1technical The application of energy to something.

1. 1.1Physics The process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied.
   thermal excitation

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Simplified model fitting of the experimental data enabled to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters characterizing excitation and photoionization processes.
   • In our terminology, an exciton is a photon reaching a donor and, dependent on the donor's excitation state upon arrival, potentially participating in the process of donor excitation.
   • These data demonstrate that parallel measurements with UV-A and UV-B excitation can give an indication of the absorption properties of the screening compounds.
   • The dependence of the emission spectrum on excitation wavelength in ethanol glass at 77 K is shown in Fig.6.
   • In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation.
   • This was revealed by alkali-treatment of leaf transverse sections, by the shape of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and by the time-resolved analysis of leaf BGF.
   • The electrons ejected from the atoms upon this excitation are deflected - or, in our case, accelerated or decelerated - by the few-cycle laser field.
   • They have found that these tiny devices fluoresce with much narrower excitation spectra than their semiconductor counterparts and so might find use in highly specific labeling for molecular biology experiments.
   • Two-photon excitation is a nonlinear process in which a fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously.
   • The excitation and emission spectra were corrected using correction factors supplied by SPEX.
   • Based on the precedents from the ion-imaging field, the most useful reversible probes, termed ratio probes, exhibit a shift in their excitation or emission spectrum between the free and bound forms.
   • Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented.
   • Correction of excitation and emission spectra was performed using a Rhodamine B quantum counter solution and a standard lamp, respectively.
   • In 1902, he published his theory of electron excitation and luminescence.
   • Made up of small numbers of gold or silver atoms, the nanoclusters are strongly fluorescent and have narrow excitation and emission spectra.
   • Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were subsequently measured.
   • Vibrations of the nanospheres arose through natural thermal excitation, as well as stimulation by the incident light.
   • N 2 and O 2 can therefore only absorb light through electronic excitation.
   • The solution was scaled so as to normalize the peaks in excitation and emission spectra to unity.
   • The first is the intrinsic polarization of the isolated acceptor emission, which may be a function of its environment and the particular excitation and emission wavelengths used.
2. 1.2Physiology The state of enhanced activity of a cell, organism, or tissue which results from its stimulation.
   these neurotransmitters can produce excitation or inhibition

   Example sentencesExamples

   • However, it is difficult to directly compare these results with our study because different cell lines, excitation wavelengths, and power levels were used.
   • The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior.
   • As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory.
   • In muscle cells, nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junction mediate rapid excitation that leads to muscle contraction.
   • These reflexes are initiated by the excitation of duodenal mucosal chemoreceptors to acid, fats, and osmotic pressure in the luminal contents.
   • In others, such as those controlling the diameter of a large blood vessel, excitation is by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings close to the cells, but not with structured synapses.
   • These asymmetries result both from the nature of the coordination of the two muscle layers and from the patterns of spread of excitation within the muscle layers.
   • Light resulting from the laser excitation of fluorochromed cells is detected by photosensors and converted into a set of digital values.
   • The classical concept of fusion is a three-step process of cell excitation, docking, and fusion, in which docking may occur before cell excitation.
   • Nausea can also be of central origin, arising from direct excitation of medullary receptors by systemic toxins.
   • The brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, and cognitive activity reduces, ultimately, to patterns of neuronal excitation and inhibition.
   • One of the photointermediates interacts with the G protein, resulting in the electrical excitation of a photoreceptor cell.
   • For that reason, the emission of red fluorescence on excitation of cancerous tissue by blue light increases more than the emission of green fluorescence.
   • This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell.
   • Cell excitation has been analyzed in one of two ways.
   • Events that stimulate muscle activity by raising sarcoplasmic calcium begin with neural excitation at neuromuscular junctions.
   • In anesthetized adult rats, Fenik and Veasey studied the role of serotonin receptor subtypes in the excitation of neurons of the upper airway dilator muscles.
   • Essential for its use as a marker in protoplast fusion is its ease of detection by illuminating live cells or tissues at the appropriate excitation wavelength.
   • This contraction arises from excitation of the circular layer of smooth muscle by autonomic nerves.
   • The researchers then cultured sensory nerve cells and measured the level of intracellular calcium, as a measure of nerve cell excitation.
3. 1.3 The application of current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field.
   continuous rotation of the motor by sequential excitation of the phase windings

   as modifier two parallel coils with opposing excitation windings

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Fleming and his colleagues were able to extend this technique to electronic excitations which require visible light for their excitation.
   • Magnetic excitation, as well as other direct excitation methods, enable the drive signal to be directly related to the drive force and thus to the response of the cantilever.
   • The microsecond components of the electric signals for excitation of O and bR are very different.
   • The electric field oscillations of the same 5-fs laser pulse are then used to probe the time structure of electron emission accompanying the impulsive x-ray excitation.
   • Theoretical models based on current injection membranes predict that excitation will occur for currents of all strengths once a threshold is exceeded.
   • A barrier valve including an armature, longitudinally movable toward a pole core by excitation of an electrical winding.
   • We can readily observe resonant behavior of MCs using excitation in alternated electric, electromagnetic, or acoustic fields.
   • In addition, a substantial signal/noise advantage may be obtained if the tip is directly oscillated as opposed to indirect mechanical excitation with an acoustic transducer.
4. 1.4 The application of a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor.
   Example sentencesExamples

   • From analyzing the recorded signal, both the excitation and response of the ground are obtained simultaneously.
   • The photovoltaic signal continues to rise for 4.5 ps after excitation, and the voltage profile corresponds well with the population dynamics of the K state.

2The action of exciting or the state of being excited; excitement.