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单词 calf
释义

calf1

nounPlural calves kɑːfkæf
  • 1A young bovine animal, especially a domestic cow or bull in its first year.

    a heifer calf
    Example sentencesExamples
    • He rears the bull calves to a year-and-a-half and the heifer calves to two-year-olds.
    • The young and dairy-type Friesian bull calves have dropped back to €50 / head at the low end of the price scale.
    • There will be special arrangements for the movement of young calves, bulls, breeding pigs and probably sheep in the autumn.
    • Dairy bull calves reared for beef through a pioneering fattening scheme are achieving gross margin returns of £199 a head for Pembrokeshire farmers.
    • He rears 100 bull beef calves, runs a flock of 300 ewes and produces 3,000 turkeys for the Christmas market.
    • They raise their own replacement heifers and sell their bull calves to another organic farmer nearby.
    • There were one hundred and thirty lots in all from bull calves, and heifer calves.
    • The pokey bull calves of dairy cows are slaughtered at 16 to 18 weeks for veal.
    • On display will be the cream of the 2003 bull and heifer calves that have qualified at various regional shows throughout the summer.
    • Newborn buffalo calves, like bovine calves, can succumb in large numbers to viruses, bacteria, and poor nutrition.
    • On April 28 this year, the same cow delivered three Charolais bull calves, any one of which would be an acceptable size single.
    • In all 12 heifers and 12 bull calves have qualified for the final.
    • Caribou bull cow and two calves skirt the ridge above our camp lake during breakfast.
    • He also received second place for his heifer in calf and second for his calf bull.
    • This will lead to a continuing build-up of store animals and calves on many farms resulting in labour, feed and housing difficulties.
    • Are cows which provide colostrum for your calves tested for bovine leukosis?
    • Never come between an excitable cow/heifer and her calf and never ever turn your back on a nervous animal in a small space.
    • Cows, calves and bull were docile and showed no signs of fear or excitement at the presence of the group.
    • On May 10 the men found fourteen bison with two new calves, but the animals fled from the intruders, who could not keep up with them in the slushy snow.
    • He gets top prices for his bull calves at Ballina Mart - last year his bull calves made over 400 Euro with their weight and were sold for bull beef.
    Synonyms
    cow, heifer, bull, bullock, ox
    1. 1.1 The young of some other large mammals, such as elephants, rhinoceroses, large deer and antelopes, and whales.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Neither actual mating of blue whales nor birth of a calf have been observed in modern times, and the breeding grounds for some populations are still unknown.
      • Killing a large whale is too dangerous for the calf, but as a spectator, it picks up lethal techniques like ramming, drowning, and biting the prey.
      • Seconds later, at the edge of visibility, a sperm whale and her calf appeared.
      • Standard size domestic donkeys are useful for halter-breaking young calves and foals.
      • The 2000 birth of a healthy calf to a rhino called Emi at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio was the first successful captive delivery in 112 years.
      • The lice move from mother to calf and among whales in close contact with each other.
      • Like the elephant calf in Africa that decided to play football with a crocodile, little realising the danger till the mother elephant shooed it away.
      • Here, whales bear their calves in warm, sheltered water.
      • Numerous skeletons of young calves have also been unearthed, many of them nestled next to adult females, no doubt their mothers.
      • It is a fairly large group, maybe fifty-five individuals, including several adult males and some very young calves.
      • The whale calf is thought to have become separated from its mother in the lower Thames, where the sighting of another, larger bottlenose whale was reported.
      • They observed an orphaned elephant calf being rejected from its herd.
      • ‘One of the whales, who was a calf at the time, is still alive and still roaming around with J pod,’ Margo said.
      • Gray whale calves are born in the winter after a gestation period of about 13.5 months.
      • Whale calves also surface in the ring of open water, right next to their mothers.
      • Discover how mother dolphins pass along the secrets of survival to their young, and watch calves as they test their skills at work and at play.
      • He put no blame on the elephant, saying that the young female was simply trying to defend its territory, along with another elephant with a calf nearby.
      • The transients ambush them - they have a taste for the gray whale calves' high-energy blubber and protein-rich tongues.
      • The female stays close to the coast in an effort to protect the calf from transient killer whales.
      • A killer whale calf learned the trick of luring gulls to the surface of the water with fish.
    2. 1.2
      short for calfskin
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The calf and suede styles feature resin hardware.
      • Made from moose leather with rawhide bindings crisscrossing around the calf they looked like something Shackleton would have improvised adrift on the ice-floes.
  • 2A floating piece of ice detached from an iceberg.

Phrases

  • in (or with) calf

    • (of a cow) pregnant.

      most of the heifers are in calf
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He favours New Zealand Friesians because, in his opinion, the breed is robust, holds its condition and, above all, gets back in calf easily.
      • Mr Robinson, 36, has a second holding in Kendal and made a licensed movement on welfare grounds of cows in calf from Langcliffe nine days ago.
      • The female section includes 14 in calf heifers.
      • The overall beef champion and also Champion of Champions at Saturday's East Mainland Show was a two-year-old heifer in calf, owned by John W. Hepburn of Burnside, Tankerness.
      • Dry cows and in calf heifers can easily be managed inside as maintenance requirements are relatively low and can easily be met.
      • You are asking the heifers to grow, go in calf, calf down, produce milk, go back in calf, compete in a competitive grazing environment and continue to do so for a number of lactations.
      • Their incorporation into these pedigree herds as suckler dams or resale as in calf cows offers a very lucrative second-hand value.
      • Very often those calved heifers fail to go back in calf easily and become late calvers the following season.
      • Even though labour demanding, it must be done if you are not to ‘lose’ a lot of money by missed heats and a high percentage of cows not in calf.
      • So it is natural that cows will be difficult to get in calf if they are losing body condition before insemination and now the scientists have proof that this is so.
      • But if an animal was sick, in calf, had a sore foot, a sore udder or any other ailment, a term of endearment we called them all ‘Molly’.
      • About 15 top cows will be for sale plus in calf heifers and maiden heifers.
      • The most visible costs are the A.I. costs, but it can also lead to increased veterinary costs and you have no guarantee that the cow will go in calf to the first straw in the spring.
      • The Wold Newton herd is flushed with ‘Royal success’, having just won the Senior Bull Championship with Wold Newton Rambo, which is Lot 96 in the sale, and 15 heifers are in calf to him.
      • In the beef lines Limousins were headed by the in calf heifer Brontemoor Spice Girl, owned by Steve Priestley, owner of a 100-cow breeding herd at Denholme, near Bradford.
      • Farmers end up wintering cattle that are not in calf and it's less efficient.
      • As these heifers do not have to be in calf, there is bound to be a drop in the number of quality beef suckler calves produced and a reduction in the supply of our best beef.
      • Roland has a wonderful selection of cows and calves and cows in calf and there are enquiries from far and wide.
      • The champion in the cattle section at Tuesday's Shapinsay show was a black heifer in calf named Tilly, owned by R. J. Johnston of Hewan, Shapinsay.
      • We didn't have any problems getting the heifers in calf, but neither were there any with the Holsteins.

Derivatives

  • calf-like

  • adjective
    • Whereas Aaron fashions a golden calf-like idol, saying he must appeal to the visual in order for the masses to understand, which he expresses quite brilliantly in song.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • This Afro-Caribbean poem for a Euromodernist traverses cultural, racial, and gender boundaries via intersections of place names - Sligo, Sligoville; mythical heroes - Ireland's Cuchulain, Jamaica's ex-slave rebels; and premodern magic - Yeats's mysticism, Jamaica's skin-shedding witches and neck-chained, calf-like ghosts.
      • All you have to do is look at the account executive sitting across your desk (the fellow with the lugubrious face and the calf-like eyes), and say ‘Yes!’
      • Her calf-like deference to this tyrant was distasteful to me.
      • It's a mission which looks dangerously like seduction as she hangs around gazing calf-like at the older man, who reacts with a panicky cold sweat.

Origin

Old English cælf, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kalf and German Kalb.

Rhymes

barf, behalf, chaff, coif, giraffe, Graf, graph, half, laugh, scarf, scrum half, staff, strafe, wing half

calf2

nounPlural calves kɑːfkæf
  • The fleshy part at the back of a person's leg below the knee.

    as modifier the calf muscles
    Example sentencesExamples
    • The most crippling injuries were to Simon's right leg, mangled beyond recognition below the knee, the entire calf musculature torn off.
    • In patients with venous insufficiency damage occurs to the veins or calf muscle pump, resulting in high venous pressures in the deep veins.
    • From the ankle, the saphenous vein ascends the calf along the border of the gastrocnemius muscle.
    • The devotees were also treated for their excruciating pain in their shoulders, neck, back, thighs, knees, calves, ankle and foot.
    • Then, begin stretching the plantar fascia and the Achilles tendon, which attaches the calf muscles to the heel bone.
    • Well actually it's about just letting the calf muscles and the toes be as they are.
    • It cuts the leg below the calf, and all muscle bellies except those of gastrocnemius are present.
    • A common sprain injury is a torn Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel.
    • Each time the calf and thigh muscles contract when walking, veins deep inside the leg are squeezed.
    • That's partly because you've lost flexibility in the calf and the soleus muscle, which is near the ankle.
    • In the legs, the normal action of the calf muscles helps pump the blood back to the heart, usually without difficulty.
    • Using this technique, the surgeon makes an incision in the back of the knee and retracts the calf muscle.
    • The veins in the deep system drain the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf.
    • No one really knows what causes these sudden, painful muscle spasms in the calf, the thigh or the arch of the foot.
    • The Achilles tendon is the thick, strong tendon that joins the calf muscles to the heel bone.
    • Segmental pressures are obtained bilaterally on the lower extremities at the thigh, above the knee, the calf, and the ankle.
    • I do standing calf raises for gastrocnemius and seated calf raises for soleus muscles.
    • Exercise in the heat can bring on heat cramps, which usually affect tired muscles in the calves, thighs and shoulders.
    • Obesity that prevents ambulation exacerbates venous hypertension because the calf muscle is not working to keep the veins pumping the blood out of the leg.
    • Lengthening the tendon or an attached calf muscle reduces the pressure on the ball of the foot to help prevent and treat diabetic foot ulcers.

Derivatives

  • calved

  • adjective kɑːvd

Origin

Middle English: from Old Norse kálfi, of unknown origin.

 
 

calf1

nounkæfkaf
  • 1A young bovine animal, especially a domestic cow or bull in its first year.

    a heifer calf
    Example sentencesExamples
    • On April 28 this year, the same cow delivered three Charolais bull calves, any one of which would be an acceptable size single.
    • He gets top prices for his bull calves at Ballina Mart - last year his bull calves made over 400 Euro with their weight and were sold for bull beef.
    • Caribou bull cow and two calves skirt the ridge above our camp lake during breakfast.
    • They raise their own replacement heifers and sell their bull calves to another organic farmer nearby.
    • Never come between an excitable cow/heifer and her calf and never ever turn your back on a nervous animal in a small space.
    • There were one hundred and thirty lots in all from bull calves, and heifer calves.
    • Are cows which provide colostrum for your calves tested for bovine leukosis?
    • Dairy bull calves reared for beef through a pioneering fattening scheme are achieving gross margin returns of £199 a head for Pembrokeshire farmers.
    • On May 10 the men found fourteen bison with two new calves, but the animals fled from the intruders, who could not keep up with them in the slushy snow.
    • In all 12 heifers and 12 bull calves have qualified for the final.
    • This will lead to a continuing build-up of store animals and calves on many farms resulting in labour, feed and housing difficulties.
    • Cows, calves and bull were docile and showed no signs of fear or excitement at the presence of the group.
    • Newborn buffalo calves, like bovine calves, can succumb in large numbers to viruses, bacteria, and poor nutrition.
    • The young and dairy-type Friesian bull calves have dropped back to €50 / head at the low end of the price scale.
    • He rears the bull calves to a year-and-a-half and the heifer calves to two-year-olds.
    • He rears 100 bull beef calves, runs a flock of 300 ewes and produces 3,000 turkeys for the Christmas market.
    • The pokey bull calves of dairy cows are slaughtered at 16 to 18 weeks for veal.
    • On display will be the cream of the 2003 bull and heifer calves that have qualified at various regional shows throughout the summer.
    • He also received second place for his heifer in calf and second for his calf bull.
    • There will be special arrangements for the movement of young calves, bulls, breeding pigs and probably sheep in the autumn.
    Synonyms
    cow, heifer, bull, bullock, ox
    1. 1.1 The young of some other large mammals, such as elephants, rhinoceroses, large deer and antelopes, and whales.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The lice move from mother to calf and among whales in close contact with each other.
      • Killing a large whale is too dangerous for the calf, but as a spectator, it picks up lethal techniques like ramming, drowning, and biting the prey.
      • Standard size domestic donkeys are useful for halter-breaking young calves and foals.
      • Gray whale calves are born in the winter after a gestation period of about 13.5 months.
      • They observed an orphaned elephant calf being rejected from its herd.
      • A killer whale calf learned the trick of luring gulls to the surface of the water with fish.
      • Like the elephant calf in Africa that decided to play football with a crocodile, little realising the danger till the mother elephant shooed it away.
      • The whale calf is thought to have become separated from its mother in the lower Thames, where the sighting of another, larger bottlenose whale was reported.
      • ‘One of the whales, who was a calf at the time, is still alive and still roaming around with J pod,’ Margo said.
      • Here, whales bear their calves in warm, sheltered water.
      • He put no blame on the elephant, saying that the young female was simply trying to defend its territory, along with another elephant with a calf nearby.
      • The female stays close to the coast in an effort to protect the calf from transient killer whales.
      • Whale calves also surface in the ring of open water, right next to their mothers.
      • Numerous skeletons of young calves have also been unearthed, many of them nestled next to adult females, no doubt their mothers.
      • The transients ambush them - they have a taste for the gray whale calves' high-energy blubber and protein-rich tongues.
      • It is a fairly large group, maybe fifty-five individuals, including several adult males and some very young calves.
      • Discover how mother dolphins pass along the secrets of survival to their young, and watch calves as they test their skills at work and at play.
      • The 2000 birth of a healthy calf to a rhino called Emi at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio was the first successful captive delivery in 112 years.
      • Neither actual mating of blue whales nor birth of a calf have been observed in modern times, and the breeding grounds for some populations are still unknown.
      • Seconds later, at the edge of visibility, a sperm whale and her calf appeared.
    2. 1.2
      short for calfskin
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Made from moose leather with rawhide bindings crisscrossing around the calf they looked like something Shackleton would have improvised adrift on the ice-floes.
      • The calf and suede styles feature resin hardware.
  • 2A floating piece of ice detached from an iceberg.

Phrases

  • in (or with) calf

    • (of a cow) pregnant.

      most of the heifers are in calf
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The most visible costs are the A.I. costs, but it can also lead to increased veterinary costs and you have no guarantee that the cow will go in calf to the first straw in the spring.
      • As these heifers do not have to be in calf, there is bound to be a drop in the number of quality beef suckler calves produced and a reduction in the supply of our best beef.
      • But if an animal was sick, in calf, had a sore foot, a sore udder or any other ailment, a term of endearment we called them all ‘Molly’.
      • The Wold Newton herd is flushed with ‘Royal success’, having just won the Senior Bull Championship with Wold Newton Rambo, which is Lot 96 in the sale, and 15 heifers are in calf to him.
      • The overall beef champion and also Champion of Champions at Saturday's East Mainland Show was a two-year-old heifer in calf, owned by John W. Hepburn of Burnside, Tankerness.
      • He favours New Zealand Friesians because, in his opinion, the breed is robust, holds its condition and, above all, gets back in calf easily.
      • We didn't have any problems getting the heifers in calf, but neither were there any with the Holsteins.
      • The female section includes 14 in calf heifers.
      • Roland has a wonderful selection of cows and calves and cows in calf and there are enquiries from far and wide.
      • Mr Robinson, 36, has a second holding in Kendal and made a licensed movement on welfare grounds of cows in calf from Langcliffe nine days ago.
      • Their incorporation into these pedigree herds as suckler dams or resale as in calf cows offers a very lucrative second-hand value.
      • Even though labour demanding, it must be done if you are not to ‘lose’ a lot of money by missed heats and a high percentage of cows not in calf.
      • Dry cows and in calf heifers can easily be managed inside as maintenance requirements are relatively low and can easily be met.
      • The champion in the cattle section at Tuesday's Shapinsay show was a black heifer in calf named Tilly, owned by R. J. Johnston of Hewan, Shapinsay.
      • In the beef lines Limousins were headed by the in calf heifer Brontemoor Spice Girl, owned by Steve Priestley, owner of a 100-cow breeding herd at Denholme, near Bradford.
      • Very often those calved heifers fail to go back in calf easily and become late calvers the following season.
      • About 15 top cows will be for sale plus in calf heifers and maiden heifers.
      • You are asking the heifers to grow, go in calf, calf down, produce milk, go back in calf, compete in a competitive grazing environment and continue to do so for a number of lactations.
      • Farmers end up wintering cattle that are not in calf and it's less efficient.
      • So it is natural that cows will be difficult to get in calf if they are losing body condition before insemination and now the scientists have proof that this is so.

Origin

Old English cælf, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kalf and German Kalb.

calf2

nounkæfkaf
  • The fleshy part at the back of a person's leg below the knee.

    as modifier the calf muscles
    Example sentencesExamples
    • It cuts the leg below the calf, and all muscle bellies except those of gastrocnemius are present.
    • A common sprain injury is a torn Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel.
    • Well actually it's about just letting the calf muscles and the toes be as they are.
    • Obesity that prevents ambulation exacerbates venous hypertension because the calf muscle is not working to keep the veins pumping the blood out of the leg.
    • The veins in the deep system drain the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf.
    • Segmental pressures are obtained bilaterally on the lower extremities at the thigh, above the knee, the calf, and the ankle.
    • Using this technique, the surgeon makes an incision in the back of the knee and retracts the calf muscle.
    • Each time the calf and thigh muscles contract when walking, veins deep inside the leg are squeezed.
    • No one really knows what causes these sudden, painful muscle spasms in the calf, the thigh or the arch of the foot.
    • Exercise in the heat can bring on heat cramps, which usually affect tired muscles in the calves, thighs and shoulders.
    • In patients with venous insufficiency damage occurs to the veins or calf muscle pump, resulting in high venous pressures in the deep veins.
    • Lengthening the tendon or an attached calf muscle reduces the pressure on the ball of the foot to help prevent and treat diabetic foot ulcers.
    • That's partly because you've lost flexibility in the calf and the soleus muscle, which is near the ankle.
    • The Achilles tendon is the thick, strong tendon that joins the calf muscles to the heel bone.
    • Then, begin stretching the plantar fascia and the Achilles tendon, which attaches the calf muscles to the heel bone.
    • From the ankle, the saphenous vein ascends the calf along the border of the gastrocnemius muscle.
    • The most crippling injuries were to Simon's right leg, mangled beyond recognition below the knee, the entire calf musculature torn off.
    • The devotees were also treated for their excruciating pain in their shoulders, neck, back, thighs, knees, calves, ankle and foot.
    • In the legs, the normal action of the calf muscles helps pump the blood back to the heart, usually without difficulty.
    • I do standing calf raises for gastrocnemius and seated calf raises for soleus muscles.

Origin

Middle English: from Old Norse kálfi, of unknown origin.

 
 
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