单词	Cluniac
释义	Cluniac /ˈkluːnɪak / adjective Relating to a reformed Benedictine monastic order founded at Cluny in eastern France in 910.The Council passed reforming decrees in keeping with the Cluniac reform movement, including ones concerning simony and clerical marriage.... With these and other men, all deeply influenced by the Cluniac movement, Leo set about trying to reform the Church. In certain Cluniac establishments, the cloister had even been invaded by the laity to the extent that Peter the Venerable felt the need to impose severe restrictions on lay access. noun A monk of the Cluniac order.The Cluniacs or ‘black monks,’ whom Weber regarded as ‘the first professionals,’ restored the Rule of Saint Benedict in the tenth century.... One of the earliest orders was that of the Benedictines, established by St Benedict towards the end of the 5th century ad, followed later by the Cluniacs in the 10th century, and the Carthusians and the Cistercians in the 11th century. The new monastic orders amassed considerable power in Christendom, particularly the Cluniacs, the first order to centralize monastic authority.
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