Definition of subject in English:

subject

noun ˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsəbdʒɛkt

1A person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
I've said all there is to be said on the subject
he's the subject of a major new biography
Example sentencesExamples
- He wrote five works on the subject, the most important of which is one on inference.
- But too often he speaks his mind on subjects best left alone, and he will undoubtedly upset someone, somewhere.
- Find something that you think would make a good subject and submit a proposal.
- When I went to the library to see if there was anything on the subject there was very little.
- They do this because they think one should discuss questions about goodness, justice and expediency in this place which was founded by the man who made all these subjects his business.
- They have a guest speaker at their monthly meetings, dealing with subjects diverse and interesting.
- Since all three of these surfaces have been subjects of projects for me, I could not resist the temptation to illustrate The Proof of Archytas.
- Most mathematicians study the subject because they develop such a deep love of the topic.
- Rowlands tried but failed to secure an emergency parliamentary statement on the subject.
- Columella was a Roman soldier and farmer who wrote extensively on agriculture and similar subjects, hoping to foster in people a love for farming and a liking for the simple life.
- Another indication may be whether I am asked to speak about a subject that involves this statement.
- It seems clear from the responses that we prefer to put to the backs of our minds unpalatable subjects such as injury, death, being left without a partner or our children being orphaned.
- The Musical Times is a quarterly journal that considers for publication articles on a wide variety of musical subjects.
- We welcome proposals suggesting new subjects for review essays, both within and across disciplines.
- Indeed, throughout the book there is the recurrent suggestion that a grand connection between the two subjects will be revealed.
- Mr Smith should present reasoned arguments, not use broad sweeping statements about subjects which it seems he does not fully understand.
- Despite some bold statements, the subject always came back to science.
- With that as his last statement on the subject, suddenly, he too was racing out the door.
- Anything written on the subject is now a look back at a historical event.
- In the beginning, conditions in the camp were tolerable and some prisoners, being specialists in certain fields, would entertain themselves by lecturing to others on diverse subjects.
Synonyms
theme, subject matter, topic, issue, question, concern, text, thesis, content, point, motif, thread
substance, essence, gist, matter
1. 1.1 A person or circumstance giving rise to a specified feeling, response, or action.
  the incident was the subject of international condemnation
  Example sentencesExamples
  The guided part of the project is the subject of a public inquiry which started this week.
  Norway's polar bear population will be the subject of a census this year.
  Its original plans were thrown out by the city council and are the subject of a forthcoming public inquiry.
  Shops along the southern side of Union Street also need to be spruced up but are now the subject of intensive public debate.
  By January of this year the issue of the aluminum tubes had already become a subject of intense public debate.
  Smith was made the subject of a community rehabilitation order for two years.
  From our responses, the subject of shirt sponsorship is a sensitive one for United fans.
  Whether the bill ought to be made the subject of public comment and consultation before its passage in Parliament?
  This all seems to be in response to the subject of human rights and the inclusion of sexual orientation in the bill.
  There was a punter somewhere in Britain whose name I forget but whose strange activities were the subject of some publicity many years ago.
  The judge said Parker, who was the subject of a community rehabilitation order, seemed to be responding well and wanted to encourage him.
  But it must be confirmed by the full council and must be the subject of public submissions before being imposed.
  Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, is not generally the subject of short-term speculation.
  Why obscure a news photo taken in a public place about a subject of national concern?
  Traditionally, this sort of thing has never been a subject of public concern in Britain.
  The defendant had once been made the subject of a community penalty and did well.
  This appeal is now due to be the subject of a new public inquiry into whether the 1965 consent is valid.
  He has said he wants to find out about the difficulties which have been the subject of much public debate in recent months.
  Instead, we will turn to some of the issues generated by the subject of authenticity.
  The issue of gated communities has been a subject of intense public debate and litigation in recent months.
2. 1.2 A person who is the focus of scientific or medical attention or experiment.
  subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire
  Example sentencesExamples
  Our medical researchers are in desperate need of real, human subjects to experiment with cures, as they have been unfairly restricted to the use of white rats.
  Asthma was documented by the subject's medical history and by physician diagnosis.
  None of the control subjects were taking prescription medications, and all had normal spirometry.
  Beecher, himself a physician, detailed the routine abuses of human research subjects in medical experiments.
  Our methodology could be used to address this question and to identify those attributes that are common predictors of quality for different medical subjects.
  Things get problematic when you confuse the test result with the subject.
  This was measured by responses to binary forced choice questions (yes or no) asking if the subjects would take the proposed action.
  Once their clinical training begins medical students are subject to high levels of stress, and some do not respond well.
  Davies is also keen on another idea: getting the subjects of medical research, the patients, more involved.
  This is a condition in which subjects have had a portion of their primary visual cortex destroyed, and apparently become blind in a region of their visual field as a result.
  Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results.
  Perhaps the greatest surprise in the study was the huge disparity between how the subjects performed in the real life situations and their results on the test.
  None of the subjects acknowledged using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs.
  Just as every article has a list of authors, every research study should include a statement regarding human subjects.
  The proposed study subjects would be twenty victims of violent assault who have been given diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder.
  The crucial difference between the two series is that, although they both set out to explain human development, only the television series projects scientific theory onto real subjects.
  In these experiments, test subjects with maladies ranging from severe brain trauma to bipolar disorder undergo a battery of visual tests.
  This would have enhanced slightly the observed difference in D between the healthy subjects and the emphysema patients.
  The subjects, from Medicare lists, were followed for 5 years to look for new heart attacks, angina, heart failure or stroke.
  Several subjects produced diagnosis cards and follow-up notes from medical clinics.
  Synonyms
  participant, volunteer
  case, client, patient
  informal guinea pig
3. 1.3Logic The part of a proposition about which a statement is made.
  Example sentencesExamples
  It is the medium in which objects and subjects actually come into existence, and is the medium in which their virtuality resides.
  This book is an introduction to logic, as contemporary logicians now understand the subject.
4. 1.4Music A theme of a fugue or of a piece in sonata form; a leading phrase or motif.
  the chorale-like second subject of the Scherzo
  Example sentencesExamples
  Indeed, the fugue's subject is almost a twin to the opening theme of Flos campi.
  Schumann often worries his musical subjects beyond their deadline.
  When changing from the lighter Handel subjects to the deep tragedy of Haydn, immediately his mannerism changed and so did the mood of the audience.
  A second subject is more lyrical, but the first is never far away and is used to conclude the movement.
  At the premiere Handel gave an organ extemporisation on the fugal subject taken up by the choir.
2A branch of knowledge studied or taught in a school, college, or university.
maths is not my best subject
Example sentencesExamples
- The standing of the teaching profession is such that those leaving schools with high performances in science and technology related subjects do not choose teaching as a career.
- Academic freedom is not to be completely free to decide what subjects to teach, or even what material to cover, but free to write and express new ideas.
- Besides content, the manner in which subjects are taught has differential effects on the children of those in dominant and subordinate positions.
- Immersion programs, in which some or all academic subjects are taught in the foreign language, are content based.
- He was principal of Granville High School and taught a variety of subjects in Ohio public schools.
- The National Curriculum, stipulating subjects to be studied until the age of 16, is also introduced.
- It is there that subjects are taught in Gaelic, the only college in Scotland where this happens.
- I was taught all the regular subjects, algebra and trigonometry, English and classical literature, history and current events.
- So from that we can conclude that girls have more knowledge about the subjects which are examined in today's society than boys.
- They bought a cottage on the main street and converted it into a shop called Reading Glasses which specializes in women's studies and social sciences, the subjects she used to teach.
- He is now attached to a primary school, even though he is qualified to teach politics and other subjects in middle schools.
- It is important for young people to have training opportunities, but the place for teaching these subjects is at college.
- Why can English and maths not be taught within subjects like history and geography rather than separately?
- They gain knowledge of subjects in which they are and are not interested.
- The names of the high school and college subjects in this story have been changed for the sake of privacy.
- Physical Education lessons are part of the National Curriculum and therefore the subject is taught in schools up and down the country.
- Mr. Burke is quick to caution that no education is free of cultural bias, even if the subject being taught is physics or biology.
- Even kindergartens teach kids advanced subjects such as math, English and Chinese characters.
- On the other hand, districts have used shortages to rationalize the employment of people who have not studied and do nor know the subjects they will teach.
- He realised that a writer had to widen his mind when he encountered cartoonist Madan's multifaceted knowledge of subjects from anthropology to psychology.
Synonyms
branch of knowledge, branch of study, course of study, course, discipline, field, area, specialism, speciality, specialty
3A member of a state other than its ruler, especially one owing allegiance to a monarch or other supreme ruler.
the legislation is applicable only to British subjects
Example sentencesExamples
- The traditional ruler explained that his subjects had vowed to vote for any of the opposition parties that may adopt candidates from the local people living in Chilubi.
- She argues that the identification of subjects as tribe members or peasants reflects very different terms of access to resources in the eyes of the state.
- These answers are interchangeable and, what is more important, absolve both rulers and subjects from facing reality and taking responsibility.
- After all, in opening the gallery in 1962, she had been the first British monarch to let her subjects give the family silverware to the Antiques Roadshow once-over.
- The highest duty of a ruler is to protect his subjects; the ruler who enjoys the rewards of his position is bound to that duty.
- In saltana, there are no citizens, only subjects, while the ruler is unaccountable except to God.
- The relationship that the population of Northern Ireland - elites and ordinary people - have to the peace process is like that of subjects to a monarch.
- They were primarily to secure the allegiance of their subject, with most barons providing military service.
- According to the Islamic Treatise on Holy Law, the ruler comes to power by an agreement between the ruler and his subjects.
- An increasing number of subjects felt that members of the royal family wished to be ordinary people when it suited them, royal when it did not.
- Rather, diverse theories have been employed to explain why rulers and subjects think and act as they do and how their thoughts and actions shape the course of politics.
- These historians believe that the Taj Mahal symbolizes the tyranny of a powerful ruler exploiting his subjects and flaunting his magnificence to the world.
- The priests were said to use the sacraments to make the Queen's subjects switch their allegiance to the King of Spain.
- The very nature of this prohibition makes it ideally adapted to produce direct effects in the legal relationship between Member States and their subjects.
- Rulers are above their subjects, at a distance, and not fully observed.
- The gulf between the union's rulers and their subjects is now unbridgeable.
- He was most tolerant of all Mughal rulers and let his subjects practice their faiths without any fear of persecution.
- The films shared a common theme: the princess-turned-stunt-woman must conquer evil power in the kingdom and set free good subjects and rulers.
- The strange case of Duleep Singh, Victoria's favorite Maharaja: a ruler without any subjects.
- They had suffered severe persecution since 1570, when the Pope had excommunicated Elizabeth, releasing her subjects from their allegiance to her.
Synonyms
citizen, national, native, resident, inhabitant
taxpayer, voter
liege, liegeman, vassal, subordinate, underling
henchman, retainer, follower
4Grammar
A noun or noun phrase functioning as one of the main components of a clause, being the element about which the rest of the clause is predicated.
Example sentencesExamples
- Government is an extension of the traditional term whereby a verb governs its object, but for Chomsky prepositions may govern and subjects may be governed.
- An incidental point: once we have accusative subjects, the third-person singular verb form comes in here comes me is just what we'd expect.
- Two of the subjects produced target language variants of the two structures more consistently after pronoun subjects than after subjects containing a noun.
- There are verbs taking a subject and two objects and a subordinate clause.
- This style is formal, favouring noun clauses as subjects and objects, and often postponing the main verb, or distancing it from the subject.
5Philosophy
A thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind.
Example sentencesExamples
- In the philosophy of consciousness a subject has over against it a world of objects.
- Object in his parlance means something met with in experience, or in the subject's consciousness.
- In the latter case some go as far as speaking unhesitatingly of the mind as a subject - or a self, ego, or even a soul.
1. 5.1 The central substance or core of a thing as opposed to its attributes.

adjective ˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsəbdʒɛkt

1Likely or prone to be affected by (a particular condition or occurrence, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one)
he was subject to bouts of manic depression
Synonyms
susceptible to, liable to, prone to, vulnerable to, predisposed to, disposed to, apt/likely to suffer from, easily affected by, in danger of, at risk of, open to, wide open to
rare susceptive of
2Dependent or conditional upon.
the proposed merger is subject to the approval of the shareholders
Example sentencesExamples
- The Labour group has agreed in principle to the proposals, subject to certain conditions.
- He wants our national security decisions subject to the approval of a foreign government.
- The committee voted to approve the plans subject to a legal occupancy agreement being drawn up.
- A report to the authority, which meets on Tuesday, recommends approval of some of the plans subject to some design changes.
- It is also subject to environmental approval and the negotiation of a satisfactory dredging contract.
- Member States of the Community may issue coins subject to approval of the European Central Bank as to volume.
- Banks will have the freedom to charge PLR or sub-PLR rates subject to approval of their boards.
Synonyms
conditional on, contingent on, dependent on, depending on, controlled by
hingeing on, resting on, hanging on
3Under the authority of.
ministers are subject to the laws of the land
Example sentencesExamples
- Banks falling under the securities laws are obviously subject to both banking and securities regulation.
- Once voted down, a new rule on the same subject needs authorization by an act of Congress.
- In fact, the airport is not subject to the same laws of the land as the rest of us.
- It seems that there is some force at work that is not completely subject to the usual laws of nature or of averages.
- If there was no reason at all for the choice, then we have found something that is not subject to the laws of Nature.
- He is God, and therefore not subject to the laws and limitations which he has imposed upon us as our sovereign.
- This is because decisions that concern matters of policy are not subject to a common law duty of care.
- Gentile believers during Acts were not subject to the law.
Synonyms
bound by, constrained by, answerable to, accountable to, liable to, under the control of, at the mercy of
1. 3.1attributive Under the control or domination of another ruler, country, or government.
  the Greeks were the first subject people to break free from Ottoman rule
  Example sentencesExamples
  Bitterness at Aztec rule grew ever more intense among the subject peoples and classes.
  This elite had no formal place in the fifteenth century constitutions and was therefore not subject to direct control.
  The Confessionalization offered the state greater control over the subject population.
  England has always dominated the United Kingdom, although its position has not been that of a colonial power over subject nations.
  If he is not supported by his own side and if he is then subject to a coup from within fairly rapidly, then we will avoid that scenario.
  They had to build castles - strong points from which a few men could dominate a subject population.
  First, there may be a change of mind or a regime change on behalf of the subject country.
  For aliens of enemy origin, the imperialist understanding of political subject status meant two things.

adverb ˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsəbdʒɛkt

subject to

Conditionally upon.
subject to the EC's agreement, we intend to set up an enterprise zone in the area

verb səbˈdʒɛktsəbˈdʒɛkt

[with object]

1subject someone/something toCause or force someone or something to undergo (a particular experience or form of treatment, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one)
he'd subjected her to a terrifying ordeal
Example sentencesExamples
- Having no history, we cannot subject their deceptions to the scrutiny of experience, cannot judge their words by the truth of similar words uttered to us in the past.
- But again it would be inappropriate and unethical to use a placebo when the consequences of doing so would subject someone to the risk of serious or irreversible harm.
- It's quite another to subject hundreds to that treatment because you've invented such poor mechanisms for screening.
- It made it an offence to try to force someone to reveal a spent conviction, or to subject someone to unlawful discrimination.
- Better to leave Brown as a name and a picture on a dust jacket than to subject someone to this version of her story.
- Curiously, there does not seem to be any footage of the select committee subjecting Alastair Campbell to equivalent treatment.
- A city court today sentenced an executive of a private company and his parents to life imprisonment for causing the death of his wife after subjecting her to extreme cruelty due to dowry demands.
- The idea of having his child did not frighten me as much as the thought of myself being forced to marry him or subject a child to his treatment.
- She also said he subjected her to mental cruelty and caused her to go bankrupt.
- Furthermore the portrayal of explicit sex without violence, but which subjects people to treatment that is degrading or dehumanizing, would also be obscene if it causes harm.
- The researchers placed the crystal-coated phages on a silicon surface and subjected them to a heat treatment that killed off the virus while fusing the crystals into a semi-conducting nanowire.
- ‘They claim to be against cruelty to animals but they are quite happy to subject human beings to mental cruelty,’ he told the paper.
- Hospital admission can be a traumatizing event for patients and subjects them to the inevitable treatment errors that occur in this setting.
- ‘If you subject someone to regular colon cleansing, you disrupt the colon's normal function,’ he explains.
- After producing the knife he subjected them to a terrifying experience during which he made them hand over their valuables, blindfolded them, tied them up and raped them.
- You subjected them to a terrifying experience.
- I can think of only two reasons to subject travelers to such treatment.
- He told Mr Justice Collins: ‘It is inhumane to subject someone to that sort of destitution.’
- Traffic between the dishes was then cut off, and the colony was subjected to one of three treatments.
- He served first on a ship then in an artillery workshop but he found his fellow soldiers very difficult as they subjected him to cruelty.
Synonyms
put through, treat with
expose to, lay open to, submit to
2Bring (a person or country) under one's control or jurisdiction, typically by using force.
the city had been subjected to Macedonian rule
Example sentencesExamples
- Moreover, the Malaysian judiciary has been subjected to close political control since independence in 1957.
- Once they regained consciousness, they were subjected to same brutal torture.
- In other words, the major German firms were subjected to tight political supervision and control but were still left at least nominally in private ownership.
- His appeal to citizenship rights would be subjected to the jurisdiction of the national laws in whatever state he was residing.

Derivatives

subjectless

adjective ˈsəbdʒɛktləsˈsəbdʒək(t)ləs

We might add that this subjectless experience is what can only be called ‘transcendental’.
Example sentencesExamples
- The word "sorry" can be used with a preposition phrase headed by for where the preposition has as its complement a subjectless gerund-participial clause or a noun phrase denoting an act.
- Thus Brentano's theory draws a sharp line between judgement and predication in recognizing judgements with a non-predicational content and in taking subjectless sentences at face value.
- A few newspapers do use subjectless tensed headlines - I've seen it in the Chicago area - but most do not.
- The interpretation of Dutch art had been strongly conditioned by Eugene Fromentin's famous view of this painting as essentially subjectless.

Origin

Middle English (in the sense '(person) owing obedience'): from Old French suget, from Latin subjectus 'brought under', past participle of subicere, from sub- 'under' + jacere 'throw'. Senses relating to philosophy, logic, and grammar are derived ultimately from Aristotle's use of to hupokeimenon meaning 'material from which things are made' and 'subject of attributes and predicates'.

jet from late 16th century:
The name jet for a hard black semi-precious mineral comes ultimately from the Greek word gagatēs ‘from Gagai’, a town in Asia Minor. When we refer to a jet of water or gas, or a jet aircraft, we are using a quite different word. It comes from a late 16th-century verb meaning ‘to jut out’, from French jeter ‘to throw’, which goes back to the Latin jacere ‘to throw’. Jut (mid 16th century) is a variant of jet in this sense. Jacere is found in a large number of English words including abject (Late Middle English) literally ‘thrown away’; conjecture (Late Middle English) ‘throw together’; deject (Late Middle English) ‘thrown down’; ejaculate (late 16th century) from jaculum ‘dart, something thrown’; eject (Late Middle English) ‘throw out’; inject (late 16th century) ‘throw in’; jetty (Late Middle English) something thrown out into the water; project (Late Middle English) ‘throw forth’; subject (Middle English) ‘thrown under’; trajectory (late 17th century) ‘something thrown across’. Especially if you use budget airlines, air travel today is far from glamorous, but in the 1950s the idea of flying abroad by jet aircraft was new and sophisticated. At the start of that decade people who flew for pleasure came to be known as the jet set.

Rhymes

affect, bisect, bull-necked, collect, confect, connect, correct, defect, deflect, deject, detect, direct, effect, eject, elect, erect, expect, infect, inflect, inject, inspect, interconnect, interject, intersect, misdirect, neglect, object, perfect, project, prospect, protect, reflect, reject, respect, resurrect, sect, select, suspect, transect, unchecked, Utrecht

Definition of subject in US English:

subject

nounˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt

1A person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
I've said all there is to be said on the subject
he's the subject of a major new biography
Example sentencesExamples
- Since all three of these surfaces have been subjects of projects for me, I could not resist the temptation to illustrate The Proof of Archytas.
- They do this because they think one should discuss questions about goodness, justice and expediency in this place which was founded by the man who made all these subjects his business.
- Columella was a Roman soldier and farmer who wrote extensively on agriculture and similar subjects, hoping to foster in people a love for farming and a liking for the simple life.
- Most mathematicians study the subject because they develop such a deep love of the topic.
- Mr Smith should present reasoned arguments, not use broad sweeping statements about subjects which it seems he does not fully understand.
- But too often he speaks his mind on subjects best left alone, and he will undoubtedly upset someone, somewhere.
- Find something that you think would make a good subject and submit a proposal.
- Another indication may be whether I am asked to speak about a subject that involves this statement.
- Anything written on the subject is now a look back at a historical event.
- The Musical Times is a quarterly journal that considers for publication articles on a wide variety of musical subjects.
- It seems clear from the responses that we prefer to put to the backs of our minds unpalatable subjects such as injury, death, being left without a partner or our children being orphaned.
- He wrote five works on the subject, the most important of which is one on inference.
- They have a guest speaker at their monthly meetings, dealing with subjects diverse and interesting.
- In the beginning, conditions in the camp were tolerable and some prisoners, being specialists in certain fields, would entertain themselves by lecturing to others on diverse subjects.
- With that as his last statement on the subject, suddenly, he too was racing out the door.
- Despite some bold statements, the subject always came back to science.
- We welcome proposals suggesting new subjects for review essays, both within and across disciplines.
- When I went to the library to see if there was anything on the subject there was very little.
- Rowlands tried but failed to secure an emergency parliamentary statement on the subject.
- Indeed, throughout the book there is the recurrent suggestion that a grand connection between the two subjects will be revealed.
Synonyms
theme, subject matter, topic, issue, question, concern, text, thesis, content, point, motif, thread
1. 1.1 A person or circumstance giving rise to a specified feeling, response, or action.
  the incident was the subject of international condemnation
  Example sentencesExamples
  The judge said Parker, who was the subject of a community rehabilitation order, seemed to be responding well and wanted to encourage him.
  The defendant had once been made the subject of a community penalty and did well.
  Shops along the southern side of Union Street also need to be spruced up but are now the subject of intensive public debate.
  The guided part of the project is the subject of a public inquiry which started this week.
  Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, is not generally the subject of short-term speculation.
  Why obscure a news photo taken in a public place about a subject of national concern?
  Traditionally, this sort of thing has never been a subject of public concern in Britain.
  This appeal is now due to be the subject of a new public inquiry into whether the 1965 consent is valid.
  By January of this year the issue of the aluminum tubes had already become a subject of intense public debate.
  He has said he wants to find out about the difficulties which have been the subject of much public debate in recent months.
  There was a punter somewhere in Britain whose name I forget but whose strange activities were the subject of some publicity many years ago.
  Its original plans were thrown out by the city council and are the subject of a forthcoming public inquiry.
  Whether the bill ought to be made the subject of public comment and consultation before its passage in Parliament?
  From our responses, the subject of shirt sponsorship is a sensitive one for United fans.
  But it must be confirmed by the full council and must be the subject of public submissions before being imposed.
  This all seems to be in response to the subject of human rights and the inclusion of sexual orientation in the bill.
  Norway's polar bear population will be the subject of a census this year.
  The issue of gated communities has been a subject of intense public debate and litigation in recent months.
  Smith was made the subject of a community rehabilitation order for two years.
  Instead, we will turn to some of the issues generated by the subject of authenticity.
2. 1.2 A person who is the focus of scientific or medical attention or experiment.
  Example sentencesExamples
  Our methodology could be used to address this question and to identify those attributes that are common predictors of quality for different medical subjects.
  The crucial difference between the two series is that, although they both set out to explain human development, only the television series projects scientific theory onto real subjects.
  Perhaps the greatest surprise in the study was the huge disparity between how the subjects performed in the real life situations and their results on the test.
  Once their clinical training begins medical students are subject to high levels of stress, and some do not respond well.
  Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results.
  In these experiments, test subjects with maladies ranging from severe brain trauma to bipolar disorder undergo a battery of visual tests.
  Our medical researchers are in desperate need of real, human subjects to experiment with cures, as they have been unfairly restricted to the use of white rats.
  Davies is also keen on another idea: getting the subjects of medical research, the patients, more involved.
  The subjects, from Medicare lists, were followed for 5 years to look for new heart attacks, angina, heart failure or stroke.
  Asthma was documented by the subject's medical history and by physician diagnosis.
  The proposed study subjects would be twenty victims of violent assault who have been given diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder.
  This is a condition in which subjects have had a portion of their primary visual cortex destroyed, and apparently become blind in a region of their visual field as a result.
  This was measured by responses to binary forced choice questions (yes or no) asking if the subjects would take the proposed action.
  Things get problematic when you confuse the test result with the subject.
  This would have enhanced slightly the observed difference in D between the healthy subjects and the emphysema patients.
  None of the control subjects were taking prescription medications, and all had normal spirometry.
  Just as every article has a list of authors, every research study should include a statement regarding human subjects.
  Several subjects produced diagnosis cards and follow-up notes from medical clinics.
  Beecher, himself a physician, detailed the routine abuses of human research subjects in medical experiments.
  None of the subjects acknowledged using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs.
  Synonyms
  participant, volunteer
3. 1.3Logic The part of a proposition about which a statement is made.
  Example sentencesExamples
  This book is an introduction to logic, as contemporary logicians now understand the subject.
  It is the medium in which objects and subjects actually come into existence, and is the medium in which their virtuality resides.
4. 1.4Music A theme of a fugue or of a piece in sonata form; a leading phrase or motif.
  Example sentencesExamples
  Indeed, the fugue's subject is almost a twin to the opening theme of Flos campi.
  Schumann often worries his musical subjects beyond their deadline.
  A second subject is more lyrical, but the first is never far away and is used to conclude the movement.
  When changing from the lighter Handel subjects to the deep tragedy of Haydn, immediately his mannerism changed and so did the mood of the audience.
  At the premiere Handel gave an organ extemporisation on the fugal subject taken up by the choir.
2A branch of knowledge studied or taught in a school, college, or university.
Example sentencesExamples
- Even kindergartens teach kids advanced subjects such as math, English and Chinese characters.
- Mr. Burke is quick to caution that no education is free of cultural bias, even if the subject being taught is physics or biology.
- The National Curriculum, stipulating subjects to be studied until the age of 16, is also introduced.
- I was taught all the regular subjects, algebra and trigonometry, English and classical literature, history and current events.
- Besides content, the manner in which subjects are taught has differential effects on the children of those in dominant and subordinate positions.
- Immersion programs, in which some or all academic subjects are taught in the foreign language, are content based.
- Physical Education lessons are part of the National Curriculum and therefore the subject is taught in schools up and down the country.
- It is important for young people to have training opportunities, but the place for teaching these subjects is at college.
- The names of the high school and college subjects in this story have been changed for the sake of privacy.
- Academic freedom is not to be completely free to decide what subjects to teach, or even what material to cover, but free to write and express new ideas.
- They bought a cottage on the main street and converted it into a shop called Reading Glasses which specializes in women's studies and social sciences, the subjects she used to teach.
- He was principal of Granville High School and taught a variety of subjects in Ohio public schools.
- So from that we can conclude that girls have more knowledge about the subjects which are examined in today's society than boys.
- He realised that a writer had to widen his mind when he encountered cartoonist Madan's multifaceted knowledge of subjects from anthropology to psychology.
- On the other hand, districts have used shortages to rationalize the employment of people who have not studied and do nor know the subjects they will teach.
- They gain knowledge of subjects in which they are and are not interested.
- The standing of the teaching profession is such that those leaving schools with high performances in science and technology related subjects do not choose teaching as a career.
- Why can English and maths not be taught within subjects like history and geography rather than separately?
- He is now attached to a primary school, even though he is qualified to teach politics and other subjects in middle schools.
- It is there that subjects are taught in Gaelic, the only college in Scotland where this happens.
Synonyms
branch of knowledge, branch of study, course of study, course, discipline, field, area, specialism, speciality, specialty
3A citizen or member of a state other than its supreme ruler.
Example sentencesExamples
- The relationship that the population of Northern Ireland - elites and ordinary people - have to the peace process is like that of subjects to a monarch.
- Rulers are above their subjects, at a distance, and not fully observed.
- The highest duty of a ruler is to protect his subjects; the ruler who enjoys the rewards of his position is bound to that duty.
- An increasing number of subjects felt that members of the royal family wished to be ordinary people when it suited them, royal when it did not.
- The priests were said to use the sacraments to make the Queen's subjects switch their allegiance to the King of Spain.
- They were primarily to secure the allegiance of their subject, with most barons providing military service.
- He was most tolerant of all Mughal rulers and let his subjects practice their faiths without any fear of persecution.
- According to the Islamic Treatise on Holy Law, the ruler comes to power by an agreement between the ruler and his subjects.
- The films shared a common theme: the princess-turned-stunt-woman must conquer evil power in the kingdom and set free good subjects and rulers.
- In saltana, there are no citizens, only subjects, while the ruler is unaccountable except to God.
- These historians believe that the Taj Mahal symbolizes the tyranny of a powerful ruler exploiting his subjects and flaunting his magnificence to the world.
- They had suffered severe persecution since 1570, when the Pope had excommunicated Elizabeth, releasing her subjects from their allegiance to her.
- These answers are interchangeable and, what is more important, absolve both rulers and subjects from facing reality and taking responsibility.
- After all, in opening the gallery in 1962, she had been the first British monarch to let her subjects give the family silverware to the Antiques Roadshow once-over.
- The very nature of this prohibition makes it ideally adapted to produce direct effects in the legal relationship between Member States and their subjects.
- The traditional ruler explained that his subjects had vowed to vote for any of the opposition parties that may adopt candidates from the local people living in Chilubi.
- The gulf between the union's rulers and their subjects is now unbridgeable.
- She argues that the identification of subjects as tribe members or peasants reflects very different terms of access to resources in the eyes of the state.
- Rather, diverse theories have been employed to explain why rulers and subjects think and act as they do and how their thoughts and actions shape the course of politics.
- The strange case of Duleep Singh, Victoria's favorite Maharaja: a ruler without any subjects.
Synonyms
citizen, national, native, resident, inhabitant
liege, liegeman, vassal, subordinate, underling
4Grammar
A noun phrase functioning as one of the main components of a clause, being the element about which the rest of the clause is predicated.
Example sentencesExamples
- This style is formal, favouring noun clauses as subjects and objects, and often postponing the main verb, or distancing it from the subject.
- An incidental point: once we have accusative subjects, the third-person singular verb form comes in here comes me is just what we'd expect.
- There are verbs taking a subject and two objects and a subordinate clause.
- Two of the subjects produced target language variants of the two structures more consistently after pronoun subjects than after subjects containing a noun.
- Government is an extension of the traditional term whereby a verb governs its object, but for Chomsky prepositions may govern and subjects may be governed.
5Philosophy
A thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind.
Example sentencesExamples
- In the philosophy of consciousness a subject has over against it a world of objects.
- Object in his parlance means something met with in experience, or in the subject's consciousness.
- In the latter case some go as far as speaking unhesitatingly of the mind as a subject - or a self, ego, or even a soul.
1. 5.1 The central substance or core of a thing as opposed to its attributes.

adjectiveˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt

1Likely or prone to be affected by (a particular condition or occurrence, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one)
he was subject to bouts of manic depression
Synonyms
susceptible to, liable to, prone to, vulnerable to, predisposed to, disposed to, apt to suffer from, likely to suffer from, easily affected by, in danger of, at risk of, open to, wide open to
2Dependent or conditional upon.
the proposed merger is subject to the approval of the shareholders
Example sentencesExamples
- The Labour group has agreed in principle to the proposals, subject to certain conditions.
- Banks will have the freedom to charge PLR or sub-PLR rates subject to approval of their boards.
- Member States of the Community may issue coins subject to approval of the European Central Bank as to volume.
- He wants our national security decisions subject to the approval of a foreign government.
- It is also subject to environmental approval and the negotiation of a satisfactory dredging contract.
- The committee voted to approve the plans subject to a legal occupancy agreement being drawn up.
- A report to the authority, which meets on Tuesday, recommends approval of some of the plans subject to some design changes.
Synonyms
conditional on, contingent on, dependent on, depending on, controlled by
3Under the authority of.
legislation making Congress subject to the laws it passes
Example sentencesExamples
- If there was no reason at all for the choice, then we have found something that is not subject to the laws of Nature.
- Once voted down, a new rule on the same subject needs authorization by an act of Congress.
- Banks falling under the securities laws are obviously subject to both banking and securities regulation.
- In fact, the airport is not subject to the same laws of the land as the rest of us.
- Gentile believers during Acts were not subject to the law.
- He is God, and therefore not subject to the laws and limitations which he has imposed upon us as our sovereign.
- It seems that there is some force at work that is not completely subject to the usual laws of nature or of averages.
- This is because decisions that concern matters of policy are not subject to a common law duty of care.
Synonyms
bound by, constrained by, answerable to, accountable to, liable to, under the control of, at the mercy of
1. 3.1attributive Under the control or domination of another ruler, country, or government.
  the Greeks were the first subject people to break free from Ottoman rule
  Example sentencesExamples
  First, there may be a change of mind or a regime change on behalf of the subject country.
  If he is not supported by his own side and if he is then subject to a coup from within fairly rapidly, then we will avoid that scenario.
  The Confessionalization offered the state greater control over the subject population.
  England has always dominated the United Kingdom, although its position has not been that of a colonial power over subject nations.
  This elite had no formal place in the fifteenth century constitutions and was therefore not subject to direct control.
  They had to build castles - strong points from which a few men could dominate a subject population.
  For aliens of enemy origin, the imperialist understanding of political subject status meant two things.
  Bitterness at Aztec rule grew ever more intense among the subject peoples and classes.

adverbˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt

subject to

Conditionally upon.
subject to bankruptcy court approval, the company expects to begin liquidation of its inventory

verbsəbˈjektsəbˈdʒɛkt

[with object]

1subject someone/something toCause or force to undergo (a particular experience of form of treatment)
he'd subjected her to a terrifying ordeal
Example sentencesExamples
- She also said he subjected her to mental cruelty and caused her to go bankrupt.
- He served first on a ship then in an artillery workshop but he found his fellow soldiers very difficult as they subjected him to cruelty.
- Having no history, we cannot subject their deceptions to the scrutiny of experience, cannot judge their words by the truth of similar words uttered to us in the past.
- A city court today sentenced an executive of a private company and his parents to life imprisonment for causing the death of his wife after subjecting her to extreme cruelty due to dowry demands.
- Traffic between the dishes was then cut off, and the colony was subjected to one of three treatments.
- The researchers placed the crystal-coated phages on a silicon surface and subjected them to a heat treatment that killed off the virus while fusing the crystals into a semi-conducting nanowire.
- ‘They claim to be against cruelty to animals but they are quite happy to subject human beings to mental cruelty,’ he told the paper.
- Better to leave Brown as a name and a picture on a dust jacket than to subject someone to this version of her story.
- I can think of only two reasons to subject travelers to such treatment.
- ‘If you subject someone to regular colon cleansing, you disrupt the colon's normal function,’ he explains.
- It made it an offence to try to force someone to reveal a spent conviction, or to subject someone to unlawful discrimination.
- But again it would be inappropriate and unethical to use a placebo when the consequences of doing so would subject someone to the risk of serious or irreversible harm.
- Curiously, there does not seem to be any footage of the select committee subjecting Alastair Campbell to equivalent treatment.
- After producing the knife he subjected them to a terrifying experience during which he made them hand over their valuables, blindfolded them, tied them up and raped them.
- It's quite another to subject hundreds to that treatment because you've invented such poor mechanisms for screening.
- He told Mr Justice Collins: ‘It is inhumane to subject someone to that sort of destitution.’
- The idea of having his child did not frighten me as much as the thought of myself being forced to marry him or subject a child to his treatment.
- Furthermore the portrayal of explicit sex without violence, but which subjects people to treatment that is degrading or dehumanizing, would also be obscene if it causes harm.
- You subjected them to a terrifying experience.
- Hospital admission can be a traumatizing event for patients and subjects them to the inevitable treatment errors that occur in this setting.
Synonyms
put through, treat with
2Bring (a person or country) under one's control or jurisdiction, typically by using force.
Example sentencesExamples
- Moreover, the Malaysian judiciary has been subjected to close political control since independence in 1957.
- Once they regained consciousness, they were subjected to same brutal torture.
- His appeal to citizenship rights would be subjected to the jurisdiction of the national laws in whatever state he was residing.
- In other words, the major German firms were subjected to tight political supervision and control but were still left at least nominally in private ownership.

Origin

Middle English (in the sense ‘(person) owing obedience’): from Old French suget, from Latin subjectus ‘brought under’, past participle of subicere, from sub- ‘under’ + jacere ‘throw’. Senses relating to philosophy, logic, and grammar are derived ultimately from Aristotle's use of to hupokeimenon meaning ‘material from which things are made’ and ‘subject of attributes and predicates’.

单词	subject
释义	Definition of subject in English: subject noun ˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsəbdʒɛkt 1A person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. I've said all there is to be said on the subject he's the subject of a major new biography Example sentencesExamples He wrote five works on the subject, the most important of which is one on inference. But too often he speaks his mind on subjects best left alone, and he will undoubtedly upset someone, somewhere. Find something that you think would make a good subject and submit a proposal. When I went to the library to see if there was anything on the subject there was very little. They do this because they think one should discuss questions about goodness, justice and expediency in this place which was founded by the man who made all these subjects his business. They have a guest speaker at their monthly meetings, dealing with subjects diverse and interesting. Since all three of these surfaces have been subjects of projects for me, I could not resist the temptation to illustrate The Proof of Archytas. Most mathematicians study the subject because they develop such a deep love of the topic. Rowlands tried but failed to secure an emergency parliamentary statement on the subject. Columella was a Roman soldier and farmer who wrote extensively on agriculture and similar subjects, hoping to foster in people a love for farming and a liking for the simple life. Another indication may be whether I am asked to speak about a subject that involves this statement. It seems clear from the responses that we prefer to put to the backs of our minds unpalatable subjects such as injury, death, being left without a partner or our children being orphaned. The Musical Times is a quarterly journal that considers for publication articles on a wide variety of musical subjects. We welcome proposals suggesting new subjects for review essays, both within and across disciplines. Indeed, throughout the book there is the recurrent suggestion that a grand connection between the two subjects will be revealed. Mr Smith should present reasoned arguments, not use broad sweeping statements about subjects which it seems he does not fully understand. Despite some bold statements, the subject always came back to science. With that as his last statement on the subject, suddenly, he too was racing out the door. Anything written on the subject is now a look back at a historical event. In the beginning, conditions in the camp were tolerable and some prisoners, being specialists in certain fields, would entertain themselves by lecturing to others on diverse subjects. Synonyms theme, subject matter, topic, issue, question, concern, text, thesis, content, point, motif, thread substance, essence, gist, matter 1.1 A person or circumstance giving rise to a specified feeling, response, or action. the incident was the subject of international condemnation Example sentencesExamples The guided part of the project is the subject of a public inquiry which started this week. Norway's polar bear population will be the subject of a census this year. Its original plans were thrown out by the city council and are the subject of a forthcoming public inquiry. Shops along the southern side of Union Street also need to be spruced up but are now the subject of intensive public debate. By January of this year the issue of the aluminum tubes had already become a subject of intense public debate. Smith was made the subject of a community rehabilitation order for two years. From our responses, the subject of shirt sponsorship is a sensitive one for United fans. Whether the bill ought to be made the subject of public comment and consultation before its passage in Parliament? This all seems to be in response to the subject of human rights and the inclusion of sexual orientation in the bill. There was a punter somewhere in Britain whose name I forget but whose strange activities were the subject of some publicity many years ago. The judge said Parker, who was the subject of a community rehabilitation order, seemed to be responding well and wanted to encourage him. But it must be confirmed by the full council and must be the subject of public submissions before being imposed. Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, is not generally the subject of short-term speculation. Why obscure a news photo taken in a public place about a subject of national concern? Traditionally, this sort of thing has never been a subject of public concern in Britain. The defendant had once been made the subject of a community penalty and did well. This appeal is now due to be the subject of a new public inquiry into whether the 1965 consent is valid. He has said he wants to find out about the difficulties which have been the subject of much public debate in recent months. Instead, we will turn to some of the issues generated by the subject of authenticity. The issue of gated communities has been a subject of intense public debate and litigation in recent months. 1.2 A person who is the focus of scientific or medical attention or experiment. subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire Example sentencesExamples Our medical researchers are in desperate need of real, human subjects to experiment with cures, as they have been unfairly restricted to the use of white rats. Asthma was documented by the subject's medical history and by physician diagnosis. None of the control subjects were taking prescription medications, and all had normal spirometry. Beecher, himself a physician, detailed the routine abuses of human research subjects in medical experiments. Our methodology could be used to address this question and to identify those attributes that are common predictors of quality for different medical subjects. Things get problematic when you confuse the test result with the subject. This was measured by responses to binary forced choice questions (yes or no) asking if the subjects would take the proposed action. Once their clinical training begins medical students are subject to high levels of stress, and some do not respond well. Davies is also keen on another idea: getting the subjects of medical research, the patients, more involved. This is a condition in which subjects have had a portion of their primary visual cortex destroyed, and apparently become blind in a region of their visual field as a result. Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results. Perhaps the greatest surprise in the study was the huge disparity between how the subjects performed in the real life situations and their results on the test. None of the subjects acknowledged using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs. Just as every article has a list of authors, every research study should include a statement regarding human subjects. The proposed study subjects would be twenty victims of violent assault who have been given diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder. The crucial difference between the two series is that, although they both set out to explain human development, only the television series projects scientific theory onto real subjects. In these experiments, test subjects with maladies ranging from severe brain trauma to bipolar disorder undergo a battery of visual tests. This would have enhanced slightly the observed difference in D between the healthy subjects and the emphysema patients. The subjects, from Medicare lists, were followed for 5 years to look for new heart attacks, angina, heart failure or stroke. Several subjects produced diagnosis cards and follow-up notes from medical clinics. Synonyms participant, volunteer case, client, patient informal guinea pig 1.3Logic The part of a proposition about which a statement is made. Example sentencesExamples It is the medium in which objects and subjects actually come into existence, and is the medium in which their virtuality resides. This book is an introduction to logic, as contemporary logicians now understand the subject. 1.4Music A theme of a fugue or of a piece in sonata form; a leading phrase or motif. the chorale-like second subject of the Scherzo Example sentencesExamples Indeed, the fugue's subject is almost a twin to the opening theme of Flos campi. Schumann often worries his musical subjects beyond their deadline. When changing from the lighter Handel subjects to the deep tragedy of Haydn, immediately his mannerism changed and so did the mood of the audience. A second subject is more lyrical, but the first is never far away and is used to conclude the movement. At the premiere Handel gave an organ extemporisation on the fugal subject taken up by the choir. 2A branch of knowledge studied or taught in a school, college, or university. maths is not my best subject Example sentencesExamples The standing of the teaching profession is such that those leaving schools with high performances in science and technology related subjects do not choose teaching as a career. Academic freedom is not to be completely free to decide what subjects to teach, or even what material to cover, but free to write and express new ideas. Besides content, the manner in which subjects are taught has differential effects on the children of those in dominant and subordinate positions. Immersion programs, in which some or all academic subjects are taught in the foreign language, are content based. He was principal of Granville High School and taught a variety of subjects in Ohio public schools. The National Curriculum, stipulating subjects to be studied until the age of 16, is also introduced. It is there that subjects are taught in Gaelic, the only college in Scotland where this happens. I was taught all the regular subjects, algebra and trigonometry, English and classical literature, history and current events. So from that we can conclude that girls have more knowledge about the subjects which are examined in today's society than boys. They bought a cottage on the main street and converted it into a shop called Reading Glasses which specializes in women's studies and social sciences, the subjects she used to teach. He is now attached to a primary school, even though he is qualified to teach politics and other subjects in middle schools. It is important for young people to have training opportunities, but the place for teaching these subjects is at college. Why can English and maths not be taught within subjects like history and geography rather than separately? They gain knowledge of subjects in which they are and are not interested. The names of the high school and college subjects in this story have been changed for the sake of privacy. Physical Education lessons are part of the National Curriculum and therefore the subject is taught in schools up and down the country. Mr. Burke is quick to caution that no education is free of cultural bias, even if the subject being taught is physics or biology. Even kindergartens teach kids advanced subjects such as math, English and Chinese characters. On the other hand, districts have used shortages to rationalize the employment of people who have not studied and do nor know the subjects they will teach. He realised that a writer had to widen his mind when he encountered cartoonist Madan's multifaceted knowledge of subjects from anthropology to psychology. Synonyms branch of knowledge, branch of study, course of study, course, discipline, field, area, specialism, speciality, specialty 3A member of a state other than its ruler, especially one owing allegiance to a monarch or other supreme ruler. the legislation is applicable only to British subjects Example sentencesExamples The traditional ruler explained that his subjects had vowed to vote for any of the opposition parties that may adopt candidates from the local people living in Chilubi. She argues that the identification of subjects as tribe members or peasants reflects very different terms of access to resources in the eyes of the state. These answers are interchangeable and, what is more important, absolve both rulers and subjects from facing reality and taking responsibility. After all, in opening the gallery in 1962, she had been the first British monarch to let her subjects give the family silverware to the Antiques Roadshow once-over. The highest duty of a ruler is to protect his subjects; the ruler who enjoys the rewards of his position is bound to that duty. In saltana, there are no citizens, only subjects, while the ruler is unaccountable except to God. The relationship that the population of Northern Ireland - elites and ordinary people - have to the peace process is like that of subjects to a monarch. They were primarily to secure the allegiance of their subject, with most barons providing military service. According to the Islamic Treatise on Holy Law, the ruler comes to power by an agreement between the ruler and his subjects. An increasing number of subjects felt that members of the royal family wished to be ordinary people when it suited them, royal when it did not. Rather, diverse theories have been employed to explain why rulers and subjects think and act as they do and how their thoughts and actions shape the course of politics. These historians believe that the Taj Mahal symbolizes the tyranny of a powerful ruler exploiting his subjects and flaunting his magnificence to the world. The priests were said to use the sacraments to make the Queen's subjects switch their allegiance to the King of Spain. The very nature of this prohibition makes it ideally adapted to produce direct effects in the legal relationship between Member States and their subjects. Rulers are above their subjects, at a distance, and not fully observed. The gulf between the union's rulers and their subjects is now unbridgeable. He was most tolerant of all Mughal rulers and let his subjects practice their faiths without any fear of persecution. The films shared a common theme: the princess-turned-stunt-woman must conquer evil power in the kingdom and set free good subjects and rulers. The strange case of Duleep Singh, Victoria's favorite Maharaja: a ruler without any subjects. They had suffered severe persecution since 1570, when the Pope had excommunicated Elizabeth, releasing her subjects from their allegiance to her. Synonyms citizen, national, native, resident, inhabitant taxpayer, voter liege, liegeman, vassal, subordinate, underling henchman, retainer, follower 4Grammar A noun or noun phrase functioning as one of the main components of a clause, being the element about which the rest of the clause is predicated. Example sentencesExamples Government is an extension of the traditional term whereby a verb governs its object, but for Chomsky prepositions may govern and subjects may be governed. An incidental point: once we have accusative subjects, the third-person singular verb form comes in here comes me is just what we'd expect. Two of the subjects produced target language variants of the two structures more consistently after pronoun subjects than after subjects containing a noun. There are verbs taking a subject and two objects and a subordinate clause. This style is formal, favouring noun clauses as subjects and objects, and often postponing the main verb, or distancing it from the subject. 5Philosophy A thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind. Example sentencesExamples In the philosophy of consciousness a subject has over against it a world of objects. Object in his parlance means something met with in experience, or in the subject's consciousness. In the latter case some go as far as speaking unhesitatingly of the mind as a subject - or a self, ego, or even a soul. 5.1 The central substance or core of a thing as opposed to its attributes. adjective ˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsəbdʒɛkt 1Likely or prone to be affected by (a particular condition or occurrence, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one) he was subject to bouts of manic depression Synonyms susceptible to, liable to, prone to, vulnerable to, predisposed to, disposed to, apt/likely to suffer from, easily affected by, in danger of, at risk of, open to, wide open to rare susceptive of 2Dependent or conditional upon. the proposed merger is subject to the approval of the shareholders Example sentencesExamples The Labour group has agreed in principle to the proposals, subject to certain conditions. He wants our national security decisions subject to the approval of a foreign government. The committee voted to approve the plans subject to a legal occupancy agreement being drawn up. A report to the authority, which meets on Tuesday, recommends approval of some of the plans subject to some design changes. It is also subject to environmental approval and the negotiation of a satisfactory dredging contract. Member States of the Community may issue coins subject to approval of the European Central Bank as to volume. Banks will have the freedom to charge PLR or sub-PLR rates subject to approval of their boards. Synonyms conditional on, contingent on, dependent on, depending on, controlled by hingeing on, resting on, hanging on 3Under the authority of. ministers are subject to the laws of the land Example sentencesExamples Banks falling under the securities laws are obviously subject to both banking and securities regulation. Once voted down, a new rule on the same subject needs authorization by an act of Congress. In fact, the airport is not subject to the same laws of the land as the rest of us. It seems that there is some force at work that is not completely subject to the usual laws of nature or of averages. If there was no reason at all for the choice, then we have found something that is not subject to the laws of Nature. He is God, and therefore not subject to the laws and limitations which he has imposed upon us as our sovereign. This is because decisions that concern matters of policy are not subject to a common law duty of care. Gentile believers during Acts were not subject to the law. Synonyms bound by, constrained by, answerable to, accountable to, liable to, under the control of, at the mercy of 3.1attributive Under the control or domination of another ruler, country, or government. the Greeks were the first subject people to break free from Ottoman rule Example sentencesExamples Bitterness at Aztec rule grew ever more intense among the subject peoples and classes. This elite had no formal place in the fifteenth century constitutions and was therefore not subject to direct control. The Confessionalization offered the state greater control over the subject population. England has always dominated the United Kingdom, although its position has not been that of a colonial power over subject nations. If he is not supported by his own side and if he is then subject to a coup from within fairly rapidly, then we will avoid that scenario. They had to build castles - strong points from which a few men could dominate a subject population. First, there may be a change of mind or a regime change on behalf of the subject country. For aliens of enemy origin, the imperialist understanding of political subject status meant two things. adverb ˈsʌbdʒɛktˈsʌbdʒɪktˈsəbdʒɛkt subject to Conditionally upon. subject to the EC's agreement, we intend to set up an enterprise zone in the area verb səbˈdʒɛktsəbˈdʒɛkt [with object] 1subject someone/something toCause or force someone or something to undergo (a particular experience or form of treatment, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one) he'd subjected her to a terrifying ordeal Example sentencesExamples Having no history, we cannot subject their deceptions to the scrutiny of experience, cannot judge their words by the truth of similar words uttered to us in the past. But again it would be inappropriate and unethical to use a placebo when the consequences of doing so would subject someone to the risk of serious or irreversible harm. It's quite another to subject hundreds to that treatment because you've invented such poor mechanisms for screening. It made it an offence to try to force someone to reveal a spent conviction, or to subject someone to unlawful discrimination. Better to leave Brown as a name and a picture on a dust jacket than to subject someone to this version of her story. Curiously, there does not seem to be any footage of the select committee subjecting Alastair Campbell to equivalent treatment. A city court today sentenced an executive of a private company and his parents to life imprisonment for causing the death of his wife after subjecting her to extreme cruelty due to dowry demands. The idea of having his child did not frighten me as much as the thought of myself being forced to marry him or subject a child to his treatment. She also said he subjected her to mental cruelty and caused her to go bankrupt. Furthermore the portrayal of explicit sex without violence, but which subjects people to treatment that is degrading or dehumanizing, would also be obscene if it causes harm. The researchers placed the crystal-coated phages on a silicon surface and subjected them to a heat treatment that killed off the virus while fusing the crystals into a semi-conducting nanowire. ‘They claim to be against cruelty to animals but they are quite happy to subject human beings to mental cruelty,’ he told the paper. Hospital admission can be a traumatizing event for patients and subjects them to the inevitable treatment errors that occur in this setting. ‘If you subject someone to regular colon cleansing, you disrupt the colon's normal function,’ he explains. After producing the knife he subjected them to a terrifying experience during which he made them hand over their valuables, blindfolded them, tied them up and raped them. You subjected them to a terrifying experience. I can think of only two reasons to subject travelers to such treatment. He told Mr Justice Collins: ‘It is inhumane to subject someone to that sort of destitution.’ Traffic between the dishes was then cut off, and the colony was subjected to one of three treatments. He served first on a ship then in an artillery workshop but he found his fellow soldiers very difficult as they subjected him to cruelty. Synonyms put through, treat with expose to, lay open to, submit to 2Bring (a person or country) under one's control or jurisdiction, typically by using force. the city had been subjected to Macedonian rule Example sentencesExamples Moreover, the Malaysian judiciary has been subjected to close political control since independence in 1957. Once they regained consciousness, they were subjected to same brutal torture. In other words, the major German firms were subjected to tight political supervision and control but were still left at least nominally in private ownership. His appeal to citizenship rights would be subjected to the jurisdiction of the national laws in whatever state he was residing. Derivatives subjectless adjective ˈsəbdʒɛktləsˈsəbdʒək(t)ləs We might add that this subjectless experience is what can only be called ‘transcendental’. Example sentencesExamples The word "sorry" can be used with a preposition phrase headed by for where the preposition has as its complement a subjectless gerund-participial clause or a noun phrase denoting an act. Thus Brentano's theory draws a sharp line between judgement and predication in recognizing judgements with a non-predicational content and in taking subjectless sentences at face value. A few newspapers do use subjectless tensed headlines - I've seen it in the Chicago area - but most do not. The interpretation of Dutch art had been strongly conditioned by Eugene Fromentin's famous view of this painting as essentially subjectless. Origin Middle English (in the sense '(person) owing obedience'): from Old French suget, from Latin subjectus 'brought under', past participle of subicere, from sub- 'under' + jacere 'throw'. Senses relating to philosophy, logic, and grammar are derived ultimately from Aristotle's use of to hupokeimenon meaning 'material from which things are made' and 'subject of attributes and predicates'. jet from late 16th century: The name jet for a hard black semi-precious mineral comes ultimately from the Greek word gagatēs ‘from Gagai’, a town in Asia Minor. When we refer to a jet of water or gas, or a jet aircraft, we are using a quite different word. It comes from a late 16th-century verb meaning ‘to jut out’, from French jeter ‘to throw’, which goes back to the Latin jacere ‘to throw’. Jut (mid 16th century) is a variant of jet in this sense. Jacere is found in a large number of English words including abject (Late Middle English) literally ‘thrown away’; conjecture (Late Middle English) ‘throw together’; deject (Late Middle English) ‘thrown down’; ejaculate (late 16th century) from jaculum ‘dart, something thrown’; eject (Late Middle English) ‘throw out’; inject (late 16th century) ‘throw in’; jetty (Late Middle English) something thrown out into the water; project (Late Middle English) ‘throw forth’; subject (Middle English) ‘thrown under’; trajectory (late 17th century) ‘something thrown across’. Especially if you use budget airlines, air travel today is far from glamorous, but in the 1950s the idea of flying abroad by jet aircraft was new and sophisticated. At the start of that decade people who flew for pleasure came to be known as the jet set. Rhymes affect, bisect, bull-necked, collect, confect, connect, correct, defect, deflect, deject, detect, direct, effect, eject, elect, erect, expect, infect, inflect, inject, inspect, interconnect, interject, intersect, misdirect, neglect, object, perfect, project, prospect, protect, reflect, reject, respect, resurrect, sect, select, suspect, transect, unchecked, Utrecht Definition of subject in US English: subject nounˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt 1A person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. I've said all there is to be said on the subject he's the subject of a major new biography Example sentencesExamples Since all three of these surfaces have been subjects of projects for me, I could not resist the temptation to illustrate The Proof of Archytas. They do this because they think one should discuss questions about goodness, justice and expediency in this place which was founded by the man who made all these subjects his business. Columella was a Roman soldier and farmer who wrote extensively on agriculture and similar subjects, hoping to foster in people a love for farming and a liking for the simple life. Most mathematicians study the subject because they develop such a deep love of the topic. Mr Smith should present reasoned arguments, not use broad sweeping statements about subjects which it seems he does not fully understand. But too often he speaks his mind on subjects best left alone, and he will undoubtedly upset someone, somewhere. Find something that you think would make a good subject and submit a proposal. Another indication may be whether I am asked to speak about a subject that involves this statement. Anything written on the subject is now a look back at a historical event. The Musical Times is a quarterly journal that considers for publication articles on a wide variety of musical subjects. It seems clear from the responses that we prefer to put to the backs of our minds unpalatable subjects such as injury, death, being left without a partner or our children being orphaned. He wrote five works on the subject, the most important of which is one on inference. They have a guest speaker at their monthly meetings, dealing with subjects diverse and interesting. In the beginning, conditions in the camp were tolerable and some prisoners, being specialists in certain fields, would entertain themselves by lecturing to others on diverse subjects. With that as his last statement on the subject, suddenly, he too was racing out the door. Despite some bold statements, the subject always came back to science. We welcome proposals suggesting new subjects for review essays, both within and across disciplines. When I went to the library to see if there was anything on the subject there was very little. Rowlands tried but failed to secure an emergency parliamentary statement on the subject. Indeed, throughout the book there is the recurrent suggestion that a grand connection between the two subjects will be revealed. Synonyms theme, subject matter, topic, issue, question, concern, text, thesis, content, point, motif, thread 1.1 A person or circumstance giving rise to a specified feeling, response, or action. the incident was the subject of international condemnation Example sentencesExamples The judge said Parker, who was the subject of a community rehabilitation order, seemed to be responding well and wanted to encourage him. The defendant had once been made the subject of a community penalty and did well. Shops along the southern side of Union Street also need to be spruced up but are now the subject of intensive public debate. The guided part of the project is the subject of a public inquiry which started this week. Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, is not generally the subject of short-term speculation. Why obscure a news photo taken in a public place about a subject of national concern? Traditionally, this sort of thing has never been a subject of public concern in Britain. This appeal is now due to be the subject of a new public inquiry into whether the 1965 consent is valid. By January of this year the issue of the aluminum tubes had already become a subject of intense public debate. He has said he wants to find out about the difficulties which have been the subject of much public debate in recent months. There was a punter somewhere in Britain whose name I forget but whose strange activities were the subject of some publicity many years ago. Its original plans were thrown out by the city council and are the subject of a forthcoming public inquiry. Whether the bill ought to be made the subject of public comment and consultation before its passage in Parliament? From our responses, the subject of shirt sponsorship is a sensitive one for United fans. But it must be confirmed by the full council and must be the subject of public submissions before being imposed. This all seems to be in response to the subject of human rights and the inclusion of sexual orientation in the bill. Norway's polar bear population will be the subject of a census this year. The issue of gated communities has been a subject of intense public debate and litigation in recent months. Smith was made the subject of a community rehabilitation order for two years. Instead, we will turn to some of the issues generated by the subject of authenticity. 1.2 A person who is the focus of scientific or medical attention or experiment. Example sentencesExamples Our methodology could be used to address this question and to identify those attributes that are common predictors of quality for different medical subjects. The crucial difference between the two series is that, although they both set out to explain human development, only the television series projects scientific theory onto real subjects. Perhaps the greatest surprise in the study was the huge disparity between how the subjects performed in the real life situations and their results on the test. Once their clinical training begins medical students are subject to high levels of stress, and some do not respond well. Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results. In these experiments, test subjects with maladies ranging from severe brain trauma to bipolar disorder undergo a battery of visual tests. Our medical researchers are in desperate need of real, human subjects to experiment with cures, as they have been unfairly restricted to the use of white rats. Davies is also keen on another idea: getting the subjects of medical research, the patients, more involved. The subjects, from Medicare lists, were followed for 5 years to look for new heart attacks, angina, heart failure or stroke. Asthma was documented by the subject's medical history and by physician diagnosis. The proposed study subjects would be twenty victims of violent assault who have been given diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder. This is a condition in which subjects have had a portion of their primary visual cortex destroyed, and apparently become blind in a region of their visual field as a result. This was measured by responses to binary forced choice questions (yes or no) asking if the subjects would take the proposed action. Things get problematic when you confuse the test result with the subject. This would have enhanced slightly the observed difference in D between the healthy subjects and the emphysema patients. None of the control subjects were taking prescription medications, and all had normal spirometry. Just as every article has a list of authors, every research study should include a statement regarding human subjects. Several subjects produced diagnosis cards and follow-up notes from medical clinics. Beecher, himself a physician, detailed the routine abuses of human research subjects in medical experiments. None of the subjects acknowledged using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs. Synonyms participant, volunteer 1.3Logic The part of a proposition about which a statement is made. Example sentencesExamples This book is an introduction to logic, as contemporary logicians now understand the subject. It is the medium in which objects and subjects actually come into existence, and is the medium in which their virtuality resides. 1.4Music A theme of a fugue or of a piece in sonata form; a leading phrase or motif. Example sentencesExamples Indeed, the fugue's subject is almost a twin to the opening theme of Flos campi. Schumann often worries his musical subjects beyond their deadline. A second subject is more lyrical, but the first is never far away and is used to conclude the movement. When changing from the lighter Handel subjects to the deep tragedy of Haydn, immediately his mannerism changed and so did the mood of the audience. At the premiere Handel gave an organ extemporisation on the fugal subject taken up by the choir. 2A branch of knowledge studied or taught in a school, college, or university. Example sentencesExamples Even kindergartens teach kids advanced subjects such as math, English and Chinese characters. Mr. Burke is quick to caution that no education is free of cultural bias, even if the subject being taught is physics or biology. The National Curriculum, stipulating subjects to be studied until the age of 16, is also introduced. I was taught all the regular subjects, algebra and trigonometry, English and classical literature, history and current events. Besides content, the manner in which subjects are taught has differential effects on the children of those in dominant and subordinate positions. Immersion programs, in which some or all academic subjects are taught in the foreign language, are content based. Physical Education lessons are part of the National Curriculum and therefore the subject is taught in schools up and down the country. It is important for young people to have training opportunities, but the place for teaching these subjects is at college. The names of the high school and college subjects in this story have been changed for the sake of privacy. Academic freedom is not to be completely free to decide what subjects to teach, or even what material to cover, but free to write and express new ideas. They bought a cottage on the main street and converted it into a shop called Reading Glasses which specializes in women's studies and social sciences, the subjects she used to teach. He was principal of Granville High School and taught a variety of subjects in Ohio public schools. So from that we can conclude that girls have more knowledge about the subjects which are examined in today's society than boys. He realised that a writer had to widen his mind when he encountered cartoonist Madan's multifaceted knowledge of subjects from anthropology to psychology. On the other hand, districts have used shortages to rationalize the employment of people who have not studied and do nor know the subjects they will teach. They gain knowledge of subjects in which they are and are not interested. The standing of the teaching profession is such that those leaving schools with high performances in science and technology related subjects do not choose teaching as a career. Why can English and maths not be taught within subjects like history and geography rather than separately? He is now attached to a primary school, even though he is qualified to teach politics and other subjects in middle schools. It is there that subjects are taught in Gaelic, the only college in Scotland where this happens. Synonyms branch of knowledge, branch of study, course of study, course, discipline, field, area, specialism, speciality, specialty 3A citizen or member of a state other than its supreme ruler. Example sentencesExamples The relationship that the population of Northern Ireland - elites and ordinary people - have to the peace process is like that of subjects to a monarch. Rulers are above their subjects, at a distance, and not fully observed. The highest duty of a ruler is to protect his subjects; the ruler who enjoys the rewards of his position is bound to that duty. An increasing number of subjects felt that members of the royal family wished to be ordinary people when it suited them, royal when it did not. The priests were said to use the sacraments to make the Queen's subjects switch their allegiance to the King of Spain. They were primarily to secure the allegiance of their subject, with most barons providing military service. He was most tolerant of all Mughal rulers and let his subjects practice their faiths without any fear of persecution. According to the Islamic Treatise on Holy Law, the ruler comes to power by an agreement between the ruler and his subjects. The films shared a common theme: the princess-turned-stunt-woman must conquer evil power in the kingdom and set free good subjects and rulers. In saltana, there are no citizens, only subjects, while the ruler is unaccountable except to God. These historians believe that the Taj Mahal symbolizes the tyranny of a powerful ruler exploiting his subjects and flaunting his magnificence to the world. They had suffered severe persecution since 1570, when the Pope had excommunicated Elizabeth, releasing her subjects from their allegiance to her. These answers are interchangeable and, what is more important, absolve both rulers and subjects from facing reality and taking responsibility. After all, in opening the gallery in 1962, she had been the first British monarch to let her subjects give the family silverware to the Antiques Roadshow once-over. The very nature of this prohibition makes it ideally adapted to produce direct effects in the legal relationship between Member States and their subjects. The traditional ruler explained that his subjects had vowed to vote for any of the opposition parties that may adopt candidates from the local people living in Chilubi. The gulf between the union's rulers and their subjects is now unbridgeable. She argues that the identification of subjects as tribe members or peasants reflects very different terms of access to resources in the eyes of the state. Rather, diverse theories have been employed to explain why rulers and subjects think and act as they do and how their thoughts and actions shape the course of politics. The strange case of Duleep Singh, Victoria's favorite Maharaja: a ruler without any subjects. Synonyms citizen, national, native, resident, inhabitant liege, liegeman, vassal, subordinate, underling 4Grammar A noun phrase functioning as one of the main components of a clause, being the element about which the rest of the clause is predicated. Example sentencesExamples This style is formal, favouring noun clauses as subjects and objects, and often postponing the main verb, or distancing it from the subject. An incidental point: once we have accusative subjects, the third-person singular verb form comes in here comes me is just what we'd expect. There are verbs taking a subject and two objects and a subordinate clause. Two of the subjects produced target language variants of the two structures more consistently after pronoun subjects than after subjects containing a noun. Government is an extension of the traditional term whereby a verb governs its object, but for Chomsky prepositions may govern and subjects may be governed. 5Philosophy A thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind. Example sentencesExamples In the philosophy of consciousness a subject has over against it a world of objects. Object in his parlance means something met with in experience, or in the subject's consciousness. In the latter case some go as far as speaking unhesitatingly of the mind as a subject - or a self, ego, or even a soul. 5.1 The central substance or core of a thing as opposed to its attributes. adjectiveˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt 1Likely or prone to be affected by (a particular condition or occurrence, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one) he was subject to bouts of manic depression Synonyms susceptible to, liable to, prone to, vulnerable to, predisposed to, disposed to, apt to suffer from, likely to suffer from, easily affected by, in danger of, at risk of, open to, wide open to 2Dependent or conditional upon. the proposed merger is subject to the approval of the shareholders Example sentencesExamples The Labour group has agreed in principle to the proposals, subject to certain conditions. Banks will have the freedom to charge PLR or sub-PLR rates subject to approval of their boards. Member States of the Community may issue coins subject to approval of the European Central Bank as to volume. He wants our national security decisions subject to the approval of a foreign government. It is also subject to environmental approval and the negotiation of a satisfactory dredging contract. The committee voted to approve the plans subject to a legal occupancy agreement being drawn up. A report to the authority, which meets on Tuesday, recommends approval of some of the plans subject to some design changes. Synonyms conditional on, contingent on, dependent on, depending on, controlled by 3Under the authority of. legislation making Congress subject to the laws it passes Example sentencesExamples If there was no reason at all for the choice, then we have found something that is not subject to the laws of Nature. Once voted down, a new rule on the same subject needs authorization by an act of Congress. Banks falling under the securities laws are obviously subject to both banking and securities regulation. In fact, the airport is not subject to the same laws of the land as the rest of us. Gentile believers during Acts were not subject to the law. He is God, and therefore not subject to the laws and limitations which he has imposed upon us as our sovereign. It seems that there is some force at work that is not completely subject to the usual laws of nature or of averages. This is because decisions that concern matters of policy are not subject to a common law duty of care. Synonyms bound by, constrained by, answerable to, accountable to, liable to, under the control of, at the mercy of 3.1attributive Under the control or domination of another ruler, country, or government. the Greeks were the first subject people to break free from Ottoman rule Example sentencesExamples First, there may be a change of mind or a regime change on behalf of the subject country. If he is not supported by his own side and if he is then subject to a coup from within fairly rapidly, then we will avoid that scenario. The Confessionalization offered the state greater control over the subject population. England has always dominated the United Kingdom, although its position has not been that of a colonial power over subject nations. This elite had no formal place in the fifteenth century constitutions and was therefore not subject to direct control. They had to build castles - strong points from which a few men could dominate a subject population. For aliens of enemy origin, the imperialist understanding of political subject status meant two things. Bitterness at Aztec rule grew ever more intense among the subject peoples and classes. adverbˈsəbdʒɛktˈsəbjekt subject to Conditionally upon. subject to bankruptcy court approval, the company expects to begin liquidation of its inventory verbsəbˈjektsəbˈdʒɛkt [with object] 1subject someone/something toCause or force to undergo (a particular experience of form of treatment) he'd subjected her to a terrifying ordeal Example sentencesExamples She also said he subjected her to mental cruelty and caused her to go bankrupt. He served first on a ship then in an artillery workshop but he found his fellow soldiers very difficult as they subjected him to cruelty. Having no history, we cannot subject their deceptions to the scrutiny of experience, cannot judge their words by the truth of similar words uttered to us in the past. A city court today sentenced an executive of a private company and his parents to life imprisonment for causing the death of his wife after subjecting her to extreme cruelty due to dowry demands. Traffic between the dishes was then cut off, and the colony was subjected to one of three treatments. The researchers placed the crystal-coated phages on a silicon surface and subjected them to a heat treatment that killed off the virus while fusing the crystals into a semi-conducting nanowire. ‘They claim to be against cruelty to animals but they are quite happy to subject human beings to mental cruelty,’ he told the paper. Better to leave Brown as a name and a picture on a dust jacket than to subject someone to this version of her story. I can think of only two reasons to subject travelers to such treatment. ‘If you subject someone to regular colon cleansing, you disrupt the colon's normal function,’ he explains. It made it an offence to try to force someone to reveal a spent conviction, or to subject someone to unlawful discrimination. But again it would be inappropriate and unethical to use a placebo when the consequences of doing so would subject someone to the risk of serious or irreversible harm. Curiously, there does not seem to be any footage of the select committee subjecting Alastair Campbell to equivalent treatment. After producing the knife he subjected them to a terrifying experience during which he made them hand over their valuables, blindfolded them, tied them up and raped them. It's quite another to subject hundreds to that treatment because you've invented such poor mechanisms for screening. He told Mr Justice Collins: ‘It is inhumane to subject someone to that sort of destitution.’ The idea of having his child did not frighten me as much as the thought of myself being forced to marry him or subject a child to his treatment. Furthermore the portrayal of explicit sex without violence, but which subjects people to treatment that is degrading or dehumanizing, would also be obscene if it causes harm. You subjected them to a terrifying experience. Hospital admission can be a traumatizing event for patients and subjects them to the inevitable treatment errors that occur in this setting. Synonyms put through, treat with 2Bring (a person or country) under one's control or jurisdiction, typically by using force. Example sentencesExamples Moreover, the Malaysian judiciary has been subjected to close political control since independence in 1957. Once they regained consciousness, they were subjected to same brutal torture. His appeal to citizenship rights would be subjected to the jurisdiction of the national laws in whatever state he was residing. In other words, the major German firms were subjected to tight political supervision and control but were still left at least nominally in private ownership. Origin Middle English (in the sense ‘(person) owing obedience’): from Old French suget, from Latin subjectus ‘brought under’, past participle of subicere, from sub- ‘under’ + jacere ‘throw’. Senses relating to philosophy, logic, and grammar are derived ultimately from Aristotle's use of to hupokeimenon meaning ‘material from which things are made’ and ‘subject of attributes and predicates’.
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