Giovanni Battista Martini

(Padre Martini). Born Apr. 24, 1706, in Bologna; died there Oct. 4, 1784. Italian music theorist and historian, teacher, composer, choir director, singer, violinist, and harpsichordist. Franciscan monk.

Martini was a member and director of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. His principal theoretical work is Pattern, or Fundamental Practical Outline of Counterpoint (vols. 1-2, 1774-75). He wrote the History of Music (vols. 1-3, 1757-81), the first such work. His history deals only with ancient Greek and Roman music. Martini composed oratorios, works for organ and for harpsichord, vocal duets, and choruses with instrumental accompaniment. The musical world of 18th-century Italy centered on Martini. The conservatory and city library in Bologna are named after him.