单词 | gonorrheal |
释义 | gonorrhealenUKgon·or·rhe·aG0191000 (gŏn′ə-rē′ə)gonorrhealenUKgon·or·rhe·al(gon'ō-rē'ăl),gon·or·rhe·al(gon'ŏr-ē'ăl)Synonym(s): gonorrhoeal. gonorrhea(gon?o-re'a) [ gono- + -rrhea]SymptomsUrethral symptoms in men typically include discomfort with urination (dysuria) accompanied by a yellow, mucopurulent penile discharge. Painful induration of the penis may occur in some cases. Women may have urethral or vaginal, greenish-yellow discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency, lower abdominal pain, tender Skene and Bartholin glands, or fever, dyspareunia, and other symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Most women are asymptomatic. DiagnosisIn men, Gram stain of the urethral discharge is very accurate in diagnosing gonorrhea. In both men and women, urethral, cervical, or anal swabs, or urinary specimes are typically tested with nucleic acid testing that detects genetic sequences unique to the bacteria. Single specimens can be used to identify infections with gonorrhea and/or Chlamydia simultaneously. ProphylaxisSafe sexual practices limit the spread of gonorrhea and have decreased the incidence of the disease. To prevent gonorrhea in newborns, all babies are treated with a thin ribbon of either erythromycin or tetracycline ointment in the conjunctival sac of each eye. See: ophthalmia neonatorum TreatmentGonorrhea can be treated with cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone, cefixime or cefpodoxime) or fluoroquinolones, although bacteria have evolved that are resistant to many of these antibiotics. Chlamydia coinfection is typical and is usually treated with doxycycline. For pregnant women and for those allergic to penicillin, a single dose of ceftriaxone and erythromycin is recommended (doxycycline is contraindicated in pregnancy). Patients should return for a follow-up visit 1 week after treatment for recheck of cultures to confirm that a cure has been effective. Updates on the treatment of gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections are available at www.cdc.gov/std. Patient careAntibiotics should be taken as prescribed and, if more than one dose is needed, the full course of therapy completed. Moist heat or sitz baths should be taken as directed to relieve discomfort. The patient should avoid contact with his or her genitourinary discharges and wash hands carefully so that the eyes do not become contaminated. Until a course of treatment and follow-up cultures are completed, the patient should abstain from sexual intercourse because he or she may still be infectious and able to transmit the infection. The patient is taught to recognize and report adverse drug reactions. The need for testing for other sexually transmitted diseases is discussed, as well as prevention of future infections (using condoms, washing genitalia with soap and water preintercourse and postintercourse, avoiding sharing washcloths) and the importance of follow-up testing. All persons with whom the patient has had sexual contact should be tested and receive treatment, even if a culture is negative. The patient and known sexual contacts are reported to the local and public health department for appropriate follow-up. |
随便看 |
|
英语词典包含2567994条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。