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单词 jump
释义

jump

/dʒʌmp /
verb
1 [no object, usually with adverbial of direction] Push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the muscles in one’s legs and feet: the cat jumped off his lap he jumped twenty-five feet to the ground...
  • But he soon found himself soaked with icy water, after jumping over a fifteen foot wall to reach the narrow riverbank.
  • The burglar then jumped 30 feet to freedom out of a window.
  • It was a brave decision because he had to jump about 15 feet down into the river in the dark.
1.1 [with object] Pass over (an obstacle or barrier) by jumping: one of the deer tried to jump the ditch...
  • Despite our best efforts, the deer had easily jumped our carefully erected fence.
  • Visitors are ignoring numerous written and verbal warnings not to exit the building, and are jumping barriers or opening fire exits to get on to the mountain.
  • When she questioned them one of the men punched her in the face, leaving her with a swollen eye and a gash to the forehead, before the pair jumped the barriers and ran off.

Synonyms

vault (over), leap over, clear, sail over, hop over, go over, leapfrog;
pole-vault, hurdle
1.2 [with adverbial] (Of an athlete or horse) perform in a competition involving jumping over obstacles: his horse jumped well and won by five lengths...
  • Two riders jumped steady clears to finish ahead of Joanne, but she held on to the third ticket after an agonising wait.
  • Fantasia jumped lazily the first time, but cantered after the fence - a sure sign your horse jumped well.
  • ‘He was beaten by a very good horse but he jumped well and battled well,’ he said.
1.3(Especially of prices or figures) rise suddenly and by a large amount: pre-tax profits jumped from £51,000 to £1.03 million...
  • Fuel prices in Perth are also on the rise, with the average unleaded price jumping from 84.7 cents a litre on Monday to 92.4 cents yesterday.
  • On Monday, European oil stocks performed well as the price of oil jumped to its highest level in three months.
  • China's coal prices have jumped more than 40 per cent over the past year.

Synonyms

rise, go up, leap up, shoot up, soar, surge;
climb, increase, mount, escalate, spiral
informal skyrocket
1.4 informal (Of a place) be full of lively activity: the bar is jumping on Fridays and Saturdays...
  • The place was jumping, yes a little bit over crowded, and slightly pretentious, but that just added to the atmosphere.
  • Well get down to the Dooney some night this week, because the place is literally jumping with the best music and craic around.
  • The annual regatta fortnight is held over the final week of July and first week of August, a time when the place is jumping with visitors and locals alike.
1.5 [with object] informal (Of driver or a vehicle) fail to stop at (a red traffic light): she jumped at least seven red lights...
  • They were installed at traffic lights along the busy A630 Balby corridor last March to stop motorists jumping red lights.
  • Leigh's car was seen driving at high speeds close to another car and both vehicles jumped a red light.
  • Another idea is placing cameras on traffic lights to catch drivers jumping red lights.

Synonyms

ignore, disregard, fail to stop at, drive through, overshoot
informal run
1.6 [with object] Get on or off (a train or other vehicle) quickly, typically illegally or dangerously: he jumped a freight train on the German border...
  • Money was tight and we had to keep low, so we jumped a freight train to get back to New York.
  • I wound up jumping freight trains, going to Texas and not going to school, working in the oil fields, bucking hay, and doing all kinds of stuff.
  • Our hero took his chance and legged it, grabbing his coat and case and jumping train miles from home.
1.7 [with object] North American Take summary possession of (a mining concession or other piece of land) after alleged abandonment or forfeiture by the former occupant: the same long story about the time somebody jumped his claim...
  • During an argument over which settler had the right to jump the land claim of an Indiana lumber company, Coleman shot Dow in the back.
  • After Deborah wins Linda's quarter-section from Crook by jumping the claim, she and Eden develop the land and begin extracting manganese from the hill at the center of the property.
2 [no object, usually with adverbial] (Of a person) move suddenly and quickly in a specified way: Juliet jumped to her feet they jumped back into the car and drove off...
  • Adam was quiet for a few minutes, then he suddenly jumped to his feet.
  • I heard someone coming up the stairs, so I quickly jumped into bed, and hid the backpack under the covers.
  • They immediately jumped to their feet, their faces flushed with guilt, just as Mr. Christensen walked in.
2.1(Of a person) make a sudden involuntary movement in reaction to something that causes surprise or shock: an owl hooted nearby, making her jump...
  • The man, surprised by this sudden movement jumped, and screamed.
  • We all jumped, surprised that she was even paying attention.
  • Whenever something fell or moved, she'd jump in surprise.

Synonyms

start, jerk, jolt, flinch, recoil, twitch, wince;
shudder, shake, quiver
informal jump out of one's skin
2.2Pass quickly or abruptly from one idea, subject, or state to another: the book jumps constantly from Brooklyn to Harlem...
  • The storyline jumps forward and backward in time in non-linear fragments.
  • While the script jumps forward and backwards in time, Rose leaves more unexplained than he should.
  • He was talking really fast, jumping from one subject to the next, probably hoping that he would not have to listen to what I had to say.
2.3 [with object] Omit or skip over (part of something) and pass on to a further point or stage.Andrew Drury put in a near perfect performance that enabled him to jump a grade by skipping the yellow belt all together and moving up to orange belt....
  • But with tears streaming down my face it was easy to jump the dozen places to the front of the taxi queue.
  • Chuck was happy that his daughter was smart enough to jump a grade, but at the same time, it disturbed him. She was growing up so fast.
2.4(Of a machine or device) move or jerk suddenly and abruptly: the vibration can cause the needle to jump...
  • As I squeezed the trigger, the sound was deafening, the gun jumped uncontrollably in my hands.
  • The polygraph needles jumped and the readings scrolled out.
  • I see him pointing right at me, the gun jumping in his hands.
2.5(Of a person) make a sudden, impulsive rush to do something: Gordon jumped to my defence...
  • So he would know not to jump right into a relationship with you!
  • Whenever suffering appears we quickly jump to someone's aid.
  • As quickly as he had jumped to judge Tyler, Jon was learning to have pity for him.
2.6 Bridge Make a bid that is higher than necessary, in order to signal a strong hand: East jumped to four spades...
  • If responder has a count of 12 points he can jump straight to three No-Trumps.
2.7 [with object] informal Attack (someone) suddenly and unexpectedly: he was jumped by seven men as he opened the front door of his home...
  • Victim of a seemingly random attack, he was jumped and kicked to a pulp as he made his way home from a 21st birthday celebration.
  • Micky Adams is walking down the ramp when suddenly he is jumped from behind by a little guy dressed all in black.
  • Just as he was about to break the lock off the carriage door, he was suddenly jumped from behind.
3North American vulgar slang Have sexual intercourse with (someone).
4 [with object] North American informal Start (a vehicle) using jump leads: I jumped his saloon from my car’s battery...
  • The man on the next farm comes and jumps the battery and goes home again, and I give him a few dollars each time it happens.
  • I jumped his Buick from the Bronco's battery.
noun
1An act of jumping from a surface by pushing upwards with one’s legs and feet: in making the short jump across the gully he lost his balance...
  • Both granddad and grandson were taken to hospital suffering from smoke inhalation and David had also injured his foot after the jump from the top of the house, but they had made it.
  • A virtuoso soubrette dancer noted for her light, springy jumps, strong feet, and sunny disposition, she was a favourite of Ashton's.
  • Tournament skiers like David have long exceeded the 100-feet mark for the jump.

Synonyms

leap, spring, vault, bound, hop;
bounce, skip
1.1An obstacle to be jumped, especially by a horse and rider in an equestrian competition: the horse made a nonsense of the second jump...
  • The ‘Blues’ were to win almost every major race in Europe and America, on the flat as well as over the jumps and in harness racing.
  • Any horse falling at the trial jump or twice refusing is not allowed to compete.
  • The award is aimed at recognising consistently good performances in the major races of the jumps season.

Synonyms

obstacle, barrier;
fence, hurdle, rail, hedge, gate
1.2An act of descending from an aircraft by parachute: she will make a sponsored jump at Thruxton Airfield a parachute jump...
  • But as Halvorsen said, the challenge for high-building jumping is to open the parachute successfully during the jump.
  • Now, nearly 13 years later, she has decided to do a parachute jump to raise money for the special care baby unit at Great Western Hospital.
  • At once terrifying and thrilling, many would consider a parachute jump to be the experience of a lifetime.
1.3A sudden dramatic rise in amount, price, or value: a 51 per cent jump in annual profits...
  • The study blamed rapidly expanding road networks and a sharp increase in flights for the dramatic jump in air, noise and light pollution in the past decade.
  • Inflation in the UK took a sudden upward jump last month, rising to an annual rate of 2.6%.
  • We just found out the other day that gross domestic product rose 3.8 percent, a huge jump.

Synonyms

rise, leap, increase, upturn, upsurge, upswing, spiralling, lift, escalation, elevation, boost, advance, augmentation
informal hike
1.4A large or sudden transition or change: the jump from county to Test cricket...
  • Employers have to rethink the way they treat older workers - a gradual glide into retirement being much better than a sudden jump.
  • Of course, I flew from London to Istanbul, so it was a sudden jump from one culture to another, rather than a gradual shift.
  • Moreover, the transition between these two regimes is known to be sharp; it is a true discontinuity, a sudden jump rather than a smooth gradation.
1.5 Bridge A bid that is higher than necessary, signalling strength: a jump to four indicates support for responder’s suit...
  • Generally, a jump bid indicates to your (still-bidding) partner that there is at least one suit for which you cannot supply a card needed for the run.
2North American vulgar slang, dated An act of sexual intercourse.
3A sudden involuntary movement caused by shock or surprise: I woke up with a jump...
  • Jenny gave a jump of surprise and turned bright red.
  • Upon recognizing who it was, I gave a jump of surprise.
  • I sat down rather suddenly next to Ming, who, evidently startled, gave a little jump in surprise.

Synonyms

start, jerk, sudden movement, involuntary movement, convulsive movement, spasm, twitch, wince;
shudder, quiver, shake
3.1 (the jumps) informal Extreme nervousness or anxiety: you get the jumps—you feel like J. Edgar Hoover’s on your tail

Phrases

be jumping up and down

get (or have) the jump on someone

jump bail

jump someone's bones

jump down someone's throat

jump for joy

jump the gun

jump in with both feet

jump into bed with

jump on the bandwagon

jump out of one's skin

jump the queue (or jump in line)

jump the rails (or track)

jump the shark

jump ship

jump through hoops

jump to conclusions

jump to it!

one jump ahead

Phrasal verbs

jump at

jump off

jump on

jump out

Derivatives

jumpable

adjective ...
  • But on perfect going, the imaginative course was perfectly jumpable and although only two of the 25 starters returned clear, five more made just a single error.
  • There are plenty of jumpable walls around the garden, after all.
  • I was given what was said to be a quiet horse, but was warned that it might try to jump anything jumpable.

Origin

Early 16th century (in the sense 'be moved or thrown with a sudden jerk'): probably imitative of the sound of feet coming into contact with the ground.

  • Like bump (mid 16th century) and thump (mid 16th century), jump was probably formed because it ‘sounded right’, and seemed to express the sound of feet hitting the ground. It was first used around 1500. To jump the gun, or act too soon, comes from the idea of an athlete starting a race a split-second before they hear the starting gun. A jumpsuit was a term first used in the USA in the 1940s for the outfit worn by parachutists when making their jumps. Jumper (mid 19th century) is unrelated. In the 19th century it was a loose outer jacket worn by sailors and is now a woollen jersey in UK English, but a style of dress in the USA. It may come from Scots jupe, ‘a loose jacket or tunic’, which in turn came through French from Arabic jubba.

Rhymes

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更新时间:2024/12/24 9:33:33