Definition of topography in English:

topography

nounPlural topographies təˈpɒɡrəfitəˈpɑɡrəfi

mass noun

1The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
the topography of the island
Example sentencesExamples
- Vernal pools are shallow depressions in the natural topography that have hard pan, impermeable hard pan, beneath them and when the winter rains come they fill with water.
- The site plan responds to the site's topography, respecting natural arroyos and ridges.
- Talpacific Holidays is putting the boot into New Zealand with escorted walking tours through some of the country's most spectacular topography and active wildlife areas.
- The reservoir is an example of using natural topography for rainwater harvesting.
- The islands' topography includes such diverse features as active volcanos, grassy pastures, and endless stretches of beach.
- The volcanic vista in Lava Lake also features designed topography, including striped atolls from which astronautlike figures survey the swirling red seas of their planet.
- Its blast was bigger than ‘Little Boy's’ but its impact was reduced by the natural topography of the city.
- The crescent of land that crowns Michigan's lower peninsula offers perfect topography, soil, views and weather.
- Situated 20 km from the centre of Budapest in rolling countryside, the track climbs and falls around the natural topography.
- At the time, project planners were hell-bent on sticking a shopping center underneath the school, and they carved away much of the natural topography in the process.
- ‘It was a great site to work with, with natural topography and sand and gravel, which really allowed us to go crazy,’ said Eitelman.
- The weather and seasons in the Greater Middle East, and related matters of terrain and topography, present a very mixed and varied picture.
- To evade mountain lions and other predators they need both steep topography and open terrain.
- However, there is a potential for increased tourism because of the natural beauty and varied topography and because the country is unspoiled and inexpensive.
- This use of the available topography provided natural insulation that kept the cellars an even, cool temperature.
- Of course, Stane Street was not totally straight: it had to take into account the undulations and natural barriers of British topography.
- Squares and rectangles are the main planning module and these warp into parallelograms to accommodate the natural topography.
- They also recognize a broad variety of contexts, including physical topography, other human landscape artefacts and religious or cultural beliefs about the landscape.
- In most of the landscape, these form areas of relatively featureless topography as they are easily eroded.
- It lies on a chalk knoll, its natural topography having been sculptured and modelled through successive phases of construction and reconstruction.
Synonyms
landscape, countryside, country, terrain, setting, surroundings, environment
1. 1.1count noun A detailed description or representation on a map of the physical features of an area.
  Example sentencesExamples
  The exhibition studies immigration patterns in the region as well as the blend of the urban, suburban and wilderness topographies of West Coast cities.
  To remove high frequency noise, the topographies were processed by a Gaussian spatial filter (Ï = 1.5, 21 × 21 matrix).
  Shaking his head, he crossed over and took out a topography map.
  He called up a topography map of the area and overlaid the data from the tornado's path on it.
  The study begins with a detailed topography of Augsburg's taverns, locating them firmly in the urban landscape.
  Their parallel arts of word and legend encompass the omniglot signifiers of religious, political, military, philosophical, technical rural, urban, economic, generational, and ethnic topographies.
  She has long been creating terrestrial and aerial topographies, and the installation anticipates her own design for the Roman museum itself (scheduled for completion in 2004).
  By training the telescope on the edge of the sun, the researchers depicted the three-dimensional topographies of the granules, which last 6 to 10 minutes.
  A casual viewer might think that the artist has painstakingly built up these colorful topographies with paint alone.
  What resembles from afar a tarp-covered car turns out, on closer inspection, to be a brown cloth hillock stitched with an abstract topography.
  Exploration, like with Knights of the Old Republic, is performed in fully rendered 3D environments that are loaded with tons of detail, assorted interactive personalities, and large open range topographies.
  The argument is built on speculative interpretations of bones, artifacts, and site topographies each of which can be replaced by alternative interpretations.
  And this percentage is even greater when aerial topographies are used.
  Detailed maps that include topography, back roads and waterways as small as creeks are a must.
2Anatomy Biology
The distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism.
Example sentencesExamples
- Studies in migrant Asians comparing body fat topography with that in Caucasians have confirmed similar findings.
- The use of atomic force microscopy has recently allowed measurement of the endothelial surface topography in vitro for the first time.
- A computer, programmed with the patient's refraction and corneal topography, controls the laser beam to precisely remove corneal tissue.
- They use a surface topography conducive to generating new bone growth.
- The surface topography of the silicified microbe is controlled by the size and distribution of the opal-A spheres.
- Pattern formation in either or both membrane composition and topography at the junction between a cell or a lipid vesicle and a surface, has been noted for decades.
- The outcome of infection depends mainly on the severity and topography of histological gastritis, which may be determined by the age at which infection is acquired.
- Second, the cellular surface topography is different.
- Various topographies in phospholipid bilayers, such as vacancies/holes, protrusions, channels, and blisters have been imaged by AFM.

Derivatives

topographer

noun təˈpɒɡrəfətəˈpɑɡrəfər

Some topographers have denied that a street of this name ever existed, but inscriptions referring to the ‘curator ‘of the Via Aurelia Nova, Via Cornelia, and Via Triumphalis confirm its reality.’
Example sentencesExamples
- Army topographers knew little about Crow country, especially where lay the best routes for wagon roads linking the Platte with the Missouri and the Yellowstone.
- During WWII John worked with the Second Australian Field Survey Company as a topographer, and recently visited the Richmond River Historical Society, where seven of the maps he made 62 years ago are on display.
- For example, topographers would record a mountain as a set of measurements, which a cartographer would later condense into a set of contour lines, enabling the ready visual apprehension of the mountain as a topographic fact.
- To achieve this, a technology is used that is becoming more regularly employed by topographers.
- Hitherto, contemporary scenes beyond the scope of portraiture, landscape, or caricature had fallen to two types of artist: topographers and genre painters.
- Mid-nineteenth-century medical topographers both drew on his thinking and copied his representational forms, taking it as their task to do for the mapping of disease what Humboldt had done for the mapping of vegetation.
- This practice was in keeping with the survey process; for topographers or geologists, cloud formations at any given moment were transient and incidental to the structure of a view.
- He was a British soldier and topographer, and the second European to visit the area and research the mountain.
- Hence, nineteenth-century excavators, to some extent still under the spell of the Renaissance topographers, identified remains near the Via del Pellegrino in the Campo Marzio as belonging to the Via Triumphalis.
- Using various perspectives allows the investigator to map technical core activities, managerial-level actions, and strategies at the institutional level, not unlike topographers mapping terrain.
- This did not prevent them from involving Irish topographers with local insight as well.
- I turned for further enlightenment to the great topographer in his book Nairn's London, and sure enough he was captivated by Beckton as well - or at least by its gasworks.
- As surveyor and topographer, he took on the task of making sketches of the stockades.
- He had become a repetitious provincial topographer.
- He and his colleagues borrowed ideas from photogrammetry, a technique used by topographers and aerial surveyors to create three-dimensional views from two-dimensional images.

Origin

Late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek topographia, from topos 'place' + -graphia (see -graphy).

utopia from mid 16th century:
The English scholar and statesman Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in Latin in 1516, depicting an imaginary island enjoying a perfect social, legal, and political system. The name implies that such an ideal place exists ‘nowhere’, as More created it from Greek ou ‘not’, and topos ‘place’ the source of terms such as topography (mid 17th century), the arrangement of the physical features of an area. In the 17th century other writers started using utopia for other imaginary places where everything is perfect. The opposite of a utopia is a dystopia where everything is as bad as possible, a word formed in the late 18th century from Greek dus- ‘bad’, as if More had formed the word from Greek eu- ‘good’. Cacotopia or kakotopia (early 19th century) are less popular alternatives to dystopia. Topia has recently come to be used as a combining form for new words such as ecotopia, an ideal ecological world; motopia, a slightly misleading term as it means an ideal world where the use of cars is limited; pornotopia, the ideal setting for pornography; queuetopia, a far from ideal world of long queues; and subtopia, the ideal suburban world.

Rhymes

autobiography, bibliography, biography, cardiography, cartography, chirography, choreography, chromatography, cinematography, cosmography, cryptography, demography, discography, filmography, geography, hagiography, historiography, hydrography, iconography, lexicography, lithography, oceanography, orthography, palaeography (US paleography), photography, radiography, reprography, stenography, typography

Definition of topography in US English:

topography

nountəˈpɑɡrəfitəˈpäɡrəfē

1The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
the topography of the island
Example sentencesExamples
- Of course, Stane Street was not totally straight: it had to take into account the undulations and natural barriers of British topography.
- The site plan responds to the site's topography, respecting natural arroyos and ridges.
- They also recognize a broad variety of contexts, including physical topography, other human landscape artefacts and religious or cultural beliefs about the landscape.
- Talpacific Holidays is putting the boot into New Zealand with escorted walking tours through some of the country's most spectacular topography and active wildlife areas.
- ‘It was a great site to work with, with natural topography and sand and gravel, which really allowed us to go crazy,’ said Eitelman.
- Vernal pools are shallow depressions in the natural topography that have hard pan, impermeable hard pan, beneath them and when the winter rains come they fill with water.
- Situated 20 km from the centre of Budapest in rolling countryside, the track climbs and falls around the natural topography.
- This use of the available topography provided natural insulation that kept the cellars an even, cool temperature.
- Squares and rectangles are the main planning module and these warp into parallelograms to accommodate the natural topography.
- The reservoir is an example of using natural topography for rainwater harvesting.
- Its blast was bigger than ‘Little Boy's’ but its impact was reduced by the natural topography of the city.
- To evade mountain lions and other predators they need both steep topography and open terrain.
- In most of the landscape, these form areas of relatively featureless topography as they are easily eroded.
- The islands' topography includes such diverse features as active volcanos, grassy pastures, and endless stretches of beach.
- The volcanic vista in Lava Lake also features designed topography, including striped atolls from which astronautlike figures survey the swirling red seas of their planet.
- The crescent of land that crowns Michigan's lower peninsula offers perfect topography, soil, views and weather.
- However, there is a potential for increased tourism because of the natural beauty and varied topography and because the country is unspoiled and inexpensive.
- It lies on a chalk knoll, its natural topography having been sculptured and modelled through successive phases of construction and reconstruction.
- At the time, project planners were hell-bent on sticking a shopping center underneath the school, and they carved away much of the natural topography in the process.
- The weather and seasons in the Greater Middle East, and related matters of terrain and topography, present a very mixed and varied picture.
Synonyms
landscape, countryside, country, terrain, setting, surroundings, environment
1. 1.1 A detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of an area.
  Example sentencesExamples
  Their parallel arts of word and legend encompass the omniglot signifiers of religious, political, military, philosophical, technical rural, urban, economic, generational, and ethnic topographies.
  By training the telescope on the edge of the sun, the researchers depicted the three-dimensional topographies of the granules, which last 6 to 10 minutes.
  Shaking his head, he crossed over and took out a topography map.
  A casual viewer might think that the artist has painstakingly built up these colorful topographies with paint alone.
  The study begins with a detailed topography of Augsburg's taverns, locating them firmly in the urban landscape.
  And this percentage is even greater when aerial topographies are used.
  Detailed maps that include topography, back roads and waterways as small as creeks are a must.
  He called up a topography map of the area and overlaid the data from the tornado's path on it.
  The argument is built on speculative interpretations of bones, artifacts, and site topographies each of which can be replaced by alternative interpretations.
  The exhibition studies immigration patterns in the region as well as the blend of the urban, suburban and wilderness topographies of West Coast cities.
  To remove high frequency noise, the topographies were processed by a Gaussian spatial filter (Ï = 1.5, 21 × 21 matrix).
  What resembles from afar a tarp-covered car turns out, on closer inspection, to be a brown cloth hillock stitched with an abstract topography.
  Exploration, like with Knights of the Old Republic, is performed in fully rendered 3D environments that are loaded with tons of detail, assorted interactive personalities, and large open range topographies.
  She has long been creating terrestrial and aerial topographies, and the installation anticipates her own design for the Roman museum itself (scheduled for completion in 2004).
2. 1.2Anatomy Biology The distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism.
  Example sentencesExamples
  Studies in migrant Asians comparing body fat topography with that in Caucasians have confirmed similar findings.
  Second, the cellular surface topography is different.
  They use a surface topography conducive to generating new bone growth.
  The use of atomic force microscopy has recently allowed measurement of the endothelial surface topography in vitro for the first time.
  The surface topography of the silicified microbe is controlled by the size and distribution of the opal-A spheres.
  Pattern formation in either or both membrane composition and topography at the junction between a cell or a lipid vesicle and a surface, has been noted for decades.
  The outcome of infection depends mainly on the severity and topography of histological gastritis, which may be determined by the age at which infection is acquired.
  A computer, programmed with the patient's refraction and corneal topography, controls the laser beam to precisely remove corneal tissue.
  Various topographies in phospholipid bilayers, such as vacancies/holes, protrusions, channels, and blisters have been imaged by AFM.

Origin

Late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek topographia, from topos ‘place’ + -graphia (see -graphy).

单词	topography
释义	Definition of topography in English: topography nounPlural topographies təˈpɒɡrəfitəˈpɑɡrəfi mass noun 1The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. the topography of the island Example sentencesExamples Vernal pools are shallow depressions in the natural topography that have hard pan, impermeable hard pan, beneath them and when the winter rains come they fill with water. The site plan responds to the site's topography, respecting natural arroyos and ridges. Talpacific Holidays is putting the boot into New Zealand with escorted walking tours through some of the country's most spectacular topography and active wildlife areas. The reservoir is an example of using natural topography for rainwater harvesting. The islands' topography includes such diverse features as active volcanos, grassy pastures, and endless stretches of beach. The volcanic vista in Lava Lake also features designed topography, including striped atolls from which astronautlike figures survey the swirling red seas of their planet. Its blast was bigger than ‘Little Boy's’ but its impact was reduced by the natural topography of the city. The crescent of land that crowns Michigan's lower peninsula offers perfect topography, soil, views and weather. Situated 20 km from the centre of Budapest in rolling countryside, the track climbs and falls around the natural topography. At the time, project planners were hell-bent on sticking a shopping center underneath the school, and they carved away much of the natural topography in the process. ‘It was a great site to work with, with natural topography and sand and gravel, which really allowed us to go crazy,’ said Eitelman. The weather and seasons in the Greater Middle East, and related matters of terrain and topography, present a very mixed and varied picture. To evade mountain lions and other predators they need both steep topography and open terrain. However, there is a potential for increased tourism because of the natural beauty and varied topography and because the country is unspoiled and inexpensive. This use of the available topography provided natural insulation that kept the cellars an even, cool temperature. Of course, Stane Street was not totally straight: it had to take into account the undulations and natural barriers of British topography. Squares and rectangles are the main planning module and these warp into parallelograms to accommodate the natural topography. They also recognize a broad variety of contexts, including physical topography, other human landscape artefacts and religious or cultural beliefs about the landscape. In most of the landscape, these form areas of relatively featureless topography as they are easily eroded. It lies on a chalk knoll, its natural topography having been sculptured and modelled through successive phases of construction and reconstruction. Synonyms landscape, countryside, country, terrain, setting, surroundings, environment 1.1count noun A detailed description or representation on a map of the physical features of an area. Example sentencesExamples The exhibition studies immigration patterns in the region as well as the blend of the urban, suburban and wilderness topographies of West Coast cities. To remove high frequency noise, the topographies were processed by a Gaussian spatial filter (Ï = 1.5, 21 × 21 matrix). Shaking his head, he crossed over and took out a topography map. He called up a topography map of the area and overlaid the data from the tornado's path on it. The study begins with a detailed topography of Augsburg's taverns, locating them firmly in the urban landscape. Their parallel arts of word and legend encompass the omniglot signifiers of religious, political, military, philosophical, technical rural, urban, economic, generational, and ethnic topographies. She has long been creating terrestrial and aerial topographies, and the installation anticipates her own design for the Roman museum itself (scheduled for completion in 2004). By training the telescope on the edge of the sun, the researchers depicted the three-dimensional topographies of the granules, which last 6 to 10 minutes. A casual viewer might think that the artist has painstakingly built up these colorful topographies with paint alone. What resembles from afar a tarp-covered car turns out, on closer inspection, to be a brown cloth hillock stitched with an abstract topography. Exploration, like with Knights of the Old Republic, is performed in fully rendered 3D environments that are loaded with tons of detail, assorted interactive personalities, and large open range topographies. The argument is built on speculative interpretations of bones, artifacts, and site topographies each of which can be replaced by alternative interpretations. And this percentage is even greater when aerial topographies are used. Detailed maps that include topography, back roads and waterways as small as creeks are a must. 2Anatomy Biology The distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism. Example sentencesExamples Studies in migrant Asians comparing body fat topography with that in Caucasians have confirmed similar findings. The use of atomic force microscopy has recently allowed measurement of the endothelial surface topography in vitro for the first time. A computer, programmed with the patient's refraction and corneal topography, controls the laser beam to precisely remove corneal tissue. They use a surface topography conducive to generating new bone growth. The surface topography of the silicified microbe is controlled by the size and distribution of the opal-A spheres. Pattern formation in either or both membrane composition and topography at the junction between a cell or a lipid vesicle and a surface, has been noted for decades. The outcome of infection depends mainly on the severity and topography of histological gastritis, which may be determined by the age at which infection is acquired. Second, the cellular surface topography is different. Various topographies in phospholipid bilayers, such as vacancies/holes, protrusions, channels, and blisters have been imaged by AFM. Derivatives topographer noun təˈpɒɡrəfətəˈpɑɡrəfər Some topographers have denied that a street of this name ever existed, but inscriptions referring to the ‘curator ‘of the Via Aurelia Nova, Via Cornelia, and Via Triumphalis confirm its reality.’ Example sentencesExamples Army topographers knew little about Crow country, especially where lay the best routes for wagon roads linking the Platte with the Missouri and the Yellowstone. During WWII John worked with the Second Australian Field Survey Company as a topographer, and recently visited the Richmond River Historical Society, where seven of the maps he made 62 years ago are on display. For example, topographers would record a mountain as a set of measurements, which a cartographer would later condense into a set of contour lines, enabling the ready visual apprehension of the mountain as a topographic fact. To achieve this, a technology is used that is becoming more regularly employed by topographers. Hitherto, contemporary scenes beyond the scope of portraiture, landscape, or caricature had fallen to two types of artist: topographers and genre painters. Mid-nineteenth-century medical topographers both drew on his thinking and copied his representational forms, taking it as their task to do for the mapping of disease what Humboldt had done for the mapping of vegetation. This practice was in keeping with the survey process; for topographers or geologists, cloud formations at any given moment were transient and incidental to the structure of a view. He was a British soldier and topographer, and the second European to visit the area and research the mountain. Hence, nineteenth-century excavators, to some extent still under the spell of the Renaissance topographers, identified remains near the Via del Pellegrino in the Campo Marzio as belonging to the Via Triumphalis. Using various perspectives allows the investigator to map technical core activities, managerial-level actions, and strategies at the institutional level, not unlike topographers mapping terrain. This did not prevent them from involving Irish topographers with local insight as well. I turned for further enlightenment to the great topographer in his book Nairn's London, and sure enough he was captivated by Beckton as well - or at least by its gasworks. As surveyor and topographer, he took on the task of making sketches of the stockades. He had become a repetitious provincial topographer. He and his colleagues borrowed ideas from photogrammetry, a technique used by topographers and aerial surveyors to create three-dimensional views from two-dimensional images. Origin Late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek topographia, from topos 'place' + -graphia (see -graphy). utopia from mid 16th century: The English scholar and statesman Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in Latin in 1516, depicting an imaginary island enjoying a perfect social, legal, and political system. The name implies that such an ideal place exists ‘nowhere’, as More created it from Greek ou ‘not’, and topos ‘place’ the source of terms such as topography (mid 17th century), the arrangement of the physical features of an area. In the 17th century other writers started using utopia for other imaginary places where everything is perfect. The opposite of a utopia is a dystopia where everything is as bad as possible, a word formed in the late 18th century from Greek dus- ‘bad’, as if More had formed the word from Greek eu- ‘good’. Cacotopia or kakotopia (early 19th century) are less popular alternatives to dystopia. Topia has recently come to be used as a combining form for new words such as ecotopia, an ideal ecological world; motopia, a slightly misleading term as it means an ideal world where the use of cars is limited; pornotopia, the ideal setting for pornography; queuetopia, a far from ideal world of long queues; and subtopia, the ideal suburban world. Rhymes autobiography, bibliography, biography, cardiography, cartography, chirography, choreography, chromatography, cinematography, cosmography, cryptography, demography, discography, filmography, geography, hagiography, historiography, hydrography, iconography, lexicography, lithography, oceanography, orthography, palaeography (US paleography), photography, radiography, reprography, stenography, typography Definition of topography in US English: topography nountəˈpɑɡrəfitəˈpäɡrəfē 1The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. the topography of the island Example sentencesExamples Of course, Stane Street was not totally straight: it had to take into account the undulations and natural barriers of British topography. The site plan responds to the site's topography, respecting natural arroyos and ridges. They also recognize a broad variety of contexts, including physical topography, other human landscape artefacts and religious or cultural beliefs about the landscape. Talpacific Holidays is putting the boot into New Zealand with escorted walking tours through some of the country's most spectacular topography and active wildlife areas. ‘It was a great site to work with, with natural topography and sand and gravel, which really allowed us to go crazy,’ said Eitelman. Vernal pools are shallow depressions in the natural topography that have hard pan, impermeable hard pan, beneath them and when the winter rains come they fill with water. Situated 20 km from the centre of Budapest in rolling countryside, the track climbs and falls around the natural topography. This use of the available topography provided natural insulation that kept the cellars an even, cool temperature. Squares and rectangles are the main planning module and these warp into parallelograms to accommodate the natural topography. The reservoir is an example of using natural topography for rainwater harvesting. Its blast was bigger than ‘Little Boy's’ but its impact was reduced by the natural topography of the city. To evade mountain lions and other predators they need both steep topography and open terrain. In most of the landscape, these form areas of relatively featureless topography as they are easily eroded. The islands' topography includes such diverse features as active volcanos, grassy pastures, and endless stretches of beach. The volcanic vista in Lava Lake also features designed topography, including striped atolls from which astronautlike figures survey the swirling red seas of their planet. The crescent of land that crowns Michigan's lower peninsula offers perfect topography, soil, views and weather. However, there is a potential for increased tourism because of the natural beauty and varied topography and because the country is unspoiled and inexpensive. It lies on a chalk knoll, its natural topography having been sculptured and modelled through successive phases of construction and reconstruction. At the time, project planners were hell-bent on sticking a shopping center underneath the school, and they carved away much of the natural topography in the process. The weather and seasons in the Greater Middle East, and related matters of terrain and topography, present a very mixed and varied picture. Synonyms landscape, countryside, country, terrain, setting, surroundings, environment 1.1 A detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of an area. Example sentencesExamples Their parallel arts of word and legend encompass the omniglot signifiers of religious, political, military, philosophical, technical rural, urban, economic, generational, and ethnic topographies. By training the telescope on the edge of the sun, the researchers depicted the three-dimensional topographies of the granules, which last 6 to 10 minutes. Shaking his head, he crossed over and took out a topography map. A casual viewer might think that the artist has painstakingly built up these colorful topographies with paint alone. The study begins with a detailed topography of Augsburg's taverns, locating them firmly in the urban landscape. And this percentage is even greater when aerial topographies are used. Detailed maps that include topography, back roads and waterways as small as creeks are a must. He called up a topography map of the area and overlaid the data from the tornado's path on it. The argument is built on speculative interpretations of bones, artifacts, and site topographies each of which can be replaced by alternative interpretations. The exhibition studies immigration patterns in the region as well as the blend of the urban, suburban and wilderness topographies of West Coast cities. To remove high frequency noise, the topographies were processed by a Gaussian spatial filter (Ï = 1.5, 21 × 21 matrix). What resembles from afar a tarp-covered car turns out, on closer inspection, to be a brown cloth hillock stitched with an abstract topography. Exploration, like with Knights of the Old Republic, is performed in fully rendered 3D environments that are loaded with tons of detail, assorted interactive personalities, and large open range topographies. She has long been creating terrestrial and aerial topographies, and the installation anticipates her own design for the Roman museum itself (scheduled for completion in 2004). 1.2Anatomy Biology The distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism. Example sentencesExamples Studies in migrant Asians comparing body fat topography with that in Caucasians have confirmed similar findings. Second, the cellular surface topography is different. They use a surface topography conducive to generating new bone growth. The use of atomic force microscopy has recently allowed measurement of the endothelial surface topography in vitro for the first time. The surface topography of the silicified microbe is controlled by the size and distribution of the opal-A spheres. Pattern formation in either or both membrane composition and topography at the junction between a cell or a lipid vesicle and a surface, has been noted for decades. The outcome of infection depends mainly on the severity and topography of histological gastritis, which may be determined by the age at which infection is acquired. A computer, programmed with the patient's refraction and corneal topography, controls the laser beam to precisely remove corneal tissue. Various topographies in phospholipid bilayers, such as vacancies/holes, protrusions, channels, and blisters have been imaged by AFM. Origin Late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek topographia, from topos ‘place’ + -graphia (see -graphy).
随便看	unthankfulness unthaw unthawed unthawed unthawed untheorised untheorized unthinkability unthinkability unthinkable unthinkableness unthinkableness unthinkably unthinkably unthinking unthinkingly unthinkingly unthinkingness unthinkingness unthought unthoughtful unthoughtfully unthoughtfulness unthoughtfulnesses unthought of