potential function
/pəˈtɛnʃl ˌfʌŋ(k)ʃn/Physics
noun
A mathematical function by the differentiation of which can be expressed the (gravitational, electromagnetic, etc.) force at any point in space arising from a system of bodies, electrical charges, etc. More widely: any function from which a vector field can be derived by differentiation.
Origin
Early 19th century. From potential + function. Compare potential and discussion at that entry.