acute renal failure
| Noun | 1. |  acute renal failure - renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract |
| 单词 | acute renal failure | |||
| 释义 | acute renal failure
acute renal failureacute renal failureAn abrupt decline in renal function, marked by a rise in serum creatinine or azotemia, triggered by various processes—e.g., sepsis, shock, trauma, kidney stones, drug toxicity (aspirin, lithium, substances of abuse), toxins, iodinated radiocontrast.Clinical findings • Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest occur in up to 35% of patients with ARF. The elderly with low cardiac reserve are at risk of fluid overload secondary to oliguric ARF. • Pulmonary Lung disease occurs in over half of patients with ARF and may be linked to shared pulmonary and renal syndromes—e.g., Goodpasture syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, cryoglobulinemia, sarcoidosis. Hypoxia is common during hemodialysis and attributed to white cell sequestration by the lungs and alveolar hypoventilation. • GI tract Nausea, vomiting, anorexia; GI bleeding occurs in ± one third of patients with ARF and causes nearly 10% of deaths in patients with ARF. Other GI complaints include pancreatitis, jaundice linked to hepatic congestion, blood transfusions, and sepsis. • Infections Occur in up to 33% of patients with ARF; most occur in the lungs and urinary tract, and have mortality rates of up to 72%. • Neurologic signs of uraemia occur in one-third of ARF patients, and have the expected findings of lethargy, somnolence, reversal of the sleep-wake cycle, and cognitive or memory deficits. Types • Prerenal—adaptive response to volume depletion and hypotension. • Renal/intrinsic—response to cytotoxicity, ischaemia, or inflammation with structural and functional damage to the renal parenchyma. • Postrenal—obstruction to the passage of urine. Acute renal failure by type Crescentic GN—renal vasculitis, anti-GBM disease, immune complex diseases. Acute tubular injury—ischaemic, toxic, crystals, myoglobinuria Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Thrombotic microangiopathy—haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, accelerated hypertension, scleroderma. acute renal failureAcute kidney failure Nephrology An abrupt decline in renal function, triggered by various processes–eg, sepsis, shock, trauma, kidney stones, drug toxicity-aspirin, lithium, substances of abuse, toxins, iodinated radiocontrast. Cf Chronic kidney failure.a·cute re·nal fail·ure(ARF) (ă-kyūt' rē'năl fāl'yŭr)See ARF acute renal failure
Synonyms for acute renal failure
|
|||
| 随便看 |
|
英语词典包含2567994条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。