Definition of nitrate in English:

nitrate

noun ˈnʌɪtreɪtˈnaɪtreɪt

Chemistry

A salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the anion NO₃⁻ or the group —NO₃
preserved meat and vegetables contain nitrates
mass noun fish-fry populations are damaged by nitrate
Example sentencesExamples
- By depositing proteins as monolayers onto gold colloids, the aim will be to develop biosensors for nitrate and nitric oxide with detection capabilities approaching those of natural bacterial cells.
- Nitric oxide, nitrates, and sulfa-containing drugs are the most frequent precipitants of clinically important methemoglobinemia.
- It occurs in all kinds of minerals, such as oxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates.
- Many nitrates are ionic in nature, but heavy metal nitrates and anhydrous nitrates have covalently bonded nitrate groups.
- For instance, the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere is highly complex with a number of variables affecting the nitrate and nitric acid generation that can end up in the ice.

verb nʌɪˈtreɪtˌnaɪˈtreɪt

[with object]Chemistry

Treat (a substance) with nitric acid, especially so as to introduce nitro groups.
nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
a powerful nitrating agent
Example sentencesExamples
- Pollutants in diesel exhausts exist as particles or gas phase compounds and the contribution of nitrated, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs to the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity has been recognized.
- In diesel exhaust they have very rich oxides of nitrogen, and what that does is it nitrates the PAHs, which makes them more toxic than the ones that have come out of motor vehicle exhausts.
- The interaction between nitrogen oxides and PAHs leads to formation of nitrated PAHs, which are in turn even more potent carcinogens.
- Thus NO metabolized to nitrosothiols and to nitrated amino acids was not detected.
- For example, a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids will nitrate benzene.
- Whole lung SOD3 enzymatic activity was unchanged despite the increased protein, and further examination revealed the protein to be strongly nitrated.
- Biodiesel reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulates.
- It is important to note that nitrated proteins are not the same as free radicals.
- Further complicating this issue are data showing that nitration of SP-A limits its effectiveness, and nitrated proteins are increased markedly in BAL fluid from lung allograft recipients.
- Additionally, nitrated SP-A may not associate with lipids, lipid components may prevent SP-A nitration, or nitrated SP-A may have been lost during preparation of samples for subsequent assay.
- The first plastic, celluloid, was synthesized from nitrated cotton fiber and camphor in 1869, to make a cheaper substitute for ivory billiard balls.
- Cigarette smoking is associated with lung recruitment and activation of neutrophils that produce increased capabilities for the generation of nitrated protein.
- When nitrobenzene is nitrated with nitric and sulfuric acids, for example, 93 percent of the substituted groups end up at meta positions.

Derivatives

nitration

noun nʌɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)nnaɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n

Chemistry

The beneficial actions of hypercapnic acidosis were not mediated by inhibition of nitration of amino acid residues within proteins.
Example sentencesExamples
- Nitric oxide can react with superoxide yielding peroxynitrite, an oxidizing agent that induces lipid peroxidation, sulfhydryl oxidation of proteins, and nitration of aromatic amino acids.
- The added ethyl group makes ethylbenzene about 25 times more reactive to nitration than benzene.
- In the mining industry, the production of TNT is made possible by the electrophilic nitration of toluene (methyl benzene).
- Interaction of Cl 2 with oxides of nitrogen may also occur, causing the chlorination and nitration of various amino acid residues, particularly tyrosine.

Origin

Late 18th century: from French (see nitre, -ate¹).

Definition of nitrate in US English:

nitrate

nounˈnaɪtreɪtˈnītrāt

1A salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the anion NO₃⁻ or the group —NO₃.
Example sentencesExamples
- For instance, the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere is highly complex with a number of variables affecting the nitrate and nitric acid generation that can end up in the ice.
- It occurs in all kinds of minerals, such as oxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates.
- By depositing proteins as monolayers onto gold colloids, the aim will be to develop biosensors for nitrate and nitric oxide with detection capabilities approaching those of natural bacterial cells.
- Nitric oxide, nitrates, and sulfa-containing drugs are the most frequent precipitants of clinically important methemoglobinemia.
- Many nitrates are ionic in nature, but heavy metal nitrates and anhydrous nitrates have covalently bonded nitrate groups.
1. 1.1 Sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or ammonium nitrate, used as fertilizer.
  the fertilizer is usually a basic nitrate
  Example sentencesExamples
  Residual nitrate will remain in the soil from previous years' fertilization as well as from mineralized soil organic matter.
  Tolerance, and with it loss of antianginal effect, develops with long-term use of any form of nitrate.
  He is further accused of faxing an inquiry to a chemical company about purchasing urea nitrate - a fertiliser - using a false company name, and of using a false name to obtain a mobile phone number.
  If nitrate leaches below the root zone it eventually contaminates the groundwater.
  The effects of nitrate on various species range from gross toxicity to more subtle changes in physiology and development.

verbˌnaɪˈtreɪtˌnīˈtrāt

[with object]

Treat (a substance) with nitric acid (typically a concentrated mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids), especially so as to introduce nitro groups.
Example sentencesExamples
- Pollutants in diesel exhausts exist as particles or gas phase compounds and the contribution of nitrated, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs to the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity has been recognized.
- Additionally, nitrated SP-A may not associate with lipids, lipid components may prevent SP-A nitration, or nitrated SP-A may have been lost during preparation of samples for subsequent assay.
- Biodiesel reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulates.
- For example, a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids will nitrate benzene.
- In diesel exhaust they have very rich oxides of nitrogen, and what that does is it nitrates the PAHs, which makes them more toxic than the ones that have come out of motor vehicle exhausts.
- It is important to note that nitrated proteins are not the same as free radicals.
- The interaction between nitrogen oxides and PAHs leads to formation of nitrated PAHs, which are in turn even more potent carcinogens.
- The first plastic, celluloid, was synthesized from nitrated cotton fiber and camphor in 1869, to make a cheaper substitute for ivory billiard balls.
- Cigarette smoking is associated with lung recruitment and activation of neutrophils that produce increased capabilities for the generation of nitrated protein.
- Thus NO metabolized to nitrosothiols and to nitrated amino acids was not detected.
- Whole lung SOD3 enzymatic activity was unchanged despite the increased protein, and further examination revealed the protein to be strongly nitrated.
- When nitrobenzene is nitrated with nitric and sulfuric acids, for example, 93 percent of the substituted groups end up at meta positions.
- Further complicating this issue are data showing that nitration of SP-A limits its effectiveness, and nitrated proteins are increased markedly in BAL fluid from lung allograft recipients.

Origin

Late 18th century: from French (see niter, -ate).

单词	nitrate
释义	Definition of nitrate in English: nitrate noun ˈnʌɪtreɪtˈnaɪtreɪt Chemistry A salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the anion NO₃⁻ or the group —NO₃ preserved meat and vegetables contain nitrates mass noun fish-fry populations are damaged by nitrate Example sentencesExamples By depositing proteins as monolayers onto gold colloids, the aim will be to develop biosensors for nitrate and nitric oxide with detection capabilities approaching those of natural bacterial cells. Nitric oxide, nitrates, and sulfa-containing drugs are the most frequent precipitants of clinically important methemoglobinemia. It occurs in all kinds of minerals, such as oxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates. Many nitrates are ionic in nature, but heavy metal nitrates and anhydrous nitrates have covalently bonded nitrate groups. For instance, the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere is highly complex with a number of variables affecting the nitrate and nitric acid generation that can end up in the ice. verb nʌɪˈtreɪtˌnaɪˈtreɪt [with object]Chemistry Treat (a substance) with nitric acid, especially so as to introduce nitro groups. nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a powerful nitrating agent Example sentencesExamples Pollutants in diesel exhausts exist as particles or gas phase compounds and the contribution of nitrated, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs to the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity has been recognized. In diesel exhaust they have very rich oxides of nitrogen, and what that does is it nitrates the PAHs, which makes them more toxic than the ones that have come out of motor vehicle exhausts. The interaction between nitrogen oxides and PAHs leads to formation of nitrated PAHs, which are in turn even more potent carcinogens. Thus NO metabolized to nitrosothiols and to nitrated amino acids was not detected. For example, a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids will nitrate benzene. Whole lung SOD3 enzymatic activity was unchanged despite the increased protein, and further examination revealed the protein to be strongly nitrated. Biodiesel reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulates. It is important to note that nitrated proteins are not the same as free radicals. Further complicating this issue are data showing that nitration of SP-A limits its effectiveness, and nitrated proteins are increased markedly in BAL fluid from lung allograft recipients. Additionally, nitrated SP-A may not associate with lipids, lipid components may prevent SP-A nitration, or nitrated SP-A may have been lost during preparation of samples for subsequent assay. The first plastic, celluloid, was synthesized from nitrated cotton fiber and camphor in 1869, to make a cheaper substitute for ivory billiard balls. Cigarette smoking is associated with lung recruitment and activation of neutrophils that produce increased capabilities for the generation of nitrated protein. When nitrobenzene is nitrated with nitric and sulfuric acids, for example, 93 percent of the substituted groups end up at meta positions. Derivatives nitration noun nʌɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)nnaɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n Chemistry The beneficial actions of hypercapnic acidosis were not mediated by inhibition of nitration of amino acid residues within proteins. Example sentencesExamples Nitric oxide can react with superoxide yielding peroxynitrite, an oxidizing agent that induces lipid peroxidation, sulfhydryl oxidation of proteins, and nitration of aromatic amino acids. The added ethyl group makes ethylbenzene about 25 times more reactive to nitration than benzene. In the mining industry, the production of TNT is made possible by the electrophilic nitration of toluene (methyl benzene). Interaction of Cl 2 with oxides of nitrogen may also occur, causing the chlorination and nitration of various amino acid residues, particularly tyrosine. Origin Late 18th century: from French (see nitre, -ate¹). Definition of nitrate in US English: nitrate nounˈnaɪtreɪtˈnītrāt 1A salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the anion NO₃⁻ or the group —NO₃. Example sentencesExamples For instance, the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere is highly complex with a number of variables affecting the nitrate and nitric acid generation that can end up in the ice. It occurs in all kinds of minerals, such as oxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates. By depositing proteins as monolayers onto gold colloids, the aim will be to develop biosensors for nitrate and nitric oxide with detection capabilities approaching those of natural bacterial cells. Nitric oxide, nitrates, and sulfa-containing drugs are the most frequent precipitants of clinically important methemoglobinemia. Many nitrates are ionic in nature, but heavy metal nitrates and anhydrous nitrates have covalently bonded nitrate groups. 1.1 Sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or ammonium nitrate, used as fertilizer. the fertilizer is usually a basic nitrate Example sentencesExamples Residual nitrate will remain in the soil from previous years' fertilization as well as from mineralized soil organic matter. Tolerance, and with it loss of antianginal effect, develops with long-term use of any form of nitrate. He is further accused of faxing an inquiry to a chemical company about purchasing urea nitrate - a fertiliser - using a false company name, and of using a false name to obtain a mobile phone number. If nitrate leaches below the root zone it eventually contaminates the groundwater. The effects of nitrate on various species range from gross toxicity to more subtle changes in physiology and development. verbˌnaɪˈtreɪtˌnīˈtrāt [with object] Treat (a substance) with nitric acid (typically a concentrated mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids), especially so as to introduce nitro groups. Example sentencesExamples Pollutants in diesel exhausts exist as particles or gas phase compounds and the contribution of nitrated, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs to the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity has been recognized. Additionally, nitrated SP-A may not associate with lipids, lipid components may prevent SP-A nitration, or nitrated SP-A may have been lost during preparation of samples for subsequent assay. Biodiesel reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulates. For example, a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids will nitrate benzene. In diesel exhaust they have very rich oxides of nitrogen, and what that does is it nitrates the PAHs, which makes them more toxic than the ones that have come out of motor vehicle exhausts. It is important to note that nitrated proteins are not the same as free radicals. The interaction between nitrogen oxides and PAHs leads to formation of nitrated PAHs, which are in turn even more potent carcinogens. The first plastic, celluloid, was synthesized from nitrated cotton fiber and camphor in 1869, to make a cheaper substitute for ivory billiard balls. Cigarette smoking is associated with lung recruitment and activation of neutrophils that produce increased capabilities for the generation of nitrated protein. Thus NO metabolized to nitrosothiols and to nitrated amino acids was not detected. Whole lung SOD3 enzymatic activity was unchanged despite the increased protein, and further examination revealed the protein to be strongly nitrated. When nitrobenzene is nitrated with nitric and sulfuric acids, for example, 93 percent of the substituted groups end up at meta positions. Further complicating this issue are data showing that nitration of SP-A limits its effectiveness, and nitrated proteins are increased markedly in BAL fluid from lung allograft recipients. Origin Late 18th century: from French (see niter, -ate).
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