Mid 17th century; earliest use found in James Wright (bap. 1644, d. 1716/17), antiquary and author. From the name of Languedoc + -ian, after French languedocien, †languedochien (noun) inhabitant of Languedoc, dialect of Occitan spoken in Languedoc, (adjective) of, belonging to, or characteristic of Languedoc or its inhabitants (although this is apparently first attested later: 1714 in idiome languedocien, designating the dialect).