acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

A malignant lymphoproliferative process, which commonly affects children and young adults, affecting ± 1800/year (US); ± 650/year (UK).
Aetiology
ALL has a hereditary component; it is 20-fold increased in patients with Down syndrome; it is linked to benzene exposure, radiation therapy in ankylosing spondylitis.

Clinical findings
Abrupt onset, often ± 3-month history of fatigue, fever, haemorrhage from multiple sites, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly.

Molecular pathology
Most are B cells and express CD19; 60% have karyotypic abnormalities; the most common cytogenetic abnormality is the cryptic t(12;21) translocation, resulting in TEL-AML fusion (25% of cases), followed by the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation, seen in 5% of cases.

Prognosis
90–95% achieve remission; improved cure rate is attributed to prophylaxis for meningeal leukaemia and more intense systemic chemotherapy. The current survival ranges from 20% to 75%.
FAB classification, acute leukaemias
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)
L1—Small monotonous lymphocytes.
L2—Mixed L1- and L3-type lymphocytes.
L3—Large homogeneous blast cells.

单词	acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
释义	DictionarySeeall acute lymphoblastic leukaemia acute lymphoblastic leukaemia A malignant lymphoproliferative process, which commonly affects children and young adults, affecting ± 1800/year (US); ± 650/year (UK). Aetiology ALL has a hereditary component; it is 20-fold increased in patients with Down syndrome; it is linked to benzene exposure, radiation therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical findings Abrupt onset, often ± 3-month history of fatigue, fever, haemorrhage from multiple sites, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly. Molecular pathology Most are B cells and express CD19; 60% have karyotypic abnormalities; the most common cytogenetic abnormality is the cryptic t(12;21) translocation, resulting in TEL-AML fusion (25% of cases), followed by the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation, seen in 5% of cases. Prognosis 90–95% achieve remission; improved cure rate is attributed to prophylaxis for meningeal leukaemia and more intense systemic chemotherapy. The current survival ranges from 20% to 75%. FAB classification, acute leukaemias Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) L1—Small monotonous lymphocytes. L2—Mixed L1- and L3-type lymphocytes. L3—Large homogeneous blast cells. FinancialSeeALLThesaurusSeeacute lymphoblastic leukemia
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