| 释义 |
German
Ger·man G0101500 (jûr′mən)adj.1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Germany or its people.2. Of or relating to the German language.n.1. a. A native or inhabitant of Germany.b. A person of German ancestry.2. Any of the West Germanic languages and dialects spoken or originating in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland, especially standard High German.
[Middle English, from Latin Germānus.]
ger·man 1 G0101500 (jûr′mən)n. Regional 1. An intricate dance for many couples.2. A party for dancing at which this dance is featured.
[Short for German cotillion.]
ger·man 2 G0101500 (jûr′mən)adj. Having the same parents or the same grandparents on either the mother's or the father's side. Often used in combination: a cousin-german; a brother-german.
[Middle English germain, from Old French, from Latin germānus, from germen, offshoot; see genə- in Indo-European roots.]german (ˈdʒɜːmən) n (Dancing) US a dance consisting of complicated figures and changes of partners[C19: shortened from German cotillion]
german (ˈdʒɜːmən) adj1. (Genetics) (used in combination)a. having the same parents as oneself: a brother-german. b. having a parent that is a brother or sister of either of one's own parents: cousin-german. 2. a less common word for germane[C14: via Old French germain, from Latin germānus of the same race, from germen sprout, offshoot]
German (ˈdʒɜːmən) n1. (Languages) the official language of Germany and Austria and one of the official languages of Switzerland; the native language of approximately 100 million people. It is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch, closely related to English and Dutch. There is considerable diversity of dialects; modern standard German is a development of Old High German, influenced by Martin Luther's translation of the Bible. See also High German, Low German2. (Peoples) a native, inhabitant, or citizen of Germany3. (Peoples) a person whose native language is German: Swiss Germans; Volga Germans. 4. (Languages) a person whose native language is German: Swiss Germans; Volga Germans. adj5. (Languages) denoting, relating to, or using the German language6. (Placename) relating to, denoting, or characteristic of any German state or its people7. (Peoples) relating to, denoting, or characteristic of any German state or its peopleger•man (ˈdʒɜr mən)
adj. 1. having the same father and mother, as a full brother or sister (usu. used in combination): a brother-german. 2. born of the brother or sister of one's father or mother, as a first cousin (usu. used in combination): a cousin-german. [1250–1300; Middle English germain < Old French < Latin germānus, derivative of germen; see germ] Ger•man (ˈdʒɜr mən)
n. 1. a native or inhabitant of Germany. 2. the West Germanic language of Germany, Austria, and most of Switzerland, historically comprising a broad range of dialects. Abbr.: G Compare High German, Low German. 3. (usu. l.c.) an elaborate social dance resembling a cotillion. 4. (l.c.) New England and South Atlantic States. a dancing party featuring the german. adj. 5. of or pertaining to Germany, its inhabitants, or their language. [1520–30; < Latin Germānus German; c. Greek Germanoí (pl.)] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  German - a person of German nationality Deutschland, FRG, Germany, Federal Republic of Germany - a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990European - a native or inhabitant of EuropeTeuton - someone (especially a German) who speaks a Germanic languageEast German - a native or inhabitant of the former republic of East GermanyBoche, Jerry, Kraut, Krauthead, Hun - offensive term for a person of German descentBerliner - an inhabitant of BerlinPrussian - a German inhabitant of PrussiaBavarian - a native or an inhabitant of Bavaria | | 2. |  German - the standard German language; developed historically from West GermanicGerman language, High GermanFrau - a German courtesy title or form of address for an adult womanFraulein - a German courtesy title or form of address for an unmarried womanHerr - a German courtesy title or form of address for a manWest Germanic, West Germanic language - a branch of the Germanic languagesOld High German - High German prior to 1200Middle High German - High German from 1100 to 1500Yiddish - a dialect of High German including some Hebrew and other words; spoken in Europe as a vernacular by many Jews; written in the Hebrew scriptPennsylvania Dutch - a dialect of High German spoken in parts of Pennsylvania and MarylandDeutschland, FRG, Germany, Federal Republic of Germany - a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990 | | Adj. | 1. | German - of or pertaining to or characteristic of Germany or its people or language; "German philosophers"; "German universities"; "German literature" |
German nounRelated words
prefixes Germano-, Teuto-Translationsgerman → 德国人zhCN, 德国的zhCN, 德语zhCN| German EN-UKEN-GB-P0041030 EN-USEN-US-P0041030 | PT-PTPT-PT-P0041030 → 德语 ZH-CNZH-CN-P0041030 |
german
(some score) from the East German judgeAn imaginary and exaggeratedly low score for some event, action, statement, or attempt deemed to be a failure or inadequate in some way. It is a reference to judges from the former country of East Germany, who were often seen as giving unfairly low scores to competitors from other countries during international sporting events. I'd say that pitiful retort would only get you 2 out of 10 from the East German judges, my friend.See also: east, german, judgeGerman goiterold-fashioned A large distended belly, as might result from heavy consumption of beer; a beer belly. Primarily heard in US, South Africa. I'd like to run a marathon some day, but first I need to do something about this German goiter of mine. The sheriff sported a German goiter so big that his uniform could barely contain it.See also: german, goiterGerman virginIn poker, a starting hand of two nines. So called due to "nine, nine" sounding like the German nein, nein, meaning "no, no." Having been dealt a German virgin right off the bat, I was hoping for a third nine to be laid on the table.See also: german, virginGerman wheelA prop, often featured in circus performances, that looks like a life-size hamster wheel. A performer is positioned in the middle and rotates it. Come to the show, it'll be fun—there will be acrobats, trapeze artists, and people in German wheels!See also: german, wheelMilwaukee goiterold-fashioned slang A particularly large, distended belly, especially as a result of drinking excessive amounts of alcohol; a beer belly. The sheriff of the small town stood a mere five-foot-five, with a Milwaukee goiter so big that it looked as though he hadn't put a bottle down in five years. I always kept in pretty good shape, but after I had kids, I noticed myself starting to get a bit of a Milwaukee goiter.See also: goiterMilwaukee goiter and German goiter (mɪlˈwɔki ˈgoɪdɚ and ˈdʒɚmən ˈgoɪdɚ) n. a beer belly. (Refers to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a major beer-brewing city, and to Germany.) By the time he was twenty-six, he was balding and had a Milwaukee goiter that would tip him over if he turned too fast. If you want to get rid of that German goiter, stop drinking beer! See also: goiterGerman goiter verbSee Milwaukee goiterSee also: german, goiterGerman
German the official language of Germany and Austria and one of the official languages of Switzerland; the native language of approximately 100 million people. It is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch, closely related to English and Dutch. There is considerable diversity of dialects; modern standard German is a development of Old High German, influenced by Martin Luther's translation of the Bible
www.goethe.de/enindex.htmGerman the language of the Germans living in the Federal Republic of Germany (56 million people), the German Democratic Republic (17 million), and West Berlin (2.1 million); of the Austrians (approximately 7 million; 1970, estimate); and of part of the population of Switzerland. It is one of the two official languages of Luxembourg. German is spoken by more than 85 million people. Separate regions with German-speaking populations exist in the USSR, the USA, and several other countries. German belongs to the West Germanic group of Indo-European languages; it is based on the closely related tribal dialects of the Franks, Alamanni (Alemanni), and Bavarians. The history of the German language is divided into three periods: Old High German (eighth through 11th centuries), Middle High German (12th and 13th centuries), and New High German, which is in turn subdivided into Early New High German (14th through 16th centuries), and New High German proper (since the 17th century). A writing system based on the Latin alphabet came into existence in the eighth century. The literature of the Old High German period is primarily clerical; writings from this period contain features of different West Germanic dialects. No common literary language existed during this period. The Middle High German period is represented by a considerable number of clerical and secular literary texts. Twelfth- and 13th-century courtly lyric poetry reveals a tendency toward the unification of the language of the German people based on the Alamannic and East Frankish dialects. In the 15th century, supradialectal tendencies appeared in various local dialects of the language, especially in the Augsburg literary variant (Ge-meindeutsch). The colonization of Slavic and Lithuanian lands east of the Elbe enlarged the area of German language distribution and led to the formation of mixed East Middle German colonial dialects. From the 14th century, German was increasingly used in various written business transactions. The written literary language of the East Middle German region served as the basis for linguistic consolidation, which occurred slowly owing to feudal disunity. From the second half of the 15th century, book printing, begun by J. Gutenberg, played an important role in the formation of a national literary language. In the 16th century, the Reformation and the Peasants’ War intensified the drive toward linguistic unification; M. Luther’s translation of the Bible into German played a significant role in this drive. East Middle German literary norms spread to northern Germany and also influenced the language of the south (Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland) and west. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the standardization of the language continued under the influence of periodical publications and classical German literature. In the late 19th century, the norms for the literary “stage” pronunciation (Bühnendeutsch) were established (to a considerable extent, artificially). The phonological system of the modern German literary language consists of 16 vowel phonemes (seven long closed vowels and seven short open vowels a, e, i, o, ö, u, ü, a long open [∊:], and a reduced [ə]), three diphthongs [ae, ao, cɸ], 19 consonant phonemes, and two affricates [pf, ts]. Vowels at the beginning of a word or root are pronounced with a hard on-glide [’aof]; the voiceless consonants p, t, and k are aspirated. Voiced consonants in final syllable or word position are devoiced. The hard-soft consonant opposition, an important phonological feature of several Slavic languages, does not exist in German. Morphological features include synthetic and analytic methods of expressing grammatical categories and the categories of gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), number (singular and plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative) in the noun system. Gender is marked by the article (sometimes by a derivational suffix), number is marked by an inflectional suffix and the article, and noun case is marked by an article and, in certain instances, also by an inflectional ending. The system of verb conjugation, in which forms are marked for person and number, has six tenses, three moods, and two voices. There are two basic types of conjugation: the weak conjugation, which uses productive inflectional suffixes, and the strong conjugation, in which forms are made by ablaut (there is a limited number of strong verbs). Compounding is a characteristic feature of the noun (for example, Völkerfreundschaft and Volkseigentum). Syntax is characterized by predominantly verbal-type sentences and fixed position of the personal form of the verb. The impersonal part of the predicate usually occupies the final position in an independent sentence (forming, with the personal form, a “framelike” construction) and the next-to-last position in a subordinate clause. The adjectival attribute is also enclosed within the frame formed by the article and noun. Normative differences, chiefly in vocabulary and pronunciation, exist in the modern German literary language of the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Certain regional differences have been preserved in the spoken language; these differences are also reflected in literature. REFERENCESGukhman, M. M. Ot iazyka nemetskoi narodnosti k nemetskomu natsional’nomu iazyku, parts 1–2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1955–59.
Zhirmunskii, V. M. Nemetskaia dialektologiia. Moscow-Leningrad, 1956.
Zhirmunskii, V. M. Istoriia nemetskogo iazyka, 5th ed. Moscow, 1965.
Brinkmann, H. Die deutsche Sprache: Gestalt und Leistung, 2nd ed. Düsseldorf, 1971.
Fleischer, W. Wortbildung der deutschen Gegenwartssprache, 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1971.
Admoni, W. G. Der deutsche Sprachbau, 3rd ed. Berlin, 1972.
Der Grosse Duden. Mannheim, 1962.
Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. vols. 1–4. Berlin, 1961–72.
Wörterbuch der deutschen Aussprache. Leipzig, 1964.B. A. ABRAMOV and N. N. SEMENIUK German (human language)\\j*r'mn\\ A human language written (in latinalphabet) and spoken in Germany, Austria and parts ofSwitzerland.
German writing normally uses four non-ASCII characters:"????", the first three have "umlauts" (two dots over thetop): A O and U and the last is a double-S ("scharfes S")which looks like the Greek letter beta (except in capitalisedwords where it should be written "SS"). These can be writtenin ASCII in several ways, the most common are ae, oe ue AE OEUE ss or sz and the TeX versions "a "o "u "A "O "U "s.
See also ABEND, blinkenlights, DAU, DIN, gedanken,GMD, kluge.
Usenet newsgroup: news:soc.culture.german.ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/news-info/soc.answers/german-faq,ftp://alice.fmi.uni-passau.de/pub/dictionaries/german.dat.Z.German
Related to German: GermanyGERMAN, relations, germanus. Whole or entire, as respects genealogy or descent; thus, "brother-german," denotes one who is brother both by the father and mother's side cousins-germane" those in the first and nearest degree, i. e., children of brothers or sisters. Tech. Dict.; 4 M. & C. 56. German
Related to German: GermanySynonyms for Germannoun a person of German nationalityRelated Words- Deutschland
- FRG
- Germany
- Federal Republic of Germany
- European
- Teuton
- East German
- Boche
- Jerry
- Kraut
- Krauthead
- Hun
- Berliner
- Prussian
- Bavarian
noun the standard German languageSynonyms- German language
- High German
Related Words- Frau
- Fraulein
- Herr
- West Germanic
- West Germanic language
- Old High German
- Middle High German
- Yiddish
- Pennsylvania Dutch
- Deutschland
- FRG
- Germany
- Federal Republic of Germany
|