Punjabi for ‘disciple’, Sikhism is an Indian religion founded by Guru Nanak (1469–1539), who spoke of one god beyond Hindu and Muslim sectarian notions. Since the death of the tenth guru in 1708, authority has resided in the Sikh holy book. Male members of the community often show allegiance to the faith by never cutting their beard or hair, concealing the latter in a turban — Professor Donald Lopez