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单词 burn
释义

burn1

/bəːn /
verb (past and past participle burned or chiefly British burnt)
1 [no object] (Of a fire) flame or glow while consuming a material such as coal or wood: a fire burned and crackled cheerfully in the grate...
  • And warning signs include soot stains on or above appliances, coal or wood fires burning slowly or going out and everyone at home feeling ill at the same time.
  • There was a bonfire burning in the fire pit and camp chairs set up.
  • When we came back, we could just see a great cloud of smoke and in the evening the red glow of fire still burning.

Synonyms

be on fire, be alight, be ablaze, blaze, go up, go up in smoke, be in flames, be aflame;
smoulder, glow, flare, flash, flicker
literary be afire
archaic be ardent
1.1(Of a candle or other source of light) be alight: a light was burning in the hall...
  • Without the flash, the solitary candle burning inside was the source of light, and the photo really shows up the carving and the fact that it is a Halloween pumpkin.
  • The arsonist is believed to have used two large candles from the altar - which he lit from smaller candles burning in a sand-filled bowl - to carry out the attack.
  • It is as if there is a small candle burning in the room: bring a bigger light into the room and the small candle simply loses all significance.
1.2Be in flames: by nightfall, the whole city was burning...
  • From where she was, it seemed like the whole City was burning.
  • And the city duly burned for four days, the flames jumping 20 blocks northwards every hour on the first night.
  • Border City burned, the magical flames from Uriko's spell spreading out from near its center, engulfing the whole city.
1.3 [with object] Use (a type of fuel) as a source of heat or energy: a diesel engine converted to burn natural gas...
  • Using energy, mainly by burning fossil fuels, produces waste carbon dioxide.
  • Currently we get most of our energy from burning fossil fuels.
  • Most backup diesel generators burn distillate fuel oil, the same fuel used for heating and for aircraft.
1.4 [with object] (Of the body of a person or animal) convert (calories) to energy: exercise does help to burn up calories...
  • When you drink water, your body burns extra calories.
  • This can disrupt the work of the thyroid gland, which regulates how our bodies burn calories.
  • Regular exercise increases the rate your body burns calories.
2Be or cause to be destroyed by fire: [no object]: he watched his restaurant burn to the ground [with object]: he burned all the letters...
  • Grams finally got us all in there, and much to my surprise, the walls did not ignite and burn to the ground.
  • So every hut we find that has a bunker we are ordered to burn to the ground.
  • Africa could safely burn to the ground and beneath before they would go back there again.

Synonyms

set fire to, set on fire, set alight, set light to, light, set burning, ignite, touch off, put a match to, kindle, incinerate, reduce to ashes, destroy by fire
informal torch
archaic fire, inflame
2.1Be or cause to be damaged, injured, or spoiled by heat or fire: [with object]: I burned myself on the stove [no object]: the toast’s burning...
  • Miraculously he never burned himself or set the house on fire.
  • Ricky burned himself trying to make toast and got a blister on his hand, but he felt he was managing.
  • Mrs Dhariwal said to her son: ‘I have burned myself and I want to kill myself.’

Synonyms

scorch, singe, sear, char, blacken, discolour, brand;
scald
technical cauterize, calcine
rare torrefy
2.2 [no object] (Of the skin) become red and painful through exposure to the sun: my skin tans easily but sometimes burns...
  • As summer came on, his skin was burning or peeling, white or red; he never browned.
  • An added problem is the ‘Celtic’ skin type which is common in Scotland: fairer skins burn more easily, and burns mean more skin cancer risk.
  • He also commented on the lack of moisturiser as his skin burned, peeled and then peeled again in the blazing sun.
2.3 [no object] Feel hot or sore, typically as a result of illness or injury: her forehead was burning and her throat ached...
  • All were in bad temper and soaking wet, eyes burning and sore from the oceans' salt as they sat along the disheveled bank.
  • My hips were sore and my thighs burned from the repeated kicking.
  • You can relieve dry mouth, which may cause your mouth to burn or feel sore, by drinking plenty of water.

Synonyms

smart, sting, tingle, prick, prickle, be irritated, be sore, hurt, be painful, throb, ache
3 (be burning with) Be entirely possessed by (a desire or an emotion): Martha was burning with curiosity...
  • Although Indira was burning with the desire to pursue what she had glimpsed of the sage's philosophy, practical matters had intervened - in their usual, overwhelming manner.
  • The shop was on his way to work, and as he walked the same route every day, by the second day that he noticed the vest in the window, he was burning with desire.
  • ‘The truth is the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance on South Carolina,’ he had written on Christmas Eve, 1864.

Synonyms

be consumed by/with, be eaten up by/with, be obsessed by/with, be tormented by/with, be bedevilled by
seethe, boil, fume, smoulder, simmer, be boiling over, be beside oneself
informal be livid, be wild, jump up and down, froth/foam at the mouth
4 [no object, with adverbial of direction] informal Drive very fast: a despatch rider burning up the highways...
  • We burned up the highways and dirt roads all over Erath County.
  • They were going into Andover for the day, so they quickly burned past us.
  • I burned down the road as fast as I could go and sure enough I found a nice little out of the way hotel.
5 [with object] Produce (a CD or DVD) by copying from an original or master copy.You can purchase and download hardware and software MPEG Encoders to burn a DVD....
  • Only one measure can be used against widespread cloning of prerecorded audio media by burning CDRs: copy protection!
  • C-Cube, Henry adds, has been in the digital business since the first DVDs were burned.
noun
1An injury caused by exposure to heat or flame: he was treated in hospital for burns to his hands...
  • Jake, who was eight months old at the time, suffered heat burns rather than direct flame injuries and was in intensive care for two weeks.
  • Post-mortem tests showed the boy had suffered serious head injuries and burns to nearly all of his body.
  • The flames were soon doused but the patient suffered burns to an arm.
1.1A mark left on something as a result of being burned: the carpet was covered in cigarette burns...
  • It can leave the back marked with burns and hickeys.
  • A burn marked his coat, but there didn't seem to be any bleeding of burns on his skin.
  • Bullet marks and burns could be seen all over the hull.
1.2An injury caused by friction: they found rope burns around her waist...
  • Cleo was dumped next to him, her hands and feet bound with coarse rope that caused friction burns on her skin.
  • Without the proper equipment, a worker risks injuries such as abrasions, or friction burns.
  • Medical evidence was given to the inquest that death was caused by asphyxia secondary to compression with fractures of the ribs and friction burns.
1.3A hot, painful sensation in the muscles experienced as a result of sustained vigorous exercise.You know that painful burn in your muscles when you're exercising intensely, that's because of a build-up of lactic acid, right?...
  • If you're one of those souls who is blessed with gym discipline or a YMCA membership, then you know how satisfying the lingering burn of energized muscles can be.
  • So the coach of course is not experiencing the pain of the athlete who's running, for example and who's now in a state of oxygen debt and experiencing muscle burn and so forth.
2Consumption of a type of fuel as an energy source: natural gas produces the cleanest burn of the lot...
  • It also asserts that the fuel burn is 21-22 per cent lower per seat for the longer-range 777s.
  • Best economy fuel burns at the above settings are 14 and 11 gph, respectively.
  • The airline captain records a fuel burn of 9 gph per engine on his Geronimo, seemingly irrespective of altitude.
2.1A firing of a rocket engine in flight.The burn will slow the spacecraft's speed by 102 meters per second....
  • Were it not for the engine burn, the spacecraft would have accelerated far more and continued on to the outer reaches of the Solar System.
  • The US Delta launch vehicle upper stage now performs such a burn to depletion.
3North American & Australian /NZ An act of clearing of vegetation by burning.In the period prior to the bush fire danger period, landholders are still responsible for any burning activity including pile burns or broad acre burns....
  • This is the time to be planning for quick removal of the residue and an early burn to allow good regrowth going into the winter.
  • They coordinated and conducted an airfield burn of 160 acres, which reduced the safe habitat for small vermin.
3.1An area of land cleared by burning vegetation.She says that their land extends to about an acre, with a burn running through it....
  • Harsh, high-elevation burn areas provide excellent seedbeds for this species.
  • There can be too much of a good thing, however - burn areas with heavier snow packs are susceptible to avalanche.
4British informal A cigarette.I just sat there, having a burn, dressed to go home.

Phrases

be burned at the stake

burn one's bridges (or boats)

burn the candle at both ends

burn a hole in someone's pocket

burn the midnight oil

burn (also lay) rubber

go for the burn

have something to burn

a slow burn

Phrasal verbs

burn something down (or burn down)

burn something into

burn something off

burn out

burn someone out

burn something out

burn up

burn someone up

Origin

Old English birnan 'be on fire' and bærnan 'consume by fire', both from the same Germanic base; related to German brennen.

  • The burn meaning ‘to be on fire’ and the Scottish word for a small stream are not connected, although both are Old English. To burn the midnight oil, ‘to read or work late into the night’, and to burn the candle at both ends, ‘to go to bed late and get up early’, both recall the days before gas and electricity, when houses were lit by candles and oil lamps. To burn your boats (in Britain also to burn your bridges) derives from military campaigns. Burning the boats or bridges that a force used to reach a particular position would mean that they had destroyed any means of escape or retreat: they had no choice but to fight on.

Rhymes

burn2

/bəːn /
noun Scottish & Northern English
A small stream.Make sure you are casting where saltwater meets the fresh of a burn, stream or river....
  • Rivers and burns became torrents and turned the colour of pus.
  • The hill burns are torrents of water and the main river a chocolate flood.

Origin

Old English burna, burn(e), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bron and German Brunnen 'well'.

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更新时间:2024/12/23 14:52:07