| 释义 |
gall
gall 1 G0016800 (gôl)n.1. Outrageous insolence; effrontery: After borrowing my car, he had the gall to complain about its seats.2. a. Bitterness of feeling; rancor.b. Something bitter to endure: the gall of defeat.3. See bile.
[Middle English galle, gallbladder, bile, courage, from Old English gealla, galla, bile; see ghel- in Indo-European roots.]
gall 2 G0016800 (gôl)n.1. A skin sore caused by friction and abrasion: a saddle gall.2. a. Exasperation; vexation.b. The cause of such vexation.v. galled, gall·ing, galls v.tr.1. To irk or exasperate; vex: It galled me to have to wait outside.2. To wear away or make sore by abrasion; chafe:v.intr. To become worn or sore by abrasion.
[Middle English galle, from Old English gealla, possibly from Latin galla, nutgall.]
gall 3 G0016800 (gôl)n. An abnormal growth of plant tissue caused by an organism, such as an insect, mite, or bacterium, or by a wound.
[Middle English galle, from Old French, from Latin galla, nutgall.]gall (ɡɔːl) n1. informal impudence2. bitterness; rancour3. something bitter or disagreeable4. (Physiology) physiol an obsolete term for bile15. (Anatomy) an obsolete term for gallbladder[from Old Norse, replacing Old English gealla; related to Old High German galla, Greek kholē]
gall (ɡɔːl) n1. (Pathology) a sore on the skin caused by chafing2. something that causes vexation or annoyance: a gall to the spirits. 3. irritation; exasperationvb4. (Pathology) pathol to abrade (the skin, etc) as by rubbing5. (tr) to irritate or annoy; vex[C14: of Germanic origin; related to Old English gealla sore on a horse, and perhaps to gall1]
gall (ɡɔːl) n (Plant Pathology) an abnormal outgrowth in plant tissue caused by certain parasitic insects, fungi, bacteria, or mechanical injury[C14: from Old French galle, from Latin galla]gall1 (gɔl)
n. 1. audacity; impudence; effrontery. 2. bile (def. 1). 3. something bitter or severe. 4. bitterness of spirit; rancor. [before 900; Old English galla, gealla, c. Old High German galla; akin to Latin fel, Greek cholḗ gall, bile] gall2 (gɔl)
v.t. 1. to make sore by rubbing; chafe severely: The saddle galled the horse's back. 2. to irritate greatly: An arrogant manner galls me. v.i. 3. to be or become chafed. n. 4. a sore on the skin, esp. of a horse, due to rubbing. 5. something very vexing or irritating. 6. a state of vexation or irritation. [before 1000; Middle English galle, perhaps < Middle Dutch, Middle Low German gall, akin to Old English gealla sore on a horse] gall3 (gɔl)
n. any abnormal outgrowth or swelling in a plant, as from viral damage, insect egg deposits, or chemical irritants. [1350–1400; Middle English galle < Middle French < Latin galla gallnut. See gall2] gall (gôl) An abnormal swelling of plant tissue, caused by insects, microorganisms, or injury.gall - As in gallbladder, it refers to a secretion of the liver or to bile.See also related terms for secretion.gall
Past participle: galled
Gerund: galling
| Present |
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| I gall | | you gall | | he/she/it galls | | we gall | | you gall | | they gall |
| Preterite |
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| I galled | | you galled | | he/she/it galled | | we galled | | you galled | | they galled |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am galling | | you are galling | | he/she/it is galling | | we are galling | | you are galling | | they are galling |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have galled | | you have galled | | he/she/it has galled | | we have galled | | you have galled | | they have galled |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was galling | | you were galling | | he/she/it was galling | | we were galling | | you were galling | | they were galling |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had galled | | you had galled | | he/she/it had galled | | we had galled | | you had galled | | they had galled |
| Future |
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| I will gall | | you will gall | | he/she/it will gall | | we will gall | | you will gall | | they will gall |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have galled | | you will have galled | | he/she/it will have galled | | we will have galled | | you will have galled | | they will have galled |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be galling | | you will be galling | | he/she/it will be galling | | we will be galling | | you will be galling | | they will be galling |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been galling | | you have been galling | | he/she/it has been galling | | we have been galling | | you have been galling | | they have been galling |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been galling | | you will have been galling | | he/she/it will have been galling | | we will have been galling | | you will have been galling | | they will have been galling |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been galling | | you had been galling | | he/she/it had been galling | | we had been galling | | you had been galling | | they had been galling |
| Conditional |
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| I would gall | | you would gall | | he/she/it would gall | | we would gall | | you would gall | | they would gall |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have galled | | you would have galled | | he/she/it would have galled | | we would have galled | | you would have galled | | they would have galled |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | gall - an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddlesaddle soreanimal disease - a disease that typically does not affect human beings | | 2. | gall - a skin sore caused by chafingsore - an open skin infectionsaddle sore - sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle | | 3. | gall - abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injuryplant tissue - the tissue of a plantoak apple - oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp | | 4. |  gall - a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-willbitterness, rancor, rancour, resentmentill will, enmity, hostility - the feeling of a hostile person; "he could no longer contain his hostility"heartburning - intense resentment; "his promotion caused much heartburning among his rivals"huffishness, sulkiness - a feeling of sulky resentmentgrievance, grudge, score - a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation; "holding a grudge"; "settling a score"enviousness, envy - a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another | | 5. |  gall - a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fatsbiledigestive fluid, digestive juice - secretions that aid digestion | | 6. | gall - the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take libertiescheekiness, insolence, impertinence, impudence, crust, freshnessrudeness, discourtesy - a manner that is rude and insultingchutzpa, chutzpah, hutzpah - (Yiddish) unbelievable gall; insolence; audacity | | Verb | 1. | gall - become or make sore by or as if by rubbingchafe, fretirritate - excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame; "Aspirin irritates my stomach" | | 2. | gall - irritate or vex; "It galls me that we lost the suit"irkanger - make angry; "The news angered him" |
gallverb1. annoy, provoke, irritate, aggravate (informal), get (informal), trouble, bother, disturb, plague, madden, ruffle, exasperate, nettle, vex, displease, irk, rile (informal), peeve (informal), get under your skin (informal), get on your nerves (informal), nark (Brit., Austral., & N.Z. slang), get up your nose (informal), give someone grief (Brit. & S. African), make your blood boil, piss you off (taboo slang), rub up the wrong way, get on your wick (Brit. slang), get your back up, put your back up It was their smugness that galled her most.noun1. growth, lump, excrescence The mites live within the galls that are formed on the plant.gall 1noun1. The quality or state of feeling bitter:acrimony, bitterness, embitterment, rancor, rancorousness, resentfulness, resentment, virulence, virulency.2. The state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confident:assumption, audaciousness, audacity, boldness, brashness, brazenness, cheek, cheekiness, chutzpah, discourtesy, disrespect, effrontery, face, familiarity, forwardness, impertinence, impudence, impudency, incivility, insolence, nerve, nerviness, overconfidence, pertness, presumptuousness, pushiness, rudeness, sassiness, sauciness.Informal: brass, crust, sauce, uppishness, uppityness.
gall 2verb1. To make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction:abrade, chafe, excoriate, fret, irritate.2. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations:aggravate, annoy, bother, bug, chafe, disturb, exasperate, fret, get, irk, irritate, nettle, peeve, provoke, put out, rile, ruffle, vex.Idioms: get in one's hair, get on one's nerves, get under one's skin.Translationsgall (goːl) noun1. a bitter liquid which is stored in the gall bladder. 膽汁 胆汁2. impudence. He had the gall to say he was my friend after being so rude to me. 厚顏無恥 厚颜无耻 verb to annoy (a person) very much. It galls me to think that he is earning so much money. 令人惱怒 令人恼怒gall bladder an organ of the body attached to the liver, in which gall is stored. 膽囊 胆囊ˈgallstone noun a small hard object that is sometimes formed in the gall bladder. 膽石 胆石gall
gall and wormwoodStrong feelings of bitterness and resentment. ("Gall" is bile and "wormwood" is a bitter plant.) Ever since I lost the election for school president, I only feel gall and wormwood when I think of my unworthy opponent.See also: and, gall, wormwooddip (one's) pen in gallTo write something that conveys one's animosity, anger, or malice. The critic must have dipped his pen in gall before writing that very negative review.See also: dip, gall, penwormwood and gallBitterness, resentment, disappointment, or humiliation; a figurative source of such feelings. Let me tell you, the life of a book publisher is full of wormwood and gall these days. My aunt relished cruel, embittered opinions on people and the world, seeming to prefer feasting on wormwood and gall than the many joys life brings.See also: and, gall, wormwoodhave the gall to (do something)To be bold and brazen enough to do something. I can't believe that intern had the gall to ask for a week off on her first day. A: "I can't believe their coach had the gall to pull the goalie with so much time left." B: "Yeah, but if they tie the score, he'll look like a genius."See also: gall, havehave the gall to do somethingFig. to have sufficient arrogance to do something. I bet you don't have the gall to argue with the mayor. Only Jane has the gall to ask the boss for a second raise this month.See also: gall, havedip your pen in gall write unpleasantly or spitefully. Gall is another word for bile, the bitter secretion of the liver; it is used in many places in the Bible as a metaphor for bitterness or affliction. See also wormwood and gall (at wormwood).See also: dip, gall, penwormwood and gall a source of bitter mortification and grief. literary Gall is bile, a substance secreted by the liver and proverbial for its bitterness, while wormwood is an aromatic plant with a bitter taste. The expression originated in reference to various passages in the Bible, for example Lamentations 3:19: ‘Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall’.See also: and, gall, wormwoodunmitigated gallAbsolute impudence, out-and-out effrontery. The use of gall, which strictly speaking means the liver’s secretion, or bile, and its extension to bitterness of any kind, dates from about a.d. 1000. In late nineteenth-century America, however, it began to be used in the sense of “nerve” or “brazenness.” Its frequent pairing with unmitigated, meaning “unmodified” or “intense,” occurred in the twentieth century.See also: gallgall
Gall (gôl), c.1840–1894, war chief of the Sioux, b. South Dakota. He refused to accept the treaty of 1868 (by which he would have been confined to a reservation), joined Sitting BullSitting Bull,
c.1831–1890, Native American chief and spiritual leader, Sioux leader in the battle of the Little Bighorn. He rose to prominence in the Sioux warfare against the whites and the resistance of the Native Americans under his leadership to forced settlement on a
..... Click the link for more information. and other dissident chiefs, and was the chief military lieutenant of Sitting Bull in the great defeat of George Armstrong Custer in the battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. He retreated to Canada but, after a quarrel with Sitting Bull about returning to their former lands, returned and surrendered at Poplar, Mont. He became a farmer on the reservation and with his friend James McLaughlin, the Indian agent, did much to improve relations between Native Americans and whites. Bibliography See T. B. Marquis, Sitting Bull and Gall (1934).
gall, abnormal growth, or hypertrophy, of plant tissue produced by chemical or mechanical (e.g., the rubbing together of two branches) irritants or hormones. Chemical irritants are released by parasitic fungi, bacteria, nematode worms, gall insects, and mites. Crown gall, which attacks peach and other fruit trees, grapes, and roses, is caused by bacteria. Despite its name (the crown is the head of foliage), the tumorous growths usually occur on the stem below ground level. The gall insects (e.g., certain aphids, wasps, moths, beetles, and midges) deposit their eggs in the plant tissues, which begin to swell as the larvae hatch. Sometimes the larvae feed on the gall and pupate within it. The irritant is released by the female at the time of oviposition or by the developing larva itself. Each species of gall insect has its favorite host and forms galls of a characteristic shape; some are large and woody and others may be soft, knobby, or spiny. They may be formed on any part of a plant but generally occur in areas where cells are actively growing. In the United States, Galls are commonly seen on oak and willow trees and on rose bushes, goldenrod, and witch hazel. The Hessian fly, the wheat midge, and the mites and midges that attack fruit trees are the most damaging economically of the gall insects. Galls are rich in resins and tannic acid and have been used in the manufacture of permanent inks and astringent ointments, in dyeing, and in tanning. A high-quality ink has long been made from the Aleppo gall, found on oaks in the Middle East; it is one of a number of galls resembling nuts and called gallnuts or nutgalls.gall[gȯl] (medicine) A sore on the skin that is caused by chafing. (metallurgy) Damage to metal surfaces resulting from friction and improper lubrication. (physiology) bile (plant pathology) A large swelling on plant tissues caused by the invasion of parasites, such as fungi or bacteria, following puncture by an insect; insect oviposit and larvae of insects are found in galls. gallUnusual growth of plant tissues; a result of the introduction of a foreign substance such as a chemical or fungus, or a result of mechanical injury.compressor blade damage Various types of damages that compressor blades can sustain. Only one or two may take place simultaneously though these have been combined in this illustration.The various types of damages to compressor blades and their appearances are as follows:
i. Bend. The blade gives the appearance of ragged edges. Smooth repair of the edges or surface in question can be carried out, but the extent of the damage that can be repaired is limited.
ii. Bow. The main source of this type of damage is a foreign object. The blade is bent at the tips and the edges.
iii. Burning. The damage is caused by overheating. The surface of the blade is discolored. If the overheating is severe, there may be some flow of material as well.
iv. burr. A ragged or turn-out edge is indicative of this type of damage. This takes place during the grinding or cutting operation of the blade at the manufacturing stage.
v. corrosion. Oxidants and corrosive agents, especially moisture present in the atmosphere, are the main reasons for the corrosion or pitting of the blades. Normally, regular washing is sufficient to prevent it. The blade gives a pitted appearance, and there is some breakdown of the surface of the blade. Also called pitting.
vi. Cracks. Excessive stress from shocks, overloading, or faulty processing of blades during manufacturing can cause cracks and result in their fracture.
vii. Dent. These can be caused by FOD (foreign-object damage) or strikes by dull objects like those in bird strikes. Minor dents can be repaired.
viii. Gall. This type of damage is from the severe rubbing of blades, in which a transfer of metal from one surface to another takes place.
ix. Gouging. The blade gives the appearance of displacing material from its surface, and a tearing effect is prominently visible. This type of damage is from the presence of a comparatively large cutting material or foreign body between moving parts.
x. Growth. The damage manifests itself in the form of elongation of the blades. Growth type of damage takes place because of continued and/or excessive heat and centrifugal force.
xi. Score. Deep scratches are indicative of scoring, which is caused by the presence of chips between surfaces.
xii. Scratch. Narrow and shallow scratches are caused by sand or fine foreign particles as well as by mishandling the blades.
xiii. Pitting. Pitting takes place because of atmospheric corrosion, especially seawater. The surface of the blade shows signs of pitting.gallsponge soaked with it given to crucified Jesus. [N.T.: Matthew 26:48]See: Passion of Christgall a sore on the skin caused by chafing gall
bile [bīl] a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. It is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder, and is poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts when needed for digestion. Bile helps in alkalinizing the intestinal contents and plays a role in the emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fat; its chief constituents are conjugated bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid, bilirubin, and electrolytes. The bile salts emulsify fats by breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones so that they can be acted on by the fat-splitting enzymes of the intestine and pancreas. A healthy liver produces bile according to the body's needs and does not require stimulation by drugs. Infection or disease of the liver, inflammation of the gallbladder, or the presence of gallstones can interfere with the flow of bile.bile acids steroid acids derived from cholesterol; classified as primary, those synthesized in the liver, e.g., cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, or secondary, those produced from primary bile acids by intestinal bacteria and returned to the liver by enterohepatic circulation, e.g., deoxycholic and lithocholic acids.bile ducts the canals or passageways that conduct bile. There are three bile ducts: the hepatic duct drains bile from the liver; the cystic duct is an extension of the gallbladder and conveys bile from the gallbladder. These two ducts may be thought of as branches that drain into the “trunk,” or common bile duct. The common bile duct passes through the wall of the small intestine at the duodenum and joins with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, or ampulla of Vater. At the opening into the small intestine there is a sphincter that automatically controls the flow of bile into the intestine.
The bile ducts may become obstructed by gallstones, benign or malignant tumors, or a severe local infection. Various disorders of the gallbladder or bile ducts are often diagnosed by ultrasonography, radionuclide imaging, and x-ray examination of the gallbladder and bile ducts using a special contrast medium so that these hollow structures can be clearly outlined on the x-ray film.gall (gawl), 1. Synonym(s): bile2. An excoriation or erosion. 3. Synonym(s): nutgall [A.S. gealla] gall 1 (gôl)n. See bile.
gall 2 (gôl)n. A skin sore caused by friction and abrasion: a saddle gall.v. galled, galling, galls v.tr. To wear away or make sore by abrasion; chafe:v.intr. To become worn or sore by abrasion.gall Herbal medicine
Nutgall, a folk remedy and astringent.
Medspeak
An obsolete term for either:
(1) Bile; or
(2) An erosion, excoriation or ulcer.
Vox populi
Cheek, nerve, impertinence, cheekiness, audacity, temerity, presumption, shamelessness, disrespect, bad manners.gall The old term for BILE, but still preserved in the word GALL BLADDER and GALLSTONES.gall an abnormal growth of plant tissue caused by insects, mites, eel worms or fungi.gall (gawl) 1. Synonym(s): bile. 2. An excoriation or erosion. [A.S. gealla]GALL
| Acronym | Definition |
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| GALL➣Gallery | | GALL➣Get a Life Loser | | GALL➣Generic Aging Lessons Learned | | GALL➣Gilbert American Little League (Higley, AZ) |
gall
Synonyms for gallverb annoySynonyms- annoy
- provoke
- irritate
- aggravate
- get
- trouble
- bother
- disturb
- plague
- madden
- ruffle
- exasperate
- nettle
- vex
- displease
- irk
- rile
- peeve
- get under your skin
- get on your nerves
- nark
- get up your nose
- give someone grief
- make your blood boil
- piss you off
- rub up the wrong way
- get on your wick
- get your back up
- put your back up
noun growthSynonymsSynonyms for gallnoun the quality or state of feeling bitterSynonyms- acrimony
- bitterness
- embitterment
- rancor
- rancorousness
- resentfulness
- resentment
- virulence
- virulency
noun the state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confidentSynonyms- assumption
- audaciousness
- audacity
- boldness
- brashness
- brazenness
- cheek
- cheekiness
- chutzpah
- discourtesy
- disrespect
- effrontery
- face
- familiarity
- forwardness
- impertinence
- impudence
- impudency
- incivility
- insolence
- nerve
- nerviness
- overconfidence
- pertness
- presumptuousness
- pushiness
- rudeness
- sassiness
- sauciness
- brass
- crust
- sauce
- uppishness
- uppityness
verb to make (the skin) raw by or as if by frictionSynonyms- abrade
- chafe
- excoriate
- fret
- irritate
verb to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexationsSynonyms- aggravate
- annoy
- bother
- bug
- chafe
- disturb
- exasperate
- fret
- get
- irk
- irritate
- nettle
- peeve
- provoke
- put out
- rile
- ruffle
- vex
Synonyms for gallnoun an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddleSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun a skin sore caused by chafingRelated Wordsnoun abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injuryRelated Wordsnoun a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-willSynonyms- bitterness
- rancor
- rancour
- resentment
Related Words- ill will
- enmity
- hostility
- heartburning
- huffishness
- sulkiness
- grievance
- grudge
- score
- enviousness
- envy
noun a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladderSynonymsRelated Words- digestive fluid
- digestive juice
noun the trait of being rude and impertinentSynonyms- cheekiness
- insolence
- impertinence
- impudence
- crust
- freshness
Related Words- rudeness
- discourtesy
- chutzpa
- chutzpah
- hutzpah
verb become or make sore by or as if by rubbingSynonymsRelated Wordsverb irritate or vexSynonymsRelated Words |