studio system
noun
1The system of apprenticeship maintained by commercial art studios of various kinds, especially as contrasted with formal education at an art college (now historical ).
2 Film the centralized organization of film production, marketing, and distribution maintained by Hollywood studios in the first half of the 20th century, which resulted in a limited number of large commercial companies dominating the film-making business and controlling its writers, stars, etc.; (hence) the motion picture industry itself in this period.
Origin
Mid 19th century; earliest use found in The Leeds Mercury.