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单词 scratch
释义

scratch

/skratʃ /
verb
1 [with object] Score or mark the surface of (something) with a sharp or pointed object: the car’s paintwork was battered and scratched [no object]: he scratched at a stain on his jacket...
  • As you can see in the picture below, a deliberate attempt to damage the mousing surface by scratching it with a key caused very little damage.
  • Let only the flat edge of the blade touch the surface to prevent scratching it.
  • Never use abrasives on either anodized or painted surfaces as they will scratch it.

Synonyms

score, abrade, scrape, roughen, scuff (up), lacerate, groove, gash, engrave, incise, gouge
1.1Make a long, narrow superficial wound in the skin of: her arms were scratched by the thorns I scratched myself on the tree...
  • If your child cuts or scratches his or her skin, be sure to use soap and water to clean the area because open wounds are more susceptible to warts and other infections.
  • He dropped one hand and the one on her chin was drawn away with the nails toward her skin, so he scratched her slightly.
  • Wambach's skin had been scratched and bruised in several places.

Synonyms

graze, scrape, abrade, rasp, skin, rub raw, cut, lacerate, bark, chafe, strip, flay, wound
technical excoriate
1.2Rub (a part of one’s body) with one’s fingernails to relieve itching: Jessica lifted her sunglasses and scratched her nose...
  • Then it started on my face and some other parts of my body which you cannot scratch in public.
  • Huck itches all over and tries not to scratch himself so he doesn't make any noise.
  • ‘Uh, yea,’ Mark said scratching the back of his neck and walking closer to me.

Synonyms

rub, claw (at), scrape, tear at
1.3 [with object and adverbial] Make (a mark or hole) by scoring a surface with a sharp or pointed object: I found two names scratched on one of the windowpanes...
  • A while ago, while in Northern Ireland, I saw someone had scratched the name INLA into the wood of a door in a stall.
  • Most often, the entire presentation surface of a redware object was covered with white slip, and a design was then scratched into the surface.
  • Engraving is done by scratching a drawing with a sharp tool on a metal sheet and then making a print from the scratched lines.
1.4Write (something) hurriedly or awkwardly.He held out the paper again, so I hurriedly scratched my name on his dotted line....
  • He went on marking things down on his clipboard, violently scratching a multitude of checks and notations onto the paper.
  • Then, driven by whatever strange spirit possesses them, they begin monitoring speed, distance and trajectory, scratching their findings into notebooks.
1.5 [with object and adverbial] Remove (something) from something else by pulling a sharp implement over it: he scratched away the plaster...
  • The lines have been scratched out using a needle, on a canvas smeared with oil colours.
  • No way did I want my eyes scratched out by those freshly manicured nails.
  • Cleanup crews watched in horror as otters scratched out their own eyes to rid them of oil.
1.6 [no object] Make a rasping or grating noise by scraping something over a hard surface: the dog scratched to be let in (as noun scratching) there was a sound of scratching behind the wall...
  • Yes, something was behind the vent, scratching to get out.
  • She scratches at the wall but it doesn't sound the same.
  • Its huge feet and long legs kept up with her easily, its clawed hands were stretched out ready to grab her, scratching against the walls, making a spine shilling noise.
1.7 [no object] (Of a bird or mammal, especially a chicken) rake the ground with the beak or claws in search of food: the hens cannot do anything that comes naturally to them, such as scratch around...
  • She could here the birds scratching at the ground outside her tent, the leaves on on the tree by the door blowing in the brisk wind.
  • As they talked, one of his chickens scratched up a coin that the young Swede recognised (so he says) as bearing the head of the Emperor Augustus.
  • The man still thinks in terms of animal manure and chickens scratching in the yard.
1.8 [no object] (scratch for) Search for (someone or something that is hard to locate or find): he’s still scratching around for a woman to share his life...
  • Sometimes you have to grind out a result and we did that, we fought and scratched for it.
  • Will this project encourage the creation of new and original art; or will it simply boost the local economy and leave artists scratching for the remaining crumbs?
  • When journalists were scratching for stories, the Greens’ drug policy was all but a godsend.

Synonyms

search, hunt (around), cast about/around/round, rummage (around), forage (about), poke around/about, scrabble, grub about/around, root (around), scavenge, fish about/around, rake around, feel around, grope (around), nose around/about/round, ferret (about/around)
1.9Accomplish (something) with great effort or difficulty: Tabitha wondered how long the woman had been scratching a living on the waterways...
  • The rare few that still survived clung on at the edge of society, scratching a living from what little they could find in their woodland domains.
  • He may not have felt so desperate if poverty hadn't forced him into exile: illegal, paralysed, scratching a living for the smallest slice of pie.
  • We think that our people were made for better things than scratching a living from tourism.
1.10 [no object] (scratch along) Make a living with difficulty: many architects now scratch along doing loft conversions...
  • He was working ‘for those toiling and unemployed millions who do not get even a square meal a day and have to scratch along with a piece of stale roti and a pinch of salt.’
  • A few of them earn quite well, but most scratch along putting in long hours and earning no more than average wages.
2 [with object] Cancel or strike out (writing) with a pen or pencil: the name of Dr McNab was scratched out and that of Dr Dunstaple substituted...
  • It had over a dozen different words written on it and all were scratched out except for the last.
  • It is an explanation consistent with the typing of his name on the deed only to be scratched out and Adam's name written in.
  • It's full of marks and words that are scratched out here and there.

Synonyms

cross out, strike out, score out, delete, erase, remove, strike off, eliminate, cancel, expunge, obliterate
2.1Withdraw (a competitor) from a competition: Jolie’s Halo was scratched from a minor stakes race at Monmouth Park...
  • Failure to play before the deadline may result in both players being scratched from the competition without notice.
  • The committee have decided that players who have not played the games by that date will be automatically scratched from the competition.
  • Jeter was the starter in last year's All-Star Game at Turner Field, but only because Rodriguez had to be scratched from the game due to injury.

Synonyms

withdraw, pull out (of), back out (of), bow out (of), stand down, give up, leave, quit
2.2 [no object] (Of a competitor) withdraw from a competition: due to a knee injury she was forced to scratch from the race...
  • Both silver medalists at the Athens Olympics have had to scratch from their event.
  • He scratched too from an exhibition match after the ladies final of the US Open.
  • Only four of the original 15 entrants scratched out of the race, which was contested over a muddy track.
2.3Cancel or abandon (an undertaking or project): banks seem prepared to scratch stabilization charges...
  • Wednesday's launch was scratched because of a reading of low current from a battery system on the rocket's second stage.
  • Actually, scratch that, it sounds too much like we live in a lost and found shoebox.
  • York RI will also play a fixture originally scratched because of poor weather when they travel to Northallerton in Yorkshire Three.
3 [no object] (often as noun scratching) Play a record using the scratch technique (sense 2 of the noun): the practices of rap and scratching...
  • When I work with Obscure, I try to think of what can be done with scratching on this record that hasn't been done before.
  • Shakespearean rhyming couplets have been adapted for rap with an on-stage DJ scratching, beatboxing and grooving right along with the performers.
  • The album, which mixes rap lyrics, hip-hop beats, scratching, samples and live guitar, is now available to local people.
noun
1A mark or wound made by scratching: the scratches on her arm were throbbing...
  • Notice the puncture marks, scratches and big gash all the way to the lower right
  • Which card is more likely to be marked by nicks and scratches on its edges?
  • The black scuff marks and smaller scratches left last Friday night don't bother me as much - they're merely cosmetic.

Synonyms

score, mark, line, abrasion, scrape, scuff, laceration, groove, gash, gouge
1.1 [in singular] informal A slight or insignificant wound or injury: it’s nothing—just a scratch...
  • Have you ever been in an accident where you should've been hurt, even killed- and came out with only small injuries, or without a scratch?
  • I spent a year in Vietnam and came home without a scratch.
  • Thankfully this man was apprehended safely and all the officers were able to walk away without a scratch.

Synonyms

graze, scrape, abrasion, cut, laceration, wound
1.2 [in singular] An act or spell of scratching oneself to relieve itching: he gave his scalp a good scratch...
  • The women resume their conversation and the dogs, no longer interested in each other have a scratch or look for more interesting smells to divert their attention.
  • When you've got an itch on your back you'll do anything for a scratch and there's not much in the ocean to rub against.
  • I picked up the paper clip as my mind told me ‘Just one little scratch wont hurt.’
1.3A rasping or grating noise produced by something rubbing against a hard surface: the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette...
  • The only other noises were the scratches of the rats claws as they helped themselves to whatever was stored in their sanctuary.
  • Embedded within Pole's framework of clicks, snaps and scratches are subtle yet absorbing layers of sound.
  • First came the sound of voices outside, a familiar chitter of laughter, then the scratch at the door.
1.4 [mass noun] A rough hiss, caused by the friction of the stylus in the groove, heard when a record is played.The sound quality is fine, much as it was on the original LPs - minus the surface noise and scratches, however....
  • The scratches and surface noise of Jeck's vinyl further emphasise this notion.
  • Yes, they were free from the scratches, clicks and pops that plagued records, but otherwise perfect they weren't.
2 [mass noun] A technique, used especially in rap music, of stopping a record by hand and moving it back and forwards to give a rhythmic scratching effect: [as modifier]: a scratch mix...
  • Do you find it hard to beat juggle and scratch as opposed to blending the records to entertain the crowds?
  • Hip Hop and Jazz tunes were superbly mixed with turntable scratch and an infectious piano line that dictate the film's progression.
  • From the first scratch to the last, this album is dope.
3 [mass noun] (In sport) the starting point in a race for a competitor that is not given a handicap or advantage: a 631-metres handicap, when the excellent stayer, Too Fast, will be off scratch...
  • Faced with having to give them a head-start of 7, he called it evens and had them starting at scratch instead.
  • Start and scratch is 6.45 pm, with venues to be announced at a later date.
Originally denoting a boundary or starting line for sports competitors
3.1 Golf A handicap of zero, indicating that a player is good enough to achieve par on a course: he plays off scratch in University golf...
  • He went part-time at Springfield Park, where he works in the shop, to concentrate on his game and has reduced his ranking to scratch.
  • The others are to play for the county girls and seniors and get my handicap down from six to scratch.
  • Little Amy, 13, who receives England ‘birdie’ training, wants to get down to scratch.
4 [mass noun] informal Money: he was working to get some scratch together...
  • By '99 they saved up enough scratch to record a full-length album, Rock and Roll Port Three.
  • As for material resources, some bloggers are now able to earn some scratch, but this is an effect rather than a cause of their success.
  • I've done some columns, I've had some freelance gigs, and Smith has gotten me some scratch working for the Internet site.
adjective [attributive]
1Assembled or made from whatever is available, and so unlikely to be of the highest quality: City were fielding a scratch squad...
  • There followed a scurry round to assemble a scratch team, kit them up, organise travel arrangements etc.
  • Bath took the game to the Italians with a scratch squad and did so with such determination that there was never any argument about this result.
  • A scratch crew from the rest of current affairs had to do the job instead.
2(Of a sports competitor or event) with no handicap given: he was a scratch player at many courses...
  • I never ever did beat Jonno off a scratch event, but Harry used to make sure that Jon always gave me a start and I'd get the best out of myself by trying to stay in front.
  • He was a scratch player at 12 and had a stellar international record as an amateur.
  • I won't get the benefit of those eighteen shots because it is a scratch event but at least I could make an attempt at qualifying.

Phrases

from scratch

scratch a —— and find a ——

scratch one's head

scratch the surface

up to scratch

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

Derivatives

scratcher

noun ...
  • It came across as something of a head scratcher, like a grouchy surfer getting territorial over an epic swell.
  • Seven years on at the age of 24, the self-taught scratcher is a familiar face on the South Lakeland music scene.
  • They began digging in their spot, wielding nothing more sophisticated than garden scratchers and shovels.

Origin

Late Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.

  • Two English dialect words with the same meaning, scrat and cratch, probably combined to form scratch in the medieval period. The origins of from scratch, ‘from the very beginning, without making use of any previous work’, lie in the sporting world. In the past certain sports such as cycling and running sometimes used a particular handicap system. A line or mark, known as the scratch, was drawn to indicate the starting position for all competitors except those who had been awarded an advantage: they were allowed to start a little way in front. So a competitor starting from scratch would start from a position without any advantage. The expression up to scratch, meaning ‘up to the required standard’, also comes from this practice, as originally it referred to someone who was good enough to start from the scratch line. Napoleon had bad experiences in Russia. In 1812 the severity of the Russian winter and the resistance of the Russian people forced his retreat from Moscow. Of the Russians Napoleon is reported to have said ‘scratch the Russian and you will find the Tartar’. Whether or not this is true, from 1823 the saying is referred to in English, and people began to use the formula scratch X and find Y of other nationalities and persons. George Bernard Shaw wrote in St Joan in 1924: ‘Scratch an Englishman, and find a Protestant’, while Dorothy Parker wrote in 1937 ‘Scratch a lover, and find a foe’.

Rhymes

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更新时间:2024/9/20 13:54:16