Definition of extract in English:

extract

verb ɛkˈstraktɪkˈstraktɪkˈstrækt

[with object]

1Remove or take out, especially by effort or force.
the fossils are extracted from the chalk
Example sentencesExamples
- Strawberry genomic DNA was extracted from achenes removed from W1-stage strawberry fruits as described previously.
- Both are specialists in mountain warfare and could be used to extract special forces groups already operating inside Afghanistan.
- A highly prized delicacy, dried swallow spittle is extracted from nests gathered in Southeast Asia.
- Operating in heavy fire, the column finally extracted the pinned-down forces and their captives, but 18 Americans lost their lives in the process.
- Your sense of impending doom is heightened when one reports that his efforts to extract cash from an automated teller machine were fruitless.
- The simplest way to deal with the problem is to extract the software, remove the old binary, then build anew.
- It took rescue workers until after dawn to extract the body from the rubble around the crushed stairwell where it was found.
- Frantic efforts were made to extract her, but after 40 minutes all movements ceased.
- Once you have extracted the seeds, you can continue to investigate cardamom's dual role.
- The snail's venom kills the fish, but it can then be safely extracted from the fish's tissue.
- Free amino compounds were extracted from tissue homogenates according to the procedure described by Shaul and Galili.
- Next, a nucleus with a complete set of DNA is meticulously extracted from a single cell, itself removed painlessly from the skin or body of the living organism that's to be cloned.
- The main function of the colon is to conserve water within the body by extracting it from the bowel contents.
- Women wailed and slapped their faces in grief; men scrambled through broken concrete in an effort to extract the dead - for few held out hope of finding anyone alive.
- Everyone quickly extracted the seeds from the Georgia cotton and soon our crop was in the ground.
- The resources required for transformation can only be extracted from the conventional force structure.
- The resulting embryos were allowed to develop in laboratory dishes for several days before the scientists cannibalised them to extract embryonic stem cells.
- And if we were going to have to use military force, we'd have to extract some of those forces relatively soon to deal with the North Korean issue.
- Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from two fish using a standard phenol and chloroform extraction protocol.
- The team will extract cores from the pila and analyze them later this year to assess the underwater curing rate of the concrete, he said.
Synonyms
take out, draw out, bring out, pull out, remove, withdraw, pluck out, fish out, prize out, extricate
wrench out, tear out, uproot, unsheathe
produce
free, release
rare deracinate
1. 1.1 Obtain (a substance or resource) from something by a special method.
  lead was extracted from the copper
  Example sentencesExamples
  The risk seems to be higher in people treated between the ages of 8 and 10 years, and in those who received growth hormone extracted by the Wilhelmi method.
  The catch is that the oil is extracted from cotton laden with toxic pesticides and fertilizers, and grown with genetically modified organisms.
  Clearly, the resources of Africa, the resources of Nigeria, are not going to benefit the people from the very region that resources are extracted from.
  Nucleic acids were extracted from grains of wheat using a modification of the CTAB protocol as described by SALLARES et al. 1995.
  The traditional method for extracting pure iron from its ore is to heat the ore in a blast furnace with limestone and coke.
  Mercury is now extracted from its ores by a method that has been used for hundreds of years.
  Thyroid hormones were extracted from tadpoles following previously described methods.
  The five-megawatt reactor at Yongbyon generates spent fuel rods laced with plutonium, but they must be removed and reprocessed to extract the plutonium for use in a nuclear weapon.
  Total sugars were extracted using the ethanol method as described above.
  Coconut or ‘copra’ oil is extracted from the coconut fruit.
  Soluble sugars were extracted using a modified method of Hasslemore and Roughan.
  The sugar is extracted from the slices by means of diffusion with hot water.
  Culture medium and cell-surface enzymes were extracted according to a method adapted from Wallner and Nevins.
  What is the oil and gas being extracted from Atlantic Canada being used for?
  For western consumption, the butter is extracted from unfermented nuts by boiling in water, either in the country of origin or in the importing country.
  The DNA including the red pigment gene is extracted from the apple.
  Much of that coal was extracted using surface mining methods, either by area or contour stripping and angering.
  Proteins extracted by the CTAB method were denatured in 1xSDS sample buffer prior to SDS-PAGE.
  Nevertheless, the most optimal method for extracting nucleic acid must also be determined for each specimen type.
  One of the methods used to extract caffeine from the coffee bean is called water processing.
  Synonyms
  squeeze out, express, separate, press out, obtain, distil
2. 1.2 Obtain (something such as money or information) from someone unwilling to give it.
  I won't let you go without trying to extract a promise from you
  Example sentencesExamples
  King always extracted a maximum effort and his underdogs performed better than they had a right to.
  In my experience, the best way to extract information from an unwilling subject is to put a bullet into one of his thighs.
  As in the case of the American South or Italian rural Fascism, the efforts being made to extract labour in the 1910s and 1920s tended to produce a particularly harsh system of control.
  There are schemes around to extract money from your pension, but taking money out of your pension early is generally a bad move.
  If your intention is to extract information, you cannot be accused of torture.
  Employing a fluent Anatolian dialect and using minimum force Barossa extracts a vital nugget of information from the somewhat stubborn barber.
  Taxes were paid, or extracted by force and the name of the king or the earl who ‘owned’ the land would make little difference to the ones working and living on it.
  The Government is using stealth taxes to extract money from households behind their backs.
  Despite promises of police reform, police continue to use torture to intimidate, harass and humiliate women detainees to extract money or information.
  Information extracted by torture tends to be false.
  Braverman suggests that Taylor saw ‘the problem’ of management as being how to control and extract effort from a potentially recalcitrant work force.
  The judicial system quickly learned to live with the fact that defendants appeared in court bearing signs of torture or testified that confessions had been extracted from them by force.
  Moreover, the presiding officer can admit previous evidence extracted by torture.
  It allows hard-pressed pensioners to extract money from their homes without having to sell them.
  During criminal investigation police frequently resort to torture to extract information from suspects while they are in their custody.
  Once you hand over your details, the fraudster either starts extracting small sums of money from you till you have nothing left, or simply drains your bank account and again leaves you with nothing.
  The bunch fills the road, riders snorting, heaving and blowing hard as they try to extract maximum effort from their tired bodies for one final frenzied lunge towards the line.
  Various means were adopted for extracting the maximum effort from the people with the minimum satisfaction of their needs.
  So many times in the past we've seen chairmen play silly negotiating games in a childish effort to extract a few more bob from a buying club.
  These systems do not work because genuine cooperation cannot be extracted from people by force.
  Synonyms
  wrest, exact, wring, screw, squeeze, milk, force, coerce, obtain by force, obtain by threat(s), extort, blackmail someone for, worm something out of someone
  North American &amp Australian informal put the bite on someone for
  archaic rack
3. 1.3 Select (a passage from a text, film, or piece of music) for quotation, performance, or reproduction.
  the table is extracted from the report
  Example sentencesExamples
  The inherent risk is loss/exposure of data if a hacker is able to extract the plain text.
  a local English-language magazine published a good roundup of the case in August, from which this mini biography is extracted.
  Once you have managed to extract the text you want and to format it to your taste, there is no reason to limit yourself to a manual use of the script, or to use it only at the console for that matter.
  They extracted the document recording the bet and officially ‘signed’ his admission of defeat with a thumbprint before returning the paper to the files for Thorne to discover later.
  We extracted records on 32 384 patients who had not received such a drug in the preceding three months.
  The relevant pages are extracted in those two volumes.
  The similarity lies in what is reported, and in the fixed data across columns, and there is much programming effort in extracting it from the database.
  Plugins can extract text that is trapped in files for full-text indexing.
  Then with suitable software you can both search for text and select and extract text for insertion into your own document.
  His piece was extracted in a high school text book.
  What we have done is undertaken our duty responsibly in seeking to extract the relevant documents from the relevant files so that only that which is relevant is before the court.
  I extract that text directly out of our new library system, we have a group library system now in our company, with 150 newspapers on the database.
  Third, since the program does not support the indexing function for Korean, it is difficult to extract Korean text for full-text document retrieval.
  To allow full-text retrieval ability, the system should be able to extract text from the transformed file.
  From the cause of death register we extracted a list of all people aged less than 76 years who committed suicide in Denmark from 1981 to 1997.
  They reviewed all relevant publications and extracted an extended list of potential checklist items.
  Each article was reviewed, and the content dealing with each of the Task Force issues was extracted from the literature.
  In select passages we have extracted in paragraph 18, they have made some extremely cautionary remarks about how the failure to give evidence should be used.
  Synonyms
  excerpt, select, choose, reproduce, repeat, copy, quote, cite, cull, take, abstract
4. 1.4 Derive (an idea) from a body of information.
  there are few attempts to extract generalities about the nature of the disciplines
  Example sentencesExamples
  NASA engineers and astronauts extracted a valuable lesson from this mission: It was difficult, if not impossible, to steer a spacecraft merely by eye.
  When one attempts to extract something meaningful from this passage, one faces an uphill struggle, yet this is by no means an isolated example of such wilful obfuscation and hyperbole.
  Plato's way of writing leaves us to extract ideas from different dialogues, put them together, and work out his position on a given issue.
  A defeat would not necessarily prove fatal and you can be sure that positives would be extracted from a draw, but a win for either side would be a giant step towards qualification with just two games remaining.
  It shows the hard times spent over attempts to extract a meaning out of signs.
  Despite her efforts to extract hope from tragedy, the war years continue to cast a long shadow over her life.
  We have attempted to extract ideas about culture from particular instances of cultural production (including discussion).
  A more profound student of the Civil War than Wolseley, Henderson took the lead in extracting important ideas from the American experience.
  And I hope that the effort required to extract a positive philosophical position from her letters has borne out this claim.
  Sophisticated analysis techniques allow researchers to extract meaningful results from spectral imaging data.
  Nicola Corboy extracts ideas from each of the six modules.
  Only the most dedicated wine-maker can extract any suggestion of Elbling's evanescent flavour of just-ripe apricots but this is a wine to appeal to viticultural archivists.
  In extracting the basic concepts of observation, description and communication from my visual education, I have literally defined myself as a coach.
  In an effort to extract additional insight from these data, we have used survival analysis to estimate a model of bear response to human activity.
  Those whose livelihood hinges on their ability to extract interesting thoughts from fundamentally uninteresting people have grown moustaches to signify their collective dolefuleness.
  Remember - he's extracting this idea out of a piece lamenting the possible destruction of New York.
  I am deeply afraid I will surprise him one day beating his head on the table in an effort to extract the solution he's seeking.
  To do this they extracted the mathematical ideas in each problem and communicated their reasoning about those ideas by mutually supporting their verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
  Then, elated with the tranquillity of aloneness, I sat upon dusty shoes extracting ideas from my brain to be written painfully into my journal.
  Millions of people look to her for ideas about how to live, to the point where that caller was hoping she could extract some ideas for living out of the prison experience.
  Synonyms
  derive, develop, evolve, deduce, infer, conclude, gather, elicit, obtain, get, take, gain, acquire, procure, attain, glean
  formal educe
2Mathematics
Calculate (a root of a number)
early computers had an instruction to extract a square root
Example sentencesExamples
- They question the computers, add and subtract, extract square roots, and then go into action.
- I was allowed to use the new Friden calculating machine which, shortly before its transformation into a relic, could also extract square roots.
- You will often find a button on your calculator which extracts roots (perhaps marked y x) near the button which computes the power of a number (marked x y).
- An ROM may be used in lieu of the squares and the device for extracting square root.

noun ˈɛkstraktˈɛkˌstrækt

1A short passage taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
an extract from a historical film
Example sentencesExamples
- Anyway, there are two extracts from the GW piece you should have caught.
- The first half of the play was pretty poor I thought consisting of not much more than set pieces - extracts from the public record - many of which we'd seen before on the TV.
- Westport Choral Society is a four part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from some old and some modern musicals.
- So these are authentic extracts from the text of those letters, are they?
- The Choral Society is a four-part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from musicals old and new.
- Interspersed with nostalgic video clips of the company, the programme moved through short works and extracts.
- A short extract from this film can be downloaded from the British Film Institute's Creative Archive.
- A short extract, chosen at random, gives the general flavour.
- Here are a few short extracts from the many letters that members sent to PSA President Sue Walsh.
- Here are extracts from the text of audio tapes he recorded for his wife Samantha, including a number of complaints about equipment shortages, something the Army has repeatedly been criticised for.
- Here is a short extract from the text of Ficino's letter.
- The sound file features a short extract from his most recent concert.
- For the sake of fairness, here is a short extract from one of the letters I received from Dan today.
- He will then hear a short extract from the royal charter of 1204 that features in a town play, Wheels of Time, written for the anniversary by local historian David Sherratt.
- The text comprises extracts from interviews by Peter McConchie with seventeen elders from different parts of the country, discussing an aspect of their culture.
- That is followed by a passage quoting the extract from Goebbels's diary just cited in the following terms.
- Sometimes you hear short extracts of music to fill in the gap between the end of one song and the start of the news; sometimes the news tape is started 10 seconds in, after a song or ad overruns.
- The special birthday concert will feature extracts from musicals over the 21 years along with performances from Tullow's current students.
- Part One includes extracts from traditional prescriptive texts, portrayals of the widow in classical literature as well as 19th and 20th Century documents.
- As is so often the way with writers, paradox seemed not to detract from but strengthen his work, as this collection of novel extracts, short stories, travel writing and autobiography proves.
Synonyms
excerpt, passage, abstract, citation, selection, quotation, cutting, clipping, snippet, fragment, piece
(excerpts) rareanalects
2A preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form.
natural plant extracts
mass noun a shampoo with extract of camomile
Example sentencesExamples
- Many youngsters today prefer herbal bathing powders to soaps and medicinal plant extracts to chemical shampoos.
- Preparations and extracts from echinacea plants are widely used, with many scientific studies noting clinical benefits.
- After preparation, extracts were analysed for pH and concentration as above.
- For the best results, a standardised extract of the active ingredient hypericin needs to be taken for six weeks.
- Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts, which are generally obtained by steam distillation from flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, leaves, bark or roots of plants.
- The first step is frequently to prepare a solvent extract of the plant material.
- However, this method lacks both selectivity and sensitivity and measurements of quinones require concentration of the extract and removal of substances that strongly absorb ultraviolet light.
- In a thick bottomed pan put in all ingredients except the first extract of coconut milk, tomatoes and salt.
- There was a significant effect of the presence of aluminium, plaque type and their interaction on phosphate concentration in all plant extracts.
- Some of the plant extract preparations favoured by alternative practitioners act as irritants or allergens and a query about the use of these should always be part of the history taking.
- They found that the active ingredients in the magnolia extracts were two biphenyl compounds, honokiol and magnolol.
- Non-fluoride toothpastes do not contain fluoride and only usually contain natural ingredients, such as special mineral salts and plant extracts.
- According to their work, an extract containing a mixture of the chemical acetone and the extract of the plant proved effective in killing mosquito larvae.
- Dyers could use concentrated extracts of some dyes, while chemical modifications simplified other processes.
- These cases underline the additional dangers from concentrated single chemical extracts from herbs.
- Crude nuclear protein extracts were prepared from plants containing or lacking active Tag1 elements.
- In a medium bowl, combine the cornstarch, brown sugar, apple juice concentrate, and vanilla extract and whisk together.
- The protein concentration in plant extracts was determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay.
- Much of the vanilla entering western markets is used for the preparation of vanilla extract, a hydroalcoholic solution which contains the extracted aroma and flavour of vanilla.
- Most often consumed through standardized extracts, tinctures or concentrated drops, bilberry may also discourage cataracts and glaucoma.
Synonyms
decoction, distillation, distillate, abstraction, concentrate, essence, juice, solution, tincture, elixir, quintessence
rare decocture, apozem

Derivatives

extractability

nounɛkstraktəˈbɪlɪti

The extractability of beef, pork, and chicken muscle with post-mortem aging was studied.
Example sentencesExamples
- The degree of extractability, as it were, depends on the type of data extracted.
- Juicy fruit possessed pectin of greater extractability than mealy fruit, with high amounts of loosely bound polyuronides and low amounts of tightly bound pectin.
- In general, increasing the drying temperature led to an increase in the extractability of Cr and Cu for all three extraction methods.

extractable

adjective ɪkˈstraktəb(ə)lɪkˈstræktəb(ə)l

In Indonesia, the forest is mainly viewed as an extractable resource of timber only.
Example sentencesExamples
- Total reserves of the Eordea trench represent 78% of the total known lignite fields in Greece; 58% of these fields are considered extractable with surface mining.
- Reserves are known sources of oil that are extractable given current technologies at current prices.
- How much additional water might be extractable from that source is still unknown, but for the purpose of this estimate we have assumed an additional 30 MCM / Yr will be available.
- Such a survey, while readily extractable from the extensive scholarship on modern China, is clearly beyond the purview of this essay.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Latin extract- 'drawn out', from the verb extrahere, from ex- 'out' + trahere 'draw'.

train from Middle English:
Before railways were invented in the early 19th century, train followed a different track. Early senses included ‘a trailing part of a robe’ and ‘a retinue’, which gave rise to ‘a line of travelling people or vehicles’, and later ‘a connected series of things’, as in train of thought. To train could mean ‘to cause a plant to grow in a desired shape’, which was the basis of the sense ‘to instruct’. The word is from Latin trahere ‘to pull, draw’, and so is related to word such as trace (Middle English) originally a path someone is drawn along, trail (Middle English) originally in the sense ‘to tow’, tractor (late 18th century) ‘something that pulls', contract (Middle English) ‘draw together’, and extract (Late Middle English) ‘draw out’. Boys in particular have practised the hobby of trainspotting under that name since the late 1950s. Others ridicule this hobby and in Britain in the 1980s trainspotter, like anorak, became a derogatory term for an obsessive follower of any minority interest. Irvine Welsh's 1993 novel Trainspotting gave a high profile to the term. The title refers to an episode in which two heroin addicts go to a disused railway station in Edinburgh and meet an old drunk in a disused railway station who asks them if they are trainspotting. There are also other overtones from the language of drugs—track is an addicts' term for a vein, mainlining [1930s] for injecting a drug intravenously, and train for a drug dealer. Trainers were originally training shoes, soft shoes without spikes or studs worn by athletes or sports players for training rather than the sport itself. The short form began to replace the longer one in the late 1970s.

Rhymes

abreact, abstract, act, attract, bract, compact, contract, counteract, diffract, enact, exact, fact, humpbacked, impact, interact, matter-of-fact, pact, protract, redact, refract, retroact, subcontract, subtract, tact, tract, transact, unbacked, underact, untracked

Definition of extract in US English:

extract

verbɪkˈstræktikˈstrakt

[with object]

1Remove or take out, especially by effort or force.
the decayed tooth will have to be extracted
Example sentencesExamples
- The resulting embryos were allowed to develop in laboratory dishes for several days before the scientists cannibalised them to extract embryonic stem cells.
- The snail's venom kills the fish, but it can then be safely extracted from the fish's tissue.
- A highly prized delicacy, dried swallow spittle is extracted from nests gathered in Southeast Asia.
- Next, a nucleus with a complete set of DNA is meticulously extracted from a single cell, itself removed painlessly from the skin or body of the living organism that's to be cloned.
- Frantic efforts were made to extract her, but after 40 minutes all movements ceased.
- Strawberry genomic DNA was extracted from achenes removed from W1-stage strawberry fruits as described previously.
- Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from two fish using a standard phenol and chloroform extraction protocol.
- The main function of the colon is to conserve water within the body by extracting it from the bowel contents.
- Both are specialists in mountain warfare and could be used to extract special forces groups already operating inside Afghanistan.
- Once you have extracted the seeds, you can continue to investigate cardamom's dual role.
- Everyone quickly extracted the seeds from the Georgia cotton and soon our crop was in the ground.
- Operating in heavy fire, the column finally extracted the pinned-down forces and their captives, but 18 Americans lost their lives in the process.
- And if we were going to have to use military force, we'd have to extract some of those forces relatively soon to deal with the North Korean issue.
- It took rescue workers until after dawn to extract the body from the rubble around the crushed stairwell where it was found.
- Free amino compounds were extracted from tissue homogenates according to the procedure described by Shaul and Galili.
- The simplest way to deal with the problem is to extract the software, remove the old binary, then build anew.
- The team will extract cores from the pila and analyze them later this year to assess the underwater curing rate of the concrete, he said.
- The resources required for transformation can only be extracted from the conventional force structure.
- Women wailed and slapped their faces in grief; men scrambled through broken concrete in an effort to extract the dead - for few held out hope of finding anyone alive.
- Your sense of impending doom is heightened when one reports that his efforts to extract cash from an automated teller machine were fruitless.
Synonyms
take out, draw out, bring out, pull out, remove, withdraw, pluck out, fish out, prize out, extricate
1. 1.1 Obtain (something such as money or an admission) from someone in the face of initial unwillingness.
  I won't let you go without trying to extract a promise from you
  Example sentencesExamples
  Despite promises of police reform, police continue to use torture to intimidate, harass and humiliate women detainees to extract money or information.
  Moreover, the presiding officer can admit previous evidence extracted by torture.
  These systems do not work because genuine cooperation cannot be extracted from people by force.
  It allows hard-pressed pensioners to extract money from their homes without having to sell them.
  King always extracted a maximum effort and his underdogs performed better than they had a right to.
  Once you hand over your details, the fraudster either starts extracting small sums of money from you till you have nothing left, or simply drains your bank account and again leaves you with nothing.
  Employing a fluent Anatolian dialect and using minimum force Barossa extracts a vital nugget of information from the somewhat stubborn barber.
  Information extracted by torture tends to be false.
  The bunch fills the road, riders snorting, heaving and blowing hard as they try to extract maximum effort from their tired bodies for one final frenzied lunge towards the line.
  As in the case of the American South or Italian rural Fascism, the efforts being made to extract labour in the 1910s and 1920s tended to produce a particularly harsh system of control.
  Various means were adopted for extracting the maximum effort from the people with the minimum satisfaction of their needs.
  Braverman suggests that Taylor saw ‘the problem’ of management as being how to control and extract effort from a potentially recalcitrant work force.
  If your intention is to extract information, you cannot be accused of torture.
  The judicial system quickly learned to live with the fact that defendants appeared in court bearing signs of torture or testified that confessions had been extracted from them by force.
  So many times in the past we've seen chairmen play silly negotiating games in a childish effort to extract a few more bob from a buying club.
  Taxes were paid, or extracted by force and the name of the king or the earl who ‘owned’ the land would make little difference to the ones working and living on it.
  There are schemes around to extract money from your pension, but taking money out of your pension early is generally a bad move.
  During criminal investigation police frequently resort to torture to extract information from suspects while they are in their custody.
  In my experience, the best way to extract information from an unwilling subject is to put a bullet into one of his thighs.
  The Government is using stealth taxes to extract money from households behind their backs.
  Synonyms
  wrest, exact, wring, screw, squeeze, milk, force, coerce, obtain by force, obtain by threat, obtain by threats, extort, blackmail someone for, worm something out of someone
2. 1.2 Obtain (a substance or resource) from something by a special method.
  lead was extracted from the copper
  Example sentencesExamples
  The five-megawatt reactor at Yongbyon generates spent fuel rods laced with plutonium, but they must be removed and reprocessed to extract the plutonium for use in a nuclear weapon.
  Clearly, the resources of Africa, the resources of Nigeria, are not going to benefit the people from the very region that resources are extracted from.
  What is the oil and gas being extracted from Atlantic Canada being used for?
  Culture medium and cell-surface enzymes were extracted according to a method adapted from Wallner and Nevins.
  One of the methods used to extract caffeine from the coffee bean is called water processing.
  Thyroid hormones were extracted from tadpoles following previously described methods.
  Mercury is now extracted from its ores by a method that has been used for hundreds of years.
  Total sugars were extracted using the ethanol method as described above.
  Coconut or ‘copra’ oil is extracted from the coconut fruit.
  The traditional method for extracting pure iron from its ore is to heat the ore in a blast furnace with limestone and coke.
  The DNA including the red pigment gene is extracted from the apple.
  The risk seems to be higher in people treated between the ages of 8 and 10 years, and in those who received growth hormone extracted by the Wilhelmi method.
  Nevertheless, the most optimal method for extracting nucleic acid must also be determined for each specimen type.
  Proteins extracted by the CTAB method were denatured in 1xSDS sample buffer prior to SDS-PAGE.
  The catch is that the oil is extracted from cotton laden with toxic pesticides and fertilizers, and grown with genetically modified organisms.
  The sugar is extracted from the slices by means of diffusion with hot water.
  Soluble sugars were extracted using a modified method of Hasslemore and Roughan.
  Much of that coal was extracted using surface mining methods, either by area or contour stripping and angering.
  Nucleic acids were extracted from grains of wheat using a modification of the CTAB protocol as described by SALLARES et al. 1995.
  For western consumption, the butter is extracted from unfermented nuts by boiling in water, either in the country of origin or in the importing country.
  Synonyms
  squeeze out, express, separate, press out, obtain, distil
3. 1.3 Select (a passage from a piece of writing, music, or film) for quotation, performance, or reproduction.
  the table is extracted from the report
  Example sentencesExamples
  They reviewed all relevant publications and extracted an extended list of potential checklist items.
  a local English-language magazine published a good roundup of the case in August, from which this mini biography is extracted.
  Once you have managed to extract the text you want and to format it to your taste, there is no reason to limit yourself to a manual use of the script, or to use it only at the console for that matter.
  To allow full-text retrieval ability, the system should be able to extract text from the transformed file.
  His piece was extracted in a high school text book.
  Plugins can extract text that is trapped in files for full-text indexing.
  Then with suitable software you can both search for text and select and extract text for insertion into your own document.
  What we have done is undertaken our duty responsibly in seeking to extract the relevant documents from the relevant files so that only that which is relevant is before the court.
  The relevant pages are extracted in those two volumes.
  We extracted records on 32 384 patients who had not received such a drug in the preceding three months.
  From the cause of death register we extracted a list of all people aged less than 76 years who committed suicide in Denmark from 1981 to 1997.
  I extract that text directly out of our new library system, we have a group library system now in our company, with 150 newspapers on the database.
  Third, since the program does not support the indexing function for Korean, it is difficult to extract Korean text for full-text document retrieval.
  They extracted the document recording the bet and officially ‘signed’ his admission of defeat with a thumbprint before returning the paper to the files for Thorne to discover later.
  The similarity lies in what is reported, and in the fixed data across columns, and there is much programming effort in extracting it from the database.
  Each article was reviewed, and the content dealing with each of the Task Force issues was extracted from the literature.
  The inherent risk is loss/exposure of data if a hacker is able to extract the plain text.
  In select passages we have extracted in paragraph 18, they have made some extremely cautionary remarks about how the failure to give evidence should be used.
  Synonyms
  excerpt, select, choose, reproduce, repeat, copy, quote, cite, cull, take, abstract
4. 1.4 Derive (an idea or the evidence for it) from a body of information.
  the desire to extract meaningful lessons from a few experiments
  Example sentencesExamples
  Sophisticated analysis techniques allow researchers to extract meaningful results from spectral imaging data.
  Millions of people look to her for ideas about how to live, to the point where that caller was hoping she could extract some ideas for living out of the prison experience.
  NASA engineers and astronauts extracted a valuable lesson from this mission: It was difficult, if not impossible, to steer a spacecraft merely by eye.
  Remember - he's extracting this idea out of a piece lamenting the possible destruction of New York.
  Nicola Corboy extracts ideas from each of the six modules.
  Plato's way of writing leaves us to extract ideas from different dialogues, put them together, and work out his position on a given issue.
  When one attempts to extract something meaningful from this passage, one faces an uphill struggle, yet this is by no means an isolated example of such wilful obfuscation and hyperbole.
  In extracting the basic concepts of observation, description and communication from my visual education, I have literally defined myself as a coach.
  Those whose livelihood hinges on their ability to extract interesting thoughts from fundamentally uninteresting people have grown moustaches to signify their collective dolefuleness.
  Then, elated with the tranquillity of aloneness, I sat upon dusty shoes extracting ideas from my brain to be written painfully into my journal.
  In an effort to extract additional insight from these data, we have used survival analysis to estimate a model of bear response to human activity.
  Despite her efforts to extract hope from tragedy, the war years continue to cast a long shadow over her life.
  I am deeply afraid I will surprise him one day beating his head on the table in an effort to extract the solution he's seeking.
  And I hope that the effort required to extract a positive philosophical position from her letters has borne out this claim.
  Only the most dedicated wine-maker can extract any suggestion of Elbling's evanescent flavour of just-ripe apricots but this is a wine to appeal to viticultural archivists.
  A more profound student of the Civil War than Wolseley, Henderson took the lead in extracting important ideas from the American experience.
  It shows the hard times spent over attempts to extract a meaning out of signs.
  To do this they extracted the mathematical ideas in each problem and communicated their reasoning about those ideas by mutually supporting their verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
  We have attempted to extract ideas about culture from particular instances of cultural production (including discussion).
  A defeat would not necessarily prove fatal and you can be sure that positives would be extracted from a draw, but a win for either side would be a giant step towards qualification with just two games remaining.
  Synonyms
  derive, develop, evolve, deduce, infer, conclude, gather, elicit, obtain, get, take, gain, acquire, procure, attain, glean
5. 1.5Mathematics Calculate (a root of a number).
  Example sentencesExamples
  They question the computers, add and subtract, extract square roots, and then go into action.
  You will often find a button on your calculator which extracts roots (perhaps marked y x) near the button which computes the power of a number (marked x y).
  I was allowed to use the new Friden calculating machine which, shortly before its transformation into a relic, could also extract square roots.
  An ROM may be used in lieu of the squares and the device for extracting square root.

nounˈekˌstraktˈɛkˌstrækt

1A short passage taken from a piece of writing, music, or film.
an extract from a historical film
Example sentencesExamples
- He will then hear a short extract from the royal charter of 1204 that features in a town play, Wheels of Time, written for the anniversary by local historian David Sherratt.
- Part One includes extracts from traditional prescriptive texts, portrayals of the widow in classical literature as well as 19th and 20th Century documents.
- Westport Choral Society is a four part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from some old and some modern musicals.
- The sound file features a short extract from his most recent concert.
- So these are authentic extracts from the text of those letters, are they?
- The special birthday concert will feature extracts from musicals over the 21 years along with performances from Tullow's current students.
- Anyway, there are two extracts from the GW piece you should have caught.
- Here are extracts from the text of audio tapes he recorded for his wife Samantha, including a number of complaints about equipment shortages, something the Army has repeatedly been criticised for.
- A short extract, chosen at random, gives the general flavour.
- The text comprises extracts from interviews by Peter McConchie with seventeen elders from different parts of the country, discussing an aspect of their culture.
- Here is a short extract from the text of Ficino's letter.
- A short extract from this film can be downloaded from the British Film Institute's Creative Archive.
- For the sake of fairness, here is a short extract from one of the letters I received from Dan today.
- Interspersed with nostalgic video clips of the company, the programme moved through short works and extracts.
- Sometimes you hear short extracts of music to fill in the gap between the end of one song and the start of the news; sometimes the news tape is started 10 seconds in, after a song or ad overruns.
- Here are a few short extracts from the many letters that members sent to PSA President Sue Walsh.
- The Choral Society is a four-part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from musicals old and new.
- The first half of the play was pretty poor I thought consisting of not much more than set pieces - extracts from the public record - many of which we'd seen before on the TV.
- As is so often the way with writers, paradox seemed not to detract from but strengthen his work, as this collection of novel extracts, short stories, travel writing and autobiography proves.
- That is followed by a passage quoting the extract from Goebbels's diary just cited in the following terms.
Synonyms
excerpt, passage, abstract, citation, selection, quotation, cutting, clipping, snippet, fragment, piece
2A preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form.
vanilla extract
extract of chamomile
Example sentencesExamples
- Dyers could use concentrated extracts of some dyes, while chemical modifications simplified other processes.
- These cases underline the additional dangers from concentrated single chemical extracts from herbs.
- Non-fluoride toothpastes do not contain fluoride and only usually contain natural ingredients, such as special mineral salts and plant extracts.
- Preparations and extracts from echinacea plants are widely used, with many scientific studies noting clinical benefits.
- For the best results, a standardised extract of the active ingredient hypericin needs to be taken for six weeks.
- Some of the plant extract preparations favoured by alternative practitioners act as irritants or allergens and a query about the use of these should always be part of the history taking.
- Crude nuclear protein extracts were prepared from plants containing or lacking active Tag1 elements.
- In a medium bowl, combine the cornstarch, brown sugar, apple juice concentrate, and vanilla extract and whisk together.
- However, this method lacks both selectivity and sensitivity and measurements of quinones require concentration of the extract and removal of substances that strongly absorb ultraviolet light.
- In a thick bottomed pan put in all ingredients except the first extract of coconut milk, tomatoes and salt.
- According to their work, an extract containing a mixture of the chemical acetone and the extract of the plant proved effective in killing mosquito larvae.
- There was a significant effect of the presence of aluminium, plaque type and their interaction on phosphate concentration in all plant extracts.
- Much of the vanilla entering western markets is used for the preparation of vanilla extract, a hydroalcoholic solution which contains the extracted aroma and flavour of vanilla.
- The protein concentration in plant extracts was determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay.
- After preparation, extracts were analysed for pH and concentration as above.
- The first step is frequently to prepare a solvent extract of the plant material.
- They found that the active ingredients in the magnolia extracts were two biphenyl compounds, honokiol and magnolol.
- Most often consumed through standardized extracts, tinctures or concentrated drops, bilberry may also discourage cataracts and glaucoma.
- Many youngsters today prefer herbal bathing powders to soaps and medicinal plant extracts to chemical shampoos.
- Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts, which are generally obtained by steam distillation from flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, leaves, bark or roots of plants.
Synonyms
decoction, distillation, distillate, abstraction, concentrate, essence, juice, solution, tincture, elixir, quintessence

Origin

Late Middle English: from Latin extract- ‘drawn out’, from the verb extrahere, from ex- ‘out’ + trahere ‘draw’.

单词	extract
释义	Definition of extract in English: extract verb ɛkˈstraktɪkˈstraktɪkˈstrækt [with object] 1Remove or take out, especially by effort or force. the fossils are extracted from the chalk Example sentencesExamples Strawberry genomic DNA was extracted from achenes removed from W1-stage strawberry fruits as described previously. Both are specialists in mountain warfare and could be used to extract special forces groups already operating inside Afghanistan. A highly prized delicacy, dried swallow spittle is extracted from nests gathered in Southeast Asia. Operating in heavy fire, the column finally extracted the pinned-down forces and their captives, but 18 Americans lost their lives in the process. Your sense of impending doom is heightened when one reports that his efforts to extract cash from an automated teller machine were fruitless. The simplest way to deal with the problem is to extract the software, remove the old binary, then build anew. It took rescue workers until after dawn to extract the body from the rubble around the crushed stairwell where it was found. Frantic efforts were made to extract her, but after 40 minutes all movements ceased. Once you have extracted the seeds, you can continue to investigate cardamom's dual role. The snail's venom kills the fish, but it can then be safely extracted from the fish's tissue. Free amino compounds were extracted from tissue homogenates according to the procedure described by Shaul and Galili. Next, a nucleus with a complete set of DNA is meticulously extracted from a single cell, itself removed painlessly from the skin or body of the living organism that's to be cloned. The main function of the colon is to conserve water within the body by extracting it from the bowel contents. Women wailed and slapped their faces in grief; men scrambled through broken concrete in an effort to extract the dead - for few held out hope of finding anyone alive. Everyone quickly extracted the seeds from the Georgia cotton and soon our crop was in the ground. The resources required for transformation can only be extracted from the conventional force structure. The resulting embryos were allowed to develop in laboratory dishes for several days before the scientists cannibalised them to extract embryonic stem cells. And if we were going to have to use military force, we'd have to extract some of those forces relatively soon to deal with the North Korean issue. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from two fish using a standard phenol and chloroform extraction protocol. The team will extract cores from the pila and analyze them later this year to assess the underwater curing rate of the concrete, he said. Synonyms take out, draw out, bring out, pull out, remove, withdraw, pluck out, fish out, prize out, extricate wrench out, tear out, uproot, unsheathe produce free, release rare deracinate 1.1 Obtain (a substance or resource) from something by a special method. lead was extracted from the copper Example sentencesExamples The risk seems to be higher in people treated between the ages of 8 and 10 years, and in those who received growth hormone extracted by the Wilhelmi method. The catch is that the oil is extracted from cotton laden with toxic pesticides and fertilizers, and grown with genetically modified organisms. Clearly, the resources of Africa, the resources of Nigeria, are not going to benefit the people from the very region that resources are extracted from. Nucleic acids were extracted from grains of wheat using a modification of the CTAB protocol as described by SALLARES et al. 1995. The traditional method for extracting pure iron from its ore is to heat the ore in a blast furnace with limestone and coke. Mercury is now extracted from its ores by a method that has been used for hundreds of years. Thyroid hormones were extracted from tadpoles following previously described methods. The five-megawatt reactor at Yongbyon generates spent fuel rods laced with plutonium, but they must be removed and reprocessed to extract the plutonium for use in a nuclear weapon. Total sugars were extracted using the ethanol method as described above. Coconut or ‘copra’ oil is extracted from the coconut fruit. Soluble sugars were extracted using a modified method of Hasslemore and Roughan. The sugar is extracted from the slices by means of diffusion with hot water. Culture medium and cell-surface enzymes were extracted according to a method adapted from Wallner and Nevins. What is the oil and gas being extracted from Atlantic Canada being used for? For western consumption, the butter is extracted from unfermented nuts by boiling in water, either in the country of origin or in the importing country. The DNA including the red pigment gene is extracted from the apple. Much of that coal was extracted using surface mining methods, either by area or contour stripping and angering. Proteins extracted by the CTAB method were denatured in 1xSDS sample buffer prior to SDS-PAGE. Nevertheless, the most optimal method for extracting nucleic acid must also be determined for each specimen type. One of the methods used to extract caffeine from the coffee bean is called water processing. Synonyms squeeze out, express, separate, press out, obtain, distil 1.2 Obtain (something such as money or information) from someone unwilling to give it. I won't let you go without trying to extract a promise from you Example sentencesExamples King always extracted a maximum effort and his underdogs performed better than they had a right to. In my experience, the best way to extract information from an unwilling subject is to put a bullet into one of his thighs. As in the case of the American South or Italian rural Fascism, the efforts being made to extract labour in the 1910s and 1920s tended to produce a particularly harsh system of control. There are schemes around to extract money from your pension, but taking money out of your pension early is generally a bad move. If your intention is to extract information, you cannot be accused of torture. Employing a fluent Anatolian dialect and using minimum force Barossa extracts a vital nugget of information from the somewhat stubborn barber. Taxes were paid, or extracted by force and the name of the king or the earl who ‘owned’ the land would make little difference to the ones working and living on it. The Government is using stealth taxes to extract money from households behind their backs. Despite promises of police reform, police continue to use torture to intimidate, harass and humiliate women detainees to extract money or information. Information extracted by torture tends to be false. Braverman suggests that Taylor saw ‘the problem’ of management as being how to control and extract effort from a potentially recalcitrant work force. The judicial system quickly learned to live with the fact that defendants appeared in court bearing signs of torture or testified that confessions had been extracted from them by force. Moreover, the presiding officer can admit previous evidence extracted by torture. It allows hard-pressed pensioners to extract money from their homes without having to sell them. During criminal investigation police frequently resort to torture to extract information from suspects while they are in their custody. Once you hand over your details, the fraudster either starts extracting small sums of money from you till you have nothing left, or simply drains your bank account and again leaves you with nothing. The bunch fills the road, riders snorting, heaving and blowing hard as they try to extract maximum effort from their tired bodies for one final frenzied lunge towards the line. Various means were adopted for extracting the maximum effort from the people with the minimum satisfaction of their needs. So many times in the past we've seen chairmen play silly negotiating games in a childish effort to extract a few more bob from a buying club. These systems do not work because genuine cooperation cannot be extracted from people by force. Synonyms wrest, exact, wring, screw, squeeze, milk, force, coerce, obtain by force, obtain by threat(s), extort, blackmail someone for, worm something out of someone North American &amp Australian informal put the bite on someone for archaic rack 1.3 Select (a passage from a text, film, or piece of music) for quotation, performance, or reproduction. the table is extracted from the report Example sentencesExamples The inherent risk is loss/exposure of data if a hacker is able to extract the plain text. a local English-language magazine published a good roundup of the case in August, from which this mini biography is extracted. Once you have managed to extract the text you want and to format it to your taste, there is no reason to limit yourself to a manual use of the script, or to use it only at the console for that matter. They extracted the document recording the bet and officially ‘signed’ his admission of defeat with a thumbprint before returning the paper to the files for Thorne to discover later. We extracted records on 32 384 patients who had not received such a drug in the preceding three months. The relevant pages are extracted in those two volumes. The similarity lies in what is reported, and in the fixed data across columns, and there is much programming effort in extracting it from the database. Plugins can extract text that is trapped in files for full-text indexing. Then with suitable software you can both search for text and select and extract text for insertion into your own document. His piece was extracted in a high school text book. What we have done is undertaken our duty responsibly in seeking to extract the relevant documents from the relevant files so that only that which is relevant is before the court. I extract that text directly out of our new library system, we have a group library system now in our company, with 150 newspapers on the database. Third, since the program does not support the indexing function for Korean, it is difficult to extract Korean text for full-text document retrieval. To allow full-text retrieval ability, the system should be able to extract text from the transformed file. From the cause of death register we extracted a list of all people aged less than 76 years who committed suicide in Denmark from 1981 to 1997. They reviewed all relevant publications and extracted an extended list of potential checklist items. Each article was reviewed, and the content dealing with each of the Task Force issues was extracted from the literature. In select passages we have extracted in paragraph 18, they have made some extremely cautionary remarks about how the failure to give evidence should be used. Synonyms excerpt, select, choose, reproduce, repeat, copy, quote, cite, cull, take, abstract 1.4 Derive (an idea) from a body of information. there are few attempts to extract generalities about the nature of the disciplines Example sentencesExamples NASA engineers and astronauts extracted a valuable lesson from this mission: It was difficult, if not impossible, to steer a spacecraft merely by eye. When one attempts to extract something meaningful from this passage, one faces an uphill struggle, yet this is by no means an isolated example of such wilful obfuscation and hyperbole. Plato's way of writing leaves us to extract ideas from different dialogues, put them together, and work out his position on a given issue. A defeat would not necessarily prove fatal and you can be sure that positives would be extracted from a draw, but a win for either side would be a giant step towards qualification with just two games remaining. It shows the hard times spent over attempts to extract a meaning out of signs. Despite her efforts to extract hope from tragedy, the war years continue to cast a long shadow over her life. We have attempted to extract ideas about culture from particular instances of cultural production (including discussion). A more profound student of the Civil War than Wolseley, Henderson took the lead in extracting important ideas from the American experience. And I hope that the effort required to extract a positive philosophical position from her letters has borne out this claim. Sophisticated analysis techniques allow researchers to extract meaningful results from spectral imaging data. Nicola Corboy extracts ideas from each of the six modules. Only the most dedicated wine-maker can extract any suggestion of Elbling's evanescent flavour of just-ripe apricots but this is a wine to appeal to viticultural archivists. In extracting the basic concepts of observation, description and communication from my visual education, I have literally defined myself as a coach. In an effort to extract additional insight from these data, we have used survival analysis to estimate a model of bear response to human activity. Those whose livelihood hinges on their ability to extract interesting thoughts from fundamentally uninteresting people have grown moustaches to signify their collective dolefuleness. Remember - he's extracting this idea out of a piece lamenting the possible destruction of New York. I am deeply afraid I will surprise him one day beating his head on the table in an effort to extract the solution he's seeking. To do this they extracted the mathematical ideas in each problem and communicated their reasoning about those ideas by mutually supporting their verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Then, elated with the tranquillity of aloneness, I sat upon dusty shoes extracting ideas from my brain to be written painfully into my journal. Millions of people look to her for ideas about how to live, to the point where that caller was hoping she could extract some ideas for living out of the prison experience. Synonyms derive, develop, evolve, deduce, infer, conclude, gather, elicit, obtain, get, take, gain, acquire, procure, attain, glean formal educe 2Mathematics Calculate (a root of a number) early computers had an instruction to extract a square root Example sentencesExamples They question the computers, add and subtract, extract square roots, and then go into action. I was allowed to use the new Friden calculating machine which, shortly before its transformation into a relic, could also extract square roots. You will often find a button on your calculator which extracts roots (perhaps marked y x) near the button which computes the power of a number (marked x y). An ROM may be used in lieu of the squares and the device for extracting square root. noun ˈɛkstraktˈɛkˌstrækt 1A short passage taken from a text, film, or piece of music. an extract from a historical film Example sentencesExamples Anyway, there are two extracts from the GW piece you should have caught. The first half of the play was pretty poor I thought consisting of not much more than set pieces - extracts from the public record - many of which we'd seen before on the TV. Westport Choral Society is a four part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from some old and some modern musicals. So these are authentic extracts from the text of those letters, are they? The Choral Society is a four-part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from musicals old and new. Interspersed with nostalgic video clips of the company, the programme moved through short works and extracts. A short extract from this film can be downloaded from the British Film Institute's Creative Archive. A short extract, chosen at random, gives the general flavour. Here are a few short extracts from the many letters that members sent to PSA President Sue Walsh. Here are extracts from the text of audio tapes he recorded for his wife Samantha, including a number of complaints about equipment shortages, something the Army has repeatedly been criticised for. Here is a short extract from the text of Ficino's letter. The sound file features a short extract from his most recent concert. For the sake of fairness, here is a short extract from one of the letters I received from Dan today. He will then hear a short extract from the royal charter of 1204 that features in a town play, Wheels of Time, written for the anniversary by local historian David Sherratt. The text comprises extracts from interviews by Peter McConchie with seventeen elders from different parts of the country, discussing an aspect of their culture. That is followed by a passage quoting the extract from Goebbels's diary just cited in the following terms. Sometimes you hear short extracts of music to fill in the gap between the end of one song and the start of the news; sometimes the news tape is started 10 seconds in, after a song or ad overruns. The special birthday concert will feature extracts from musicals over the 21 years along with performances from Tullow's current students. Part One includes extracts from traditional prescriptive texts, portrayals of the widow in classical literature as well as 19th and 20th Century documents. As is so often the way with writers, paradox seemed not to detract from but strengthen his work, as this collection of novel extracts, short stories, travel writing and autobiography proves. Synonyms excerpt, passage, abstract, citation, selection, quotation, cutting, clipping, snippet, fragment, piece (excerpts) rareanalects 2A preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form. natural plant extracts mass noun a shampoo with extract of camomile Example sentencesExamples Many youngsters today prefer herbal bathing powders to soaps and medicinal plant extracts to chemical shampoos. Preparations and extracts from echinacea plants are widely used, with many scientific studies noting clinical benefits. After preparation, extracts were analysed for pH and concentration as above. For the best results, a standardised extract of the active ingredient hypericin needs to be taken for six weeks. Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts, which are generally obtained by steam distillation from flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, leaves, bark or roots of plants. The first step is frequently to prepare a solvent extract of the plant material. However, this method lacks both selectivity and sensitivity and measurements of quinones require concentration of the extract and removal of substances that strongly absorb ultraviolet light. In a thick bottomed pan put in all ingredients except the first extract of coconut milk, tomatoes and salt. There was a significant effect of the presence of aluminium, plaque type and their interaction on phosphate concentration in all plant extracts. Some of the plant extract preparations favoured by alternative practitioners act as irritants or allergens and a query about the use of these should always be part of the history taking. They found that the active ingredients in the magnolia extracts were two biphenyl compounds, honokiol and magnolol. Non-fluoride toothpastes do not contain fluoride and only usually contain natural ingredients, such as special mineral salts and plant extracts. According to their work, an extract containing a mixture of the chemical acetone and the extract of the plant proved effective in killing mosquito larvae. Dyers could use concentrated extracts of some dyes, while chemical modifications simplified other processes. These cases underline the additional dangers from concentrated single chemical extracts from herbs. Crude nuclear protein extracts were prepared from plants containing or lacking active Tag1 elements. In a medium bowl, combine the cornstarch, brown sugar, apple juice concentrate, and vanilla extract and whisk together. The protein concentration in plant extracts was determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay. Much of the vanilla entering western markets is used for the preparation of vanilla extract, a hydroalcoholic solution which contains the extracted aroma and flavour of vanilla. Most often consumed through standardized extracts, tinctures or concentrated drops, bilberry may also discourage cataracts and glaucoma. Synonyms decoction, distillation, distillate, abstraction, concentrate, essence, juice, solution, tincture, elixir, quintessence rare decocture, apozem Derivatives extractability nounɛkstraktəˈbɪlɪti The extractability of beef, pork, and chicken muscle with post-mortem aging was studied. Example sentencesExamples The degree of extractability, as it were, depends on the type of data extracted. Juicy fruit possessed pectin of greater extractability than mealy fruit, with high amounts of loosely bound polyuronides and low amounts of tightly bound pectin. In general, increasing the drying temperature led to an increase in the extractability of Cr and Cu for all three extraction methods. extractable adjective ɪkˈstraktəb(ə)lɪkˈstræktəb(ə)l In Indonesia, the forest is mainly viewed as an extractable resource of timber only. Example sentencesExamples Total reserves of the Eordea trench represent 78% of the total known lignite fields in Greece; 58% of these fields are considered extractable with surface mining. Reserves are known sources of oil that are extractable given current technologies at current prices. How much additional water might be extractable from that source is still unknown, but for the purpose of this estimate we have assumed an additional 30 MCM / Yr will be available. Such a survey, while readily extractable from the extensive scholarship on modern China, is clearly beyond the purview of this essay. Origin Late Middle English: from Latin extract- 'drawn out', from the verb extrahere, from ex- 'out' + trahere 'draw'. train from Middle English: Before railways were invented in the early 19th century, train followed a different track. Early senses included ‘a trailing part of a robe’ and ‘a retinue’, which gave rise to ‘a line of travelling people or vehicles’, and later ‘a connected series of things’, as in train of thought. To train could mean ‘to cause a plant to grow in a desired shape’, which was the basis of the sense ‘to instruct’. The word is from Latin trahere ‘to pull, draw’, and so is related to word such as trace (Middle English) originally a path someone is drawn along, trail (Middle English) originally in the sense ‘to tow’, tractor (late 18th century) ‘something that pulls', contract (Middle English) ‘draw together’, and extract (Late Middle English) ‘draw out’. Boys in particular have practised the hobby of trainspotting under that name since the late 1950s. Others ridicule this hobby and in Britain in the 1980s trainspotter, like anorak, became a derogatory term for an obsessive follower of any minority interest. Irvine Welsh's 1993 novel Trainspotting gave a high profile to the term. The title refers to an episode in which two heroin addicts go to a disused railway station in Edinburgh and meet an old drunk in a disused railway station who asks them if they are trainspotting. There are also other overtones from the language of drugs—track is an addicts' term for a vein, mainlining [1930s] for injecting a drug intravenously, and train for a drug dealer. Trainers were originally training shoes, soft shoes without spikes or studs worn by athletes or sports players for training rather than the sport itself. The short form began to replace the longer one in the late 1970s. Rhymes abreact, abstract, act, attract, bract, compact, contract, counteract, diffract, enact, exact, fact, humpbacked, impact, interact, matter-of-fact, pact, protract, redact, refract, retroact, subcontract, subtract, tact, tract, transact, unbacked, underact, untracked Definition of extract in US English: extract verbɪkˈstræktikˈstrakt [with object] 1Remove or take out, especially by effort or force. the decayed tooth will have to be extracted Example sentencesExamples The resulting embryos were allowed to develop in laboratory dishes for several days before the scientists cannibalised them to extract embryonic stem cells. The snail's venom kills the fish, but it can then be safely extracted from the fish's tissue. A highly prized delicacy, dried swallow spittle is extracted from nests gathered in Southeast Asia. Next, a nucleus with a complete set of DNA is meticulously extracted from a single cell, itself removed painlessly from the skin or body of the living organism that's to be cloned. Frantic efforts were made to extract her, but after 40 minutes all movements ceased. Strawberry genomic DNA was extracted from achenes removed from W1-stage strawberry fruits as described previously. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from two fish using a standard phenol and chloroform extraction protocol. The main function of the colon is to conserve water within the body by extracting it from the bowel contents. Both are specialists in mountain warfare and could be used to extract special forces groups already operating inside Afghanistan. Once you have extracted the seeds, you can continue to investigate cardamom's dual role. Everyone quickly extracted the seeds from the Georgia cotton and soon our crop was in the ground. Operating in heavy fire, the column finally extracted the pinned-down forces and their captives, but 18 Americans lost their lives in the process. And if we were going to have to use military force, we'd have to extract some of those forces relatively soon to deal with the North Korean issue. It took rescue workers until after dawn to extract the body from the rubble around the crushed stairwell where it was found. Free amino compounds were extracted from tissue homogenates according to the procedure described by Shaul and Galili. The simplest way to deal with the problem is to extract the software, remove the old binary, then build anew. The team will extract cores from the pila and analyze them later this year to assess the underwater curing rate of the concrete, he said. The resources required for transformation can only be extracted from the conventional force structure. Women wailed and slapped their faces in grief; men scrambled through broken concrete in an effort to extract the dead - for few held out hope of finding anyone alive. Your sense of impending doom is heightened when one reports that his efforts to extract cash from an automated teller machine were fruitless. Synonyms take out, draw out, bring out, pull out, remove, withdraw, pluck out, fish out, prize out, extricate 1.1 Obtain (something such as money or an admission) from someone in the face of initial unwillingness. I won't let you go without trying to extract a promise from you Example sentencesExamples Despite promises of police reform, police continue to use torture to intimidate, harass and humiliate women detainees to extract money or information. Moreover, the presiding officer can admit previous evidence extracted by torture. These systems do not work because genuine cooperation cannot be extracted from people by force. It allows hard-pressed pensioners to extract money from their homes without having to sell them. King always extracted a maximum effort and his underdogs performed better than they had a right to. Once you hand over your details, the fraudster either starts extracting small sums of money from you till you have nothing left, or simply drains your bank account and again leaves you with nothing. Employing a fluent Anatolian dialect and using minimum force Barossa extracts a vital nugget of information from the somewhat stubborn barber. Information extracted by torture tends to be false. The bunch fills the road, riders snorting, heaving and blowing hard as they try to extract maximum effort from their tired bodies for one final frenzied lunge towards the line. As in the case of the American South or Italian rural Fascism, the efforts being made to extract labour in the 1910s and 1920s tended to produce a particularly harsh system of control. Various means were adopted for extracting the maximum effort from the people with the minimum satisfaction of their needs. Braverman suggests that Taylor saw ‘the problem’ of management as being how to control and extract effort from a potentially recalcitrant work force. If your intention is to extract information, you cannot be accused of torture. The judicial system quickly learned to live with the fact that defendants appeared in court bearing signs of torture or testified that confessions had been extracted from them by force. So many times in the past we've seen chairmen play silly negotiating games in a childish effort to extract a few more bob from a buying club. Taxes were paid, or extracted by force and the name of the king or the earl who ‘owned’ the land would make little difference to the ones working and living on it. There are schemes around to extract money from your pension, but taking money out of your pension early is generally a bad move. During criminal investigation police frequently resort to torture to extract information from suspects while they are in their custody. In my experience, the best way to extract information from an unwilling subject is to put a bullet into one of his thighs. The Government is using stealth taxes to extract money from households behind their backs. Synonyms wrest, exact, wring, screw, squeeze, milk, force, coerce, obtain by force, obtain by threat, obtain by threats, extort, blackmail someone for, worm something out of someone 1.2 Obtain (a substance or resource) from something by a special method. lead was extracted from the copper Example sentencesExamples The five-megawatt reactor at Yongbyon generates spent fuel rods laced with plutonium, but they must be removed and reprocessed to extract the plutonium for use in a nuclear weapon. Clearly, the resources of Africa, the resources of Nigeria, are not going to benefit the people from the very region that resources are extracted from. What is the oil and gas being extracted from Atlantic Canada being used for? Culture medium and cell-surface enzymes were extracted according to a method adapted from Wallner and Nevins. One of the methods used to extract caffeine from the coffee bean is called water processing. Thyroid hormones were extracted from tadpoles following previously described methods. Mercury is now extracted from its ores by a method that has been used for hundreds of years. Total sugars were extracted using the ethanol method as described above. Coconut or ‘copra’ oil is extracted from the coconut fruit. The traditional method for extracting pure iron from its ore is to heat the ore in a blast furnace with limestone and coke. The DNA including the red pigment gene is extracted from the apple. The risk seems to be higher in people treated between the ages of 8 and 10 years, and in those who received growth hormone extracted by the Wilhelmi method. Nevertheless, the most optimal method for extracting nucleic acid must also be determined for each specimen type. Proteins extracted by the CTAB method were denatured in 1xSDS sample buffer prior to SDS-PAGE. The catch is that the oil is extracted from cotton laden with toxic pesticides and fertilizers, and grown with genetically modified organisms. The sugar is extracted from the slices by means of diffusion with hot water. Soluble sugars were extracted using a modified method of Hasslemore and Roughan. Much of that coal was extracted using surface mining methods, either by area or contour stripping and angering. Nucleic acids were extracted from grains of wheat using a modification of the CTAB protocol as described by SALLARES et al. 1995. For western consumption, the butter is extracted from unfermented nuts by boiling in water, either in the country of origin or in the importing country. Synonyms squeeze out, express, separate, press out, obtain, distil 1.3 Select (a passage from a piece of writing, music, or film) for quotation, performance, or reproduction. the table is extracted from the report Example sentencesExamples They reviewed all relevant publications and extracted an extended list of potential checklist items. a local English-language magazine published a good roundup of the case in August, from which this mini biography is extracted. Once you have managed to extract the text you want and to format it to your taste, there is no reason to limit yourself to a manual use of the script, or to use it only at the console for that matter. To allow full-text retrieval ability, the system should be able to extract text from the transformed file. His piece was extracted in a high school text book. Plugins can extract text that is trapped in files for full-text indexing. Then with suitable software you can both search for text and select and extract text for insertion into your own document. What we have done is undertaken our duty responsibly in seeking to extract the relevant documents from the relevant files so that only that which is relevant is before the court. The relevant pages are extracted in those two volumes. We extracted records on 32 384 patients who had not received such a drug in the preceding three months. From the cause of death register we extracted a list of all people aged less than 76 years who committed suicide in Denmark from 1981 to 1997. I extract that text directly out of our new library system, we have a group library system now in our company, with 150 newspapers on the database. Third, since the program does not support the indexing function for Korean, it is difficult to extract Korean text for full-text document retrieval. They extracted the document recording the bet and officially ‘signed’ his admission of defeat with a thumbprint before returning the paper to the files for Thorne to discover later. The similarity lies in what is reported, and in the fixed data across columns, and there is much programming effort in extracting it from the database. Each article was reviewed, and the content dealing with each of the Task Force issues was extracted from the literature. The inherent risk is loss/exposure of data if a hacker is able to extract the plain text. In select passages we have extracted in paragraph 18, they have made some extremely cautionary remarks about how the failure to give evidence should be used. Synonyms excerpt, select, choose, reproduce, repeat, copy, quote, cite, cull, take, abstract 1.4 Derive (an idea or the evidence for it) from a body of information. the desire to extract meaningful lessons from a few experiments Example sentencesExamples Sophisticated analysis techniques allow researchers to extract meaningful results from spectral imaging data. Millions of people look to her for ideas about how to live, to the point where that caller was hoping she could extract some ideas for living out of the prison experience. NASA engineers and astronauts extracted a valuable lesson from this mission: It was difficult, if not impossible, to steer a spacecraft merely by eye. Remember - he's extracting this idea out of a piece lamenting the possible destruction of New York. Nicola Corboy extracts ideas from each of the six modules. Plato's way of writing leaves us to extract ideas from different dialogues, put them together, and work out his position on a given issue. When one attempts to extract something meaningful from this passage, one faces an uphill struggle, yet this is by no means an isolated example of such wilful obfuscation and hyperbole. In extracting the basic concepts of observation, description and communication from my visual education, I have literally defined myself as a coach. Those whose livelihood hinges on their ability to extract interesting thoughts from fundamentally uninteresting people have grown moustaches to signify their collective dolefuleness. Then, elated with the tranquillity of aloneness, I sat upon dusty shoes extracting ideas from my brain to be written painfully into my journal. In an effort to extract additional insight from these data, we have used survival analysis to estimate a model of bear response to human activity. Despite her efforts to extract hope from tragedy, the war years continue to cast a long shadow over her life. I am deeply afraid I will surprise him one day beating his head on the table in an effort to extract the solution he's seeking. And I hope that the effort required to extract a positive philosophical position from her letters has borne out this claim. Only the most dedicated wine-maker can extract any suggestion of Elbling's evanescent flavour of just-ripe apricots but this is a wine to appeal to viticultural archivists. A more profound student of the Civil War than Wolseley, Henderson took the lead in extracting important ideas from the American experience. It shows the hard times spent over attempts to extract a meaning out of signs. To do this they extracted the mathematical ideas in each problem and communicated their reasoning about those ideas by mutually supporting their verbal and nonverbal behaviors. We have attempted to extract ideas about culture from particular instances of cultural production (including discussion). A defeat would not necessarily prove fatal and you can be sure that positives would be extracted from a draw, but a win for either side would be a giant step towards qualification with just two games remaining. Synonyms derive, develop, evolve, deduce, infer, conclude, gather, elicit, obtain, get, take, gain, acquire, procure, attain, glean 1.5Mathematics Calculate (a root of a number). Example sentencesExamples They question the computers, add and subtract, extract square roots, and then go into action. You will often find a button on your calculator which extracts roots (perhaps marked y x) near the button which computes the power of a number (marked x y). I was allowed to use the new Friden calculating machine which, shortly before its transformation into a relic, could also extract square roots. An ROM may be used in lieu of the squares and the device for extracting square root. nounˈekˌstraktˈɛkˌstrækt 1A short passage taken from a piece of writing, music, or film. an extract from a historical film Example sentencesExamples He will then hear a short extract from the royal charter of 1204 that features in a town play, Wheels of Time, written for the anniversary by local historian David Sherratt. Part One includes extracts from traditional prescriptive texts, portrayals of the widow in classical literature as well as 19th and 20th Century documents. Westport Choral Society is a four part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from some old and some modern musicals. The sound file features a short extract from his most recent concert. So these are authentic extracts from the text of those letters, are they? The special birthday concert will feature extracts from musicals over the 21 years along with performances from Tullow's current students. Anyway, there are two extracts from the GW piece you should have caught. Here are extracts from the text of audio tapes he recorded for his wife Samantha, including a number of complaints about equipment shortages, something the Army has repeatedly been criticised for. A short extract, chosen at random, gives the general flavour. The text comprises extracts from interviews by Peter McConchie with seventeen elders from different parts of the country, discussing an aspect of their culture. Here is a short extract from the text of Ficino's letter. A short extract from this film can be downloaded from the British Film Institute's Creative Archive. For the sake of fairness, here is a short extract from one of the letters I received from Dan today. Interspersed with nostalgic video clips of the company, the programme moved through short works and extracts. Sometimes you hear short extracts of music to fill in the gap between the end of one song and the start of the news; sometimes the news tape is started 10 seconds in, after a song or ad overruns. Here are a few short extracts from the many letters that members sent to PSA President Sue Walsh. The Choral Society is a four-part choir specialising in major choral pieces and extracts from musicals old and new. The first half of the play was pretty poor I thought consisting of not much more than set pieces - extracts from the public record - many of which we'd seen before on the TV. As is so often the way with writers, paradox seemed not to detract from but strengthen his work, as this collection of novel extracts, short stories, travel writing and autobiography proves. That is followed by a passage quoting the extract from Goebbels's diary just cited in the following terms. Synonyms excerpt, passage, abstract, citation, selection, quotation, cutting, clipping, snippet, fragment, piece 2A preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form. vanilla extract extract of chamomile Example sentencesExamples Dyers could use concentrated extracts of some dyes, while chemical modifications simplified other processes. These cases underline the additional dangers from concentrated single chemical extracts from herbs. Non-fluoride toothpastes do not contain fluoride and only usually contain natural ingredients, such as special mineral salts and plant extracts. Preparations and extracts from echinacea plants are widely used, with many scientific studies noting clinical benefits. For the best results, a standardised extract of the active ingredient hypericin needs to be taken for six weeks. Some of the plant extract preparations favoured by alternative practitioners act as irritants or allergens and a query about the use of these should always be part of the history taking. Crude nuclear protein extracts were prepared from plants containing or lacking active Tag1 elements. In a medium bowl, combine the cornstarch, brown sugar, apple juice concentrate, and vanilla extract and whisk together. However, this method lacks both selectivity and sensitivity and measurements of quinones require concentration of the extract and removal of substances that strongly absorb ultraviolet light. In a thick bottomed pan put in all ingredients except the first extract of coconut milk, tomatoes and salt. According to their work, an extract containing a mixture of the chemical acetone and the extract of the plant proved effective in killing mosquito larvae. There was a significant effect of the presence of aluminium, plaque type and their interaction on phosphate concentration in all plant extracts. Much of the vanilla entering western markets is used for the preparation of vanilla extract, a hydroalcoholic solution which contains the extracted aroma and flavour of vanilla. The protein concentration in plant extracts was determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay. After preparation, extracts were analysed for pH and concentration as above. The first step is frequently to prepare a solvent extract of the plant material. They found that the active ingredients in the magnolia extracts were two biphenyl compounds, honokiol and magnolol. Most often consumed through standardized extracts, tinctures or concentrated drops, bilberry may also discourage cataracts and glaucoma. Many youngsters today prefer herbal bathing powders to soaps and medicinal plant extracts to chemical shampoos. Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts, which are generally obtained by steam distillation from flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, leaves, bark or roots of plants. Synonyms decoction, distillation, distillate, abstraction, concentrate, essence, juice, solution, tincture, elixir, quintessence Origin Late Middle English: from Latin extract- ‘drawn out’, from the verb extrahere, from ex- ‘out’ + trahere ‘draw’.
随便看	receptively receptively receptiveness receptiveness receptivenesses receptive of receptive spot receptive to receptivities receptivity receptivity receptor receptoral receptor-destroying en... receptor-destroying en receptor-destroying enzyme receptors receptory receptual receptually receptually recercata recercelee recercely recercelée