GNU Free Documentation License
GNU Free Documentation License
(legal)This dictionary is distributed under the GFDL, see thecopyright notice in the Free On-line Dictionary of Computingsection (at the start of the source file). The full textfollows.
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copiesof this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, orother written document "free" in the sense of freedom: toassure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistributeit, with or without modifying it, either commercially ornoncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for theauthor and publisher a way to get credit for their work, whilenot being considered responsible for modifications made byothers.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means thatderivative works of the document must themselves be free inthe same sense. It complements the GNU General PublicLicense, which is a copyleft license designed for freesoftware.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manualsfor free software, because free software needs freedocumentation: a free program should come with manualsproviding the same freedoms that the software does. But thisLicense is not limited to software manuals; it can be used forany textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether itis published as a printed book. We recommend this Licenseprincipally for works whose purpose is instruction orreference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that containsa notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can bedistributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of thepublic is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containingthe Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, orwith modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-mattersection of the Document that deals exclusively with therelationship of the publishers or authors of the Document tothe Document's overall subject (or to related matters) andcontains nothing that could fall directly within that overallsubject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbookof mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain anymathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historicalconnection with the subject or with related matters, or oflegal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or politicalposition regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whosetitles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,in the notice that says that the Document is released underthis License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that arelisted, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in thenotice that says that the Document is released under thisLicense.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readablecopy, represented in a format whose specification is availableto the general public, whose contents can be viewed and editeddirectly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or(for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (fordrawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that issuitable for input to text formatters or for automatictranslation to a variety of formats suitable for input to textformatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent fileformat whose markup has been designed to thwart or discouragesubsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copythat is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies includeplain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX inputformat, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, andstandard-conforming simple HTML designed for humanmodification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,proprietary formats that can be read and edited only byproprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTDand/or processing tools are not generally available, and themachine-generated HTML produced by some word processors foroutput purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title pageitself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,legibly, the material this License requires to appear in thetitle page. For works in formats which do not have any titlepage as such, "Title Page" means the text near the mostprominent appearance of the work's title, preceding thebeginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, eithercommercially or noncommercially, provided that this License,the copyright notices, and the license notice saying thisLicense applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies,and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those ofthis License. You may not use technical measures to obstructor control the reading or further copying of the copies youmake or distribute. However, you may accept compensation inexchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough numberof copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions statedabove, and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering morethan 100, and the Document's license notice requires CoverTexts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Textson the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as thepublisher of these copies. The front cover must present thefull title with all words of the title equally prominent andvisible. You may add other material on the covers inaddition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as longas they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy theseconditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in otherrespects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous tofit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many asfit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the restonto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Documentnumbering more than 100, you must either include amachine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy,or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessiblecomputer-network location containing a complete Transparentcopy of the Document, free of added material, which thegeneral network-using public has access to downloadanonymously at no charge using public-standard networkprotocols. If you use the latter option, you must takereasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution ofOpaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparentcopy will remain thus accessible at the stated location untilat least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaquecopy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of thatedition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact theauthors of the Document well before redistributing any largenumber of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with anupdated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Documentunder the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided thatyou release the Modified Version under precisely this License,with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document,thus licensing distribution and modification of the ModifiedVersion to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, youmust do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a titledistinct from that of the Document, and from those of previousversions (which should, if there were any, be listed in theHistory section of the Document). You may use the same titleas a previous version if the original publisher of thatversion gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons orentities responsible for authorship of the modifications inthe Modified Version, together with at least five of theprincipal authors of the Document (all of its principalauthors, if it has less than five).
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of theModified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modificationsadjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a licensenotice giving the public permission to use the ModifiedVersion under the terms of this License, in the form shown inthe Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of InvariantSections and required Cover Texts given in the Document'slicense notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, andadd to it an item stating at least the title, year, newauthors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on theTitle Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in theDocument, create one stating the title, year, authors, andpublisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then addan item describing the Modified Version as stated in theprevious sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in theDocument for public access to a Transparent copy of theDocument, and likewise the network locations given in theDocument for previous versions it was based on. These may beplaced in the "History" section. You may omit a networklocation for a work that was published at least four yearsbefore the Document itself, or if the original publisher ofthe version it refers to gives permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or"Dedications", preserve the section's title, and preserve inthe section all the substance and tone of each of thecontributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbersor the equivalent are not considered part of the sectiontitles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a sectionmay not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or toconflict in title with any Invariant Section. If the ModifiedVersion includes new front-matter sections or appendices thatqualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copiedfrom the Document, you may at your option designate some orall of these sections as invariant. To do this, add theirtitles to the list of Invariant Sections in the ModifiedVersion's license notice. These titles must be distinct fromany other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided itcontains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version byvarious parties--for example, statements of peer review orthat the text has been approved by an organization as theauthoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-CoverText, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, tothe end of the list of Cover Texts in the ModifiedVersion. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one ofBack-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements madeby) any one entity. If the Document already includes a covertext for the same cover, previously added by you or byarrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalfof, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one,on explicit permission from the previous publisher that addedthe old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by thisLicense give permission to use their names for publicity foror to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents releasedunder this License, under the terms defined in section 4 abovefor modified versions, provided that you include in thecombination all of the Invariant Sections of all of theoriginal documents, unmodified, and list them all as InvariantSections of your combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced witha single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections withthe same name but different contents, make the title of eachsuch section unique by adding at the end of it, inparentheses, the name of the original author or publisher ofthat section if known, or else a unique number. Make the sameadjustment to the section titles in the list of InvariantSections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled"History" in the various original documents, forming onesection entitled "History"; likewise combine any sectionsentitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled"Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled"Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and otherdocuments released under this License, and replace theindividual copies of this License in the various documentswith a single copy that is included in the collection,provided that you follow the rules of this License forverbatim copying of each of the documents in all otherrespects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, anddistribute it individually under this License, provided youinsert a copy of this License into the extracted document, andfollow this License in all other respects regarding verbatimcopying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with otherseparate and independent documents or works, in or on a volumeof a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole countas a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilationcopyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilationis called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply tothe other self-contained works thus compiled with theDocument, on account of their being thus compiled, if they arenot themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable tothese copies of the Document, then if the Document is lessthan one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's CoverTexts may be placed on covers that surround only the Documentwithin the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on coversaround the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you maydistribute translations of the Document under the terms ofsection 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translationsrequires special permission from their copyright holders, butyou may include translations of some or all Invariant Sectionsin addition to the original versions of these InvariantSections. You may include a translation of this Licenseprovided that you also include the original English version ofthis License. In case of a disagreement between thetranslation and the original English version of this License,the original English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute theDocument except as expressly provided for under thisLicense. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense ordistribute the Document is void, and will automaticallyterminate your rights under this License. However, parties whohave received copies, or rights, from you under this Licensewill not have their licenses terminated so long as suchparties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versionsof the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Suchnew versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.See here.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing versionnumber. If the Document specifies that a particular numberedversion of this License "or any later version" applies to it,you have the option of following the terms and conditionseither of that specified version or of any later version thathas been published (not as a draft) by the Free SoftwareFoundation. If the Document does not specify a version numberof this License, you may choose any version ever published(not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
End of full text of GFDL.