单词	penology
释义	penology /piːˈnɒlədʒi / noun [mass noun] The study of the punishment of crime and of prison management.He contributed ideas on education, political economy, psychology, penology, law, history, and political theory, which he set out in five books and over 1,000 essays.... With penology and prisons came the idea of rehabilitation, again somewhat inappropriate given the difference in civilian and military perceptions of undesirable character traits. ‘The history of penology,’ he went on, ‘is the saddest chapter in the history of civilization.’ Derivatives penological /piːnəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adjective ... That decision made clear courts would defer to prison administrators so long as they were acting out of legitimate penological interests. Although written like a novel, contemporary material is extensively used to bring out the 19th century penological penchant for capital punishment. For most of the 20th century it was penological orthodoxy in the United States that juvenile offenders presented a special case and needed special courts, procedures, and treatment options. penologist /piːˈnɒlədʒɪst / noun ... Similarly, the study of punishment and the efficacy of the various sentencing options available to the courts is a matter for penologists to consider. It might've come as a surprise to penologists that there are so many empty cells, since the overcrowding of Britain's prisons is legendary. All the criminologist, penologist, and sociologist can get together and talk their theories and smack about recidivism and rehabilitation. Origin Mid 19th century: from Latin poena 'penalty' + -logy.
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