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单词 organism
释义

Definition of organism in English:

organism

noun ˈɔːɡ(ə)nɪz(ə)mˈɔrɡəˌnɪzəm
  • 1An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

    fish and other organisms have been destroyed over large areas of the creek
    Example sentencesExamples
    • There are a number of solid arguments that plants too are responsive organisms, that they too react to pain.
    • Some single-celled organisms called protists do in fact use cilia on their cell surface to swim through water.
    • The technology we are talking about here is the genetically modified plants or organisms.
    • It is observed in all organisms from bacteria to plants and animals.
    • Plants are sessile organisms that had to develop strategies to adapt rapidly to changes in environmental conditions.
    • Eventually, it melts to supply water and nutrients to plants and aquatic organisms.
    • Plants are aerobic organisms that rely on oxygen for development and metabolism.
    • A plant will bend towards light and single-celled organisms will dodge obstacles.
    • Oxygen is consumed by animals and other aerobic organisms.
    • Most organic materials supply a wide range of the other nutrients needed by compost organisms and plants.
    • Haeckel noted that multicellular animal organisms follow a common pattern in early embryological development.
    • It has enabled us to evolve from a single-celled organism into the dominant species on the planet.
    • To other organisms, including higher animals and plants, many synthetic compounds are highly toxic.
    • But these trees and bushes and grasses around me are living organisms just like animals.
    • Flowering plants are multicellular organisms where cell division plays a significant role in growth and development.
    • Green plants are the only organisms in the natural world that can make their own food.
    • Of course there are also less interesting organisms like plants and animals in this database as well.
    • Molybdenum is a trace element found in the soil and is required for growth of most biological organisms including plants and animals.
    • In all of these areas he always paid careful attention to the behavior of individual organisms.
    • Multicellular organisms such as animals and plants could then be viewed as communities of cells.
    Synonyms
    living thing, being, creature, animal, plant, structure, life form, entity, body
    1. 1.1 The material structure of an organism.
      the heart's contribution to the maintenance of the human organism
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Biologists assumed that proteins alone regulate the genes of humans and other complex organisms.
      • In 2000, the organism was cultured in human fibroblast cell line by centrifugation shell vial technique.
      • Aging is characterized by the progressive loss of functional and structural integrity of the organism.
      • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; many simple organisms, like bacteria, have just one pair.
      • Nowadays, this code might contain DNA sequencing and the genetic map of a complex organism such as the human body.
      • It is believed that the organism proliferates in decaying organic material, producing the toxins that are then taken up by animals.
      • One of the most potent influences on the human organism is fear.
      • Many organisms have evolved materials whose unusual physical properties may make them useful.
      • Biotechnology can be defined as the manipulation of biological organisms to make products that benefit human beings.
      • His repeated failures forced him to reconsider some common and basic assumptions about how the human organism works.
      • Basically us humans are only organisms, we are the same as a plant, a dog, even a bacteria.
      • Yet they are responsible for a multicellular organism with a complex central nervous system, and the human genome looks remarkably similar to this.
      • Some scientists have endeavoured to demonstrate that exposure to colour can trigger biochemical responses in the human organism.
      • The primary explanatory guide would be evolution of grades of organisms and their structures.
      • In the human organism, cholesterol is the parent compound of all steroid hormones.
      • Humans and all other organisms are related by evolution to a common ancestor.
      • A genome is all the genetic information or hereditary material possessed by an organism.
      • Maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis is of paramount importance to the survival of the human organism.
      • The organism is transmitted to humans by the bite of the sandfly.
    2. 1.2 A system or organization consisting of interdependent parts, compared to a living being.
      the Church is a divinely constituted organism
      Example sentencesExamples
      • That idea of progressive politics collapsed in 1970s - and out of it came the modern pessimism that society is too complex an organism to be changed in a rational fashion.
      • The new theory presented the global atmospheric system as if it were a living organism, and - even more radically - attributed purpose to it.
      • There are some intelligent people in it, but the organism of the government is not intelligent.
      • A covenant places the emphasis on the church as an organism of living relationships rather than an institutional organization.
      • Broadly speaking, the Greeks viewed the Universe as a living organism rather than as a mechanism like a watch.
      • The statement implies a living organism feeding on not only the public who gives it money, but on the employees who feed energy into the beast.
      • According to Richard Pascale, if you want your company to stay alive, then try running it like a living organism.
      • As soon as a system - whether an organism or an economy - runs out of energy, it starts to disintegrate.
      • Indeed, this could be said of any social organism: baseball teams, political parties or corporations.
      • A company is a living organism competing, collaborating, and cocreating in a network of other companies.
      Synonyms
      structure, system, organization, entity, whole, set-up

Derivatives

  • organismal

  • adjective
    • The authors are quick to point out the relationship between specific organismal adaptations and the environmental conditions that cause them.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Most importantly, if mutations have no effect on organismal fitness, the genealogy of a sample can be separated entirely from the mutational process.
      • The focus of recent studies has been the explicit integration of an organismal perspective into sexual selection studies.
      • In higher eukaryotes, impediments to repair can lead to high frequencies of mutation, cancer, and in some cases, cell or organismal death.
      • In this regard, it is interesting to consider the potential effects of a division rate correlation on the organismal phenotype.
      • For example, if we are obligated to sustain all human life, regardless of organismal function, how can death ever be morally permitted?
      • A difference in gene expression need not influence organismal phenotype or fitness.
      • With an interesting narrative and several illustrative diagrams, Hey informs the reader of how to use the neutral theory and genetic drift to define organismal divergence times.
      • These genes strongly implicate the glucose metabolism pathway in organismal aging.
      • It also represents a rare instance in which protein evolution, organismal adaptation, and environmental conditions can be linked directly.
      • We reasoned that if programmed cell death influences organismal death, mutants defective in apoptosis should have abnormal, possibly extended, life spans.
      • Under this definition, complex traits tend to be those at higher levels of organization, including behavior, life history, and organismal physiology.
      • Jonathan Wendel, professor, to chair of the new department of ecology, evolution and organismal biology in the colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences and Agriculture.
      • Figure 1 gives the overall rooted organismal phylogeny assumed, with the topology for a particular gene constituting only a subtree of this global phylogeny.
      • Body size is a frequently cited influence on organismal biology and evolution.
      • As new genomes are sequenced, these tools are valuable both in annotation of protein functions and in correlating organismal genotype with phenotype.
      • One of the big challenges in integrative organismal biology is to explain-and ideally predict-the evolution of complex animal traits in nature.
      • Explaining ecological phenomena in terms of organismal traits has broad acceptance by community ecologists and growing acceptance by ecosystem ecologists.
      • Furthermore, the origin of new gene families with disparate functions from ancestral genes is implicated in the evolution of organismal diversity.
      • Both organisms integrate the present organismal state to modify the response to further signals.
  • organismic

  • adjective
    • This step in evolution - the acquisition of stable diploidy - was the second prerequisite for evolution of organismic complexity.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Meanwhile, evolutionary biology and organismic biology continued to grow in strength and sophistication, and extended their reach on down beyond the organism.
      • It allows for the test of a number of biologically important variables in organismic development, for example, the timing of maximal growth rate and the duration of linear growth phase.
      • Chemical messengers regulate physiological and behavioral functions at all levels of organization including molecular, cellular, developmental, organismic, and ecological.
      • Genetics has been an important tool for studying the molecular basis of cell functions and for establishing correlations between cellular function and organismic function.
      • Although the relationship between cellular and organismic age is not well understood, chronological age is inversely correlated with telomere length in adults across all age groups.
      • That Goethe is looking at parts of the same organism, while Darwin is treating of entire organismic forms of related groups is beside the point.
      • Lazarus defined emotions as a complex, patterned organismic reaction to how we think we are doing in life.
      • From the beginning the emphasis in these journals has been mainly on organismic genetics in a wide variety of animals and plants, and in the early years, on eugenics.
      • In the chain of life there is an organismic relationship among things.
      • We live in a society that has a parallel and equally strong belief in evolution (social and organismic in face of physical entropy) and progress.
      • Constructivism and maturational theory ‘are both examples of organismic theories.’
      • Alternatively, since white myotomal muscle is the tissue that comprises the greatest percentage of body mass of fishes, white muscle aerobic capacity may reflect overall organismic aerobic capacity and standard metabolic rate.
      • Applying these ideas to the design of organismic bodies, we note that the supportive materials of plants and animals are based on fibrous macromolecules-cellulose in plants and collagen and chitin in animals.
      • Thus Dawkins, for example, used facts about inheritance, e.g. that genes are faithfully replicated across generations while whole genotypes and organismic characters are not, to privilege the gene as the unit of selection.
      • Large-scale systematic patterns of variation lie at the heart of organismic biology and have interested biologists ever since the beginning.
      • Neuroscience, for him, more or less just identifies organismic physical processes that underlie animal/environment interactions.
      • But angiosperm life forms and niches are so varied, with much of their organismic machinery being cells where size matters, that a vast spectrum of cell-size has been favoured by selection.
      • It is devoted to what molecular biologists have learned about the details, with all their intricacies and puzzles, of organismic development.
      • Reflecting on this, a number of biologists and historians of biology have noted that the idea of the gene as a code or blueprint is a very limited and reductionist construction of organismic life.

Origin

Early 18th century (in the sense 'organization', from organize): current senses derive from French organisme.

 
 

Definition of organism in US English:

organism

nounˈôrɡəˌnizəmˈɔrɡəˌnɪzəm
  • 1An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

    Example sentencesExamples
    • It has enabled us to evolve from a single-celled organism into the dominant species on the planet.
    • The technology we are talking about here is the genetically modified plants or organisms.
    • Haeckel noted that multicellular animal organisms follow a common pattern in early embryological development.
    • Most organic materials supply a wide range of the other nutrients needed by compost organisms and plants.
    • Multicellular organisms such as animals and plants could then be viewed as communities of cells.
    • Some single-celled organisms called protists do in fact use cilia on their cell surface to swim through water.
    • Oxygen is consumed by animals and other aerobic organisms.
    • There are a number of solid arguments that plants too are responsive organisms, that they too react to pain.
    • A plant will bend towards light and single-celled organisms will dodge obstacles.
    • It is observed in all organisms from bacteria to plants and animals.
    • Eventually, it melts to supply water and nutrients to plants and aquatic organisms.
    • Plants are sessile organisms that had to develop strategies to adapt rapidly to changes in environmental conditions.
    • Of course there are also less interesting organisms like plants and animals in this database as well.
    • Molybdenum is a trace element found in the soil and is required for growth of most biological organisms including plants and animals.
    • Plants are aerobic organisms that rely on oxygen for development and metabolism.
    • But these trees and bushes and grasses around me are living organisms just like animals.
    • In all of these areas he always paid careful attention to the behavior of individual organisms.
    • Flowering plants are multicellular organisms where cell division plays a significant role in growth and development.
    • To other organisms, including higher animals and plants, many synthetic compounds are highly toxic.
    • Green plants are the only organisms in the natural world that can make their own food.
    Synonyms
    living thing, being, creature, animal, plant, structure, life form, entity, body
    1. 1.1 The material structure of an individual life form.
      the heart's contribution to the maintenance of the human organism
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; many simple organisms, like bacteria, have just one pair.
      • One of the most potent influences on the human organism is fear.
      • Nowadays, this code might contain DNA sequencing and the genetic map of a complex organism such as the human body.
      • Many organisms have evolved materials whose unusual physical properties may make them useful.
      • Humans and all other organisms are related by evolution to a common ancestor.
      • The primary explanatory guide would be evolution of grades of organisms and their structures.
      • Biotechnology can be defined as the manipulation of biological organisms to make products that benefit human beings.
      • It is believed that the organism proliferates in decaying organic material, producing the toxins that are then taken up by animals.
      • Yet they are responsible for a multicellular organism with a complex central nervous system, and the human genome looks remarkably similar to this.
      • Biologists assumed that proteins alone regulate the genes of humans and other complex organisms.
      • In 2000, the organism was cultured in human fibroblast cell line by centrifugation shell vial technique.
      • Aging is characterized by the progressive loss of functional and structural integrity of the organism.
      • A genome is all the genetic information or hereditary material possessed by an organism.
      • Basically us humans are only organisms, we are the same as a plant, a dog, even a bacteria.
      • The organism is transmitted to humans by the bite of the sandfly.
      • His repeated failures forced him to reconsider some common and basic assumptions about how the human organism works.
      • In the human organism, cholesterol is the parent compound of all steroid hormones.
      • Some scientists have endeavoured to demonstrate that exposure to colour can trigger biochemical responses in the human organism.
      • Maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis is of paramount importance to the survival of the human organism.
    2. 1.2 A whole with interdependent parts, likened to a living being.
      the upper strata of the American social organism
      Example sentencesExamples
      • There are some intelligent people in it, but the organism of the government is not intelligent.
      • The new theory presented the global atmospheric system as if it were a living organism, and - even more radically - attributed purpose to it.
      • A company is a living organism competing, collaborating, and cocreating in a network of other companies.
      • Indeed, this could be said of any social organism: baseball teams, political parties or corporations.
      • A covenant places the emphasis on the church as an organism of living relationships rather than an institutional organization.
      • As soon as a system - whether an organism or an economy - runs out of energy, it starts to disintegrate.
      • The statement implies a living organism feeding on not only the public who gives it money, but on the employees who feed energy into the beast.
      • Broadly speaking, the Greeks viewed the Universe as a living organism rather than as a mechanism like a watch.
      • According to Richard Pascale, if you want your company to stay alive, then try running it like a living organism.
      • That idea of progressive politics collapsed in 1970s - and out of it came the modern pessimism that society is too complex an organism to be changed in a rational fashion.
      Synonyms
      structure, system, organization, entity, whole, set-up

Origin

Early 18th century (in the sense ‘organization’, from organize): current senses derive from French organisme.

 
 
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更新时间:2024/11/10 16:19:42