spoken used to begin talking about a subject that is not related to the one you were talking about: Oh, by the way, Vicky called while you were out.13used between two numbers that you are multiplying or dividing: What’s 48 divided by 4?14used when giving the measurements of a room, container, etc.: The living room is 10 feet by 13 feet.15used to show a rate or quantity: Most restaurant workers are paid by the hour. You buy the wood by the square foot.16spoken used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises: By God, we actually did it!17day by day/little by little etc. used to show that something happens gradually or is done slowly and in small amounts: Day by day he grew weaker. Police searched the area house by house.18used to show the situation or period of time during which you do something or something happens: You’ll ruin your eyes reading by flashlight.by day/night (=during the day or night)19used to show the relationship between one fact or thing and another: Colette is French by birth. It’s fine by me if you want to go.20as a result of an action or situation: He brought over some of my mail that was delivered to his house by accident. I deleted a whole afternoon’s work on the computer by mistake.21if a woman has children by a particular man, that man is the children’s father: Ann has two children by her ex-husband.22(all) by yourself a)completely alone: Dave spent Christmas all by himself. b)without any help: Katherine made the cookies all by herself. [Origin: Old English be, bi] preposition | adverb byby2 ●●● S1 W1 adverb 1if someone or something moves or goes by, he or she goes past: Only two cars went by. Three hours went by before she called. James walked by without even looking in my direction.2come/stop/go etc. by to visit or go to a place for a short time when you intend to go somewhere else after that: I’ll drop by and have a look at your car this afternoon. Come by (=come to my house, office etc.) any time tomorrow.3beside or near someone or something: A crowd of people were standing by, waiting for an announcement.4by and large used when talking generally about someone or something: By and large, most of the people in the town work at the factory.5by and by especially literary soon6by the by spoken old-fashioned used when mentioning something that may be interesting but is not particularly important: By the by, John might come over tonight. |
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