hydroxyurea

[hi-drok″se-u-re´ah] an antineoplastic agent that blocks the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, thus stopping DNA synthesis; used in the treatment of melanoma, resistant chronic myelocytic leukemia, and recurrent, metastatic, or inoperable ovarian carcinoma. It is also used in sickle cell disease to reduce the frequency of painful crises and to reduce the need for blood transfusions.

hydroxyurea

Droxia, Hydrea

Pharmacologic class: Antimetabolite

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Box Warning

• Drug may cause severe and even life-threatening adverse effects. Administer under supervision of physician experienced in using drug to treat sickle cell anemia.

• Drug damages genes, chromosomes, and DNA and may be carcinogenic. Secondary leukemias have occurred in patients receiving it as long-term therapy for myeloproliferative disorders. Prescriber and patient must carefully weigh potential benefits against undefined risk of secondary cancers.

Action

Unknown. May inhibit enzyme necessary for DNA synthesis without disrupting RNA or protein synthesis.

Availability

Capsules: 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ Head and neck cancer; ovarian cancer; malignant melanoma

Adults: 60 to 80 mg/kg (2 to 3 g/m²) P.O. as a single daily dose q 3 days, or 20 to 30 mg/kg/day P.O. as a single dose. Begin therapy 7 days before radiation.

➣ Resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia

Adults: 20 to 30 mg/kg/day P.O. in one or two divided doses

➣ Sickle cell anemia

Adults and children: 15 mg/kg/day P.O. as a single dose. May increase by 5 mg/kg/day P.O. q 12 weeks, up to 35 mg/kg/day.

Off-label uses

• Thrombocythemia

• Human immunodeficiency virus

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or tartrazine

• Bone marrow depression

• Severe anemia or thrombocytopenia

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• renal or hepatic impairment

• obese patients

• females of childbearing age

• elderly patients.

Administration

• Provide frequent mouth care.

Adverse reactions

CNS: drowsiness, malaise, confusion, dizziness, headache

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, anorexia

GU: dysuria, hyperuricemia, infertility, renal tubular dysfunction

Hematologic: anemia, megaloblastosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow depression

Hepatic: hepatitis

Metabolic: hyperuricemia

Skin: alopecia, erythema, pruritus, rash, urticaria, exacerbation of post-radiation erythema

Other: chills, fever

Interactions

Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions

Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression

Drug-diagnostic tests. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid: increased values

Hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells: decreased values

Mean corpuscular volume: transient increase

Patient monitoring

• Assess CBC weekly.

• Closely monitor patient with renal or hepatic impairment. Check kidney and liver function tests often.

• Assess fluid status. Make sure patient drinks 10 to 12 glasses of water daily.

Patient teaching

• Advise patient to mark dates for drug doses, diagnostic tests, and treatments on calendar.

See Instruct patient to immediately report easy bruising, bleeding, unusual tiredness, or yellowing of skin or eyes.

• Tell patient to report such adverse effects as appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, oral lesions, constipation, diarrhea, confusion, dizziness, headache, and rash.

• Instruct female patient to use barrier contraception.

• Tell patient he will undergo regular blood testing to monitor drug effects.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

hy·drox·y·u·re·a

(hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă), An oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat various malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and carcinoma of the ovary. Synonym(s): hydroxycarbamide

hydroxyurea

(hī-drŏk′sē-yo͝o-rē′ə)n. An antineoplastic drug, CH₄N₂O₂, that suppresses the production of blood cell precursors in the bone marrow and is used in the treatment of certain leukemias, carcinomas, and sickle cell anemia.

hydroxyurea

Droxia^®, Hydrea^® A non-alkylating, myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic of low toxicity, used to treat myeloproliferative disorders and hemoglobinopathies AIDS HU ↓ HIV viral loads if given as part of a protease-sparing triple combination with nucleoside analogues ddI–
didanosine–Videx^® and d4T–stavudine–Zerit^®. See AIDS Hematology Hydroxyurea induces ↑ HbF synthesis in sickle cell–SC anemia, which may comprise 25% of the total Hb–the remainder is HbS–seemingly enough to prevent formation of HbS polymers, the bête noire of SC disease; hydroxyurea may be used to ↑ fetal Hb production–by ↑ γ-globulin production and ↑ RBC survival and ↓ bilirubin and LD in Pts with SC anemia; used in Pts with SC disease ≥ age 18, to prevent/↓ painful crises and ↓ need for blood transfusions, for Pts who have had at ≥3 painful crises in previous yr. See Sickle cell anemia Oncology Hydroxyurea is used as a single agent to control blast transformation in CML, manage P vera, essential thrombocythemia and, with prednisone, treat idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome; long-term therapy may prevent thrombosis; hydroxyurea therapy–HT has also been used to manage melanoma and inoperable ovarian CA Long-term effects Unknown; in Pts with P vera, leukemia is 3-fold higher in HT than in those treated with phlebotomy.

hy·drox·y·u·re·a

(hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă) An oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and ovarian carcinoma.

hydroxyurea

Hydroxycarbamide, a CYTOTOXIC drug used in the chemotherapy of cancer. The drug is also capable of effecting a substantial reduction in the frequency and severity of crises in SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA. A brand name is Hydrea.

Hydroxyurea

A drug that has been shown to induce production of fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin has a pair of gamma-globin molecules in place of the typical beta-globins of adult hemoglobin. Higher-than-normal levels of fetal hemoglobin can ameliorate some of the symptoms of thalassemia.Mentioned in: Hemoglobinopathies, Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia

hy·drox·y·u·re·a

(hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă) Oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat various malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and carcinoma of the ovary.

单词	hydroxyurea
释义	hydroxyurea hy·drox·y·u·re·a H0351450 (hī-drŏk′sē-yo͝o-rē′ə)n. An antineoplastic drug, CH₄N₂O₂, that suppresses the production of blood cell precursors in the bone marrow and is used in the treatment of certain leukemias, carcinomas, and sickle cell anemia. hydroxyurea (haɪˌdrɒksɪjʊˈrɪə) n (Medicine) a drug which prevents the development of tumours and is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer as well as in the treatment of sickle-cell disease and AIDS Translations hydroxyurea hydroxyurea [‚hī¦dräk·sē·yu̇′rē·ə] (pharmacology) HONHCONH₂ Needlelike crystals with a melting point of 133-136°C; used as an antineoplastic agent. Also known as hydroxycarbamide. hydroxyurea hydroxyurea [hi-drok″se-u-re´ah] an antineoplastic agent that blocks the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, thus stopping DNA synthesis; used in the treatment of melanoma, resistant chronic myelocytic leukemia, and recurrent, metastatic, or inoperable ovarian carcinoma. It is also used in sickle cell disease to reduce the frequency of painful crises and to reduce the need for blood transfusions. hydroxyurea Droxia, Hydrea *Pharmacologic class:* Antimetabolite *Therapeutic class:* Antineoplastic *Pregnancy risk category D* FDA Box Warning • Drug may cause severe and even life-threatening adverse effects. Administer under supervision of physician experienced in using drug to treat sickle cell anemia. • Drug damages genes, chromosomes, and DNA and may be carcinogenic. Secondary leukemias have occurred in patients receiving it as long-term therapy for myeloproliferative disorders. Prescriber and patient must carefully weigh potential benefits against undefined risk of secondary cancers. Action Unknown. May inhibit enzyme necessary for DNA synthesis without disrupting RNA or protein synthesis. Availability Capsules: 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg Indications and dosages ➣ Head and neck cancer; ovarian cancer; malignant melanoma Adults: 60 to 80 mg/kg (2 to 3 g/m²) P.O. as a single daily dose q 3 days, or 20 to 30 mg/kg/day P.O. as a single dose. Begin therapy 7 days before radiation. ➣ Resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia Adults: 20 to 30 mg/kg/day P.O. in one or two divided doses ➣ Sickle cell anemia Adults and children: 15 mg/kg/day P.O. as a single dose. May increase by 5 mg/kg/day P.O. q 12 weeks, up to 35 mg/kg/day. Off-label uses • Thrombocythemia • Human immunodeficiency virus Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug or tartrazine • Bone marrow depression • Severe anemia or thrombocytopenia Precautions Use cautiously in: • renal or hepatic impairment • obese patients • females of childbearing age • elderly patients. Administration • Provide frequent mouth care. Adverse reactions CNS: drowsiness, malaise, confusion, dizziness, headache GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, anorexia GU: dysuria, hyperuricemia, infertility, renal tubular dysfunction Hematologic: anemia, megaloblastosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow depression Hepatic: hepatitis Metabolic: hyperuricemia Skin: alopecia, erythema, pruritus, rash, urticaria, exacerbation of post-radiation erythema Other: chills, fever Interactions Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression Drug-diagnostic tests. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid: increased values Hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells: decreased values Mean corpuscular volume: transient increase Patient monitoring • Assess CBC weekly. • Closely monitor patient with renal or hepatic impairment. Check kidney and liver function tests often. • Assess fluid status. Make sure patient drinks 10 to 12 glasses of water daily. Patient teaching • Advise patient to mark dates for drug doses, diagnostic tests, and treatments on calendar. See Instruct patient to immediately report easy bruising, bleeding, unusual tiredness, or yellowing of skin or eyes. • Tell patient to report such adverse effects as appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, oral lesions, constipation, diarrhea, confusion, dizziness, headache, and rash. • Instruct female patient to use barrier contraception. • Tell patient he will undergo regular blood testing to monitor drug effects. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. hy·drox·y·u·re·a (hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă), An oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat various malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and carcinoma of the ovary. Synonym(s): hydroxycarbamide hydroxyurea (hī-drŏk′sē-yo͝o-rē′ə)n. An antineoplastic drug, CH₄N₂O₂, that suppresses the production of blood cell precursors in the bone marrow and is used in the treatment of certain leukemias, carcinomas, and sickle cell anemia. hydroxyurea Droxia^®, Hydrea^® A non-alkylating, myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic of low toxicity, used to treat myeloproliferative disorders and hemoglobinopathies AIDS HU ↓ HIV viral loads if given as part of a protease-sparing triple combination with nucleoside analogues ddI– didanosine–Videx^® and d4T–stavudine–Zerit^®. See AIDS Hematology Hydroxyurea induces ↑ HbF synthesis in sickle cell–SC anemia, which may comprise 25% of the total Hb–the remainder is HbS–seemingly enough to prevent formation of HbS polymers, the bête noire of SC disease; hydroxyurea may be used to ↑ fetal Hb production–by ↑ γ-globulin production and ↑ RBC survival and ↓ bilirubin and LD in Pts with SC anemia; used in Pts with SC disease ≥ age 18, to prevent/↓ painful crises and ↓ need for blood transfusions, for Pts who have had at ≥3 painful crises in previous yr. See Sickle cell anemia Oncology Hydroxyurea is used as a single agent to control blast transformation in CML, manage P vera, essential thrombocythemia and, with prednisone, treat idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome; long-term therapy may prevent thrombosis; hydroxyurea therapy–HT has also been used to manage melanoma and inoperable ovarian CA Long-term effects Unknown; in Pts with P vera, leukemia is 3-fold higher in HT than in those treated with phlebotomy. hy·drox·y·u·re·a (hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă) An oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and ovarian carcinoma. hydroxyurea Hydroxycarbamide, a CYTOTOXIC drug used in the chemotherapy of cancer. The drug is also capable of effecting a substantial reduction in the frequency and severity of crises in SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA. A brand name is Hydrea. Hydroxyurea A drug that has been shown to induce production of fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin has a pair of gamma-globin molecules in place of the typical beta-globins of adult hemoglobin. Higher-than-normal levels of fetal hemoglobin can ameliorate some of the symptoms of thalassemia.Mentioned in: Hemoglobinopathies, Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia hy·drox·y·u·re·a (hī-drok'sē-yū-rē'ă) Oral antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat various malignancies including melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and carcinoma of the ovary.
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