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单词 fullerene
释义

fullerene


ful·ler·ene

F0357250 (fo͝ol′ə-rēn′)n. An allotrope of carbon composed of any of various cagelike molecules that consist only of an even number of carbon atoms, are often spherical in shape, and are composed of hexagonal and pentagonal groups of atoms.
[After Richard Buckminster Fuller (from the resemblance of their configurations to his geodesic domes) + -ene.]

fullerene

(ˈfʊləˌriːn) n (Elements & Compounds) any of various carbon molecules with a polyhedral structure similar to that of buckminsterfullerene, such as C70, C76, and C84. See also buckminsterfullerene

ful•ler•ene

(ˈfʊl əˌrin)
n. any of a class of large carbon molecules consisting of a roughly spherical shell. [1985–90; after R. Buckminster Fuller]
Thesaurus
Noun1.fullerene - a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atomschemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactionsbuckminsterfullerene, buckyball - a spheroidal fullerene; the first known example of a fullerenecarbon nanotube, nanotube - a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shapeatomic number 6, carbon, C - an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds
Translations

fullerene


fullerene,

any of a class of carboncarbon
[Lat.,=charcoal], nonmetallic chemical element; symbol C; at. no. 6; interval in which at. wt. ranges 12.0096–12.0116; m.p. about 3,550&degC;; graphite sublimes about 3,375&degC;; b.p. 4,827&degC;; sp. gr. 1.8–2.1 (amorphous), 1.9–2.3 (graphite), 3.
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 molecules in which the carbon atoms are arranged into 12 pentagonal faces and 2 or more hexagonal faces to form a hollow sphere, cylinder, or similar figure. The smallest possible fullerene molecule may have as few as 32 atoms of carbon, although fullerenelike molecules (lacking a hexagonal face) with as few as 20 carbon atoms have been found.

The most common and most stable fullerene is buckminsterfullerenebuckminsterfullerene
or buckyball,
C60, hollow cage carbon molecule named for R. Buckminster Fuller because of the resemblance of its molecular structure to his geodesic domes.
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, a spheroidal molecule, resembling a soccer ball, consisting of 60 carbon atoms. Buckminsterfullerene is the most abundant cluster of carbon atoms found in carbon soot. It is also the smallest carbon molecule whose pentagonal faces are isolated from each other. Other fullerenes that have been produced in macroscopic amounts have 70, 76, 84, 90, and 96 carbon atoms, and much larger fullerenes have been found, such as those that contain 180, 190, 240, and 540 carbon atoms.

Fullerenes were first identified in 1985 as products of experiments in which graphite was vaporized using a laser, work for which R. F. Curl, Jr., R. E. Smally, and H. W. Kroto shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fullerenes have since been discovered in nature as a result of lightning strikes, in the residue produced by carbon arc lamps, in interstellar dust, and in meteorites.

Fullerene chemistry involves substituting metal atoms for one or more carbon atoms in the molecule to produce compounds called fullerides. Among these are conducting films of alkali metal-doped fullerenes and superconductors (potassium-doped Tc 18&degK;, rubidium-doped Tc 30&degK;). Fullerenes also have been used to produce tiny diamonds and thin diamond films. Fullerene research is expected to lead to new materials, lubricants, coatings, catalysts, electro-optical devices, and medical applications.

Bibliography

See M. S. Dresselhaus et al., Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (1996); H. W. Kroto, The Fullerenes: New Horizons for the Chemistry, Physics, and Astrophysics of Carbon (1997); R. Taylor, ed., Lecture Notes on Fullerene Chemistry (1999).

fullerene

[′fu̇l·ə‚rēn] (chemistry) A large molecule composed entirely of carbon, with the chemical formula Cn , where n is any even number from 32 to over 100; believed to have the structure of a hollow spheroidal cage with a surface network of carbon atoms connected in hexagonal and pentagonal rings.

fullerene


  • noun

Words related to fullerene

noun a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms

Related Words

  • chemical science
  • chemistry
  • buckminsterfullerene
  • buckyball
  • carbon nanotube
  • nanotube
  • atomic number 6
  • carbon
  • C
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