| 单词 | gabapentin | |||
| 释义 | gabapentingab·a·pen·tinG5001550 (găb′ə-pĕn′tn)gabapentin(ˌɡæbəˈpɛntɪn)
gabapentingabapentin[gab″ah-pen´tin]gabapentingabapentin enacarbilPharmacologic class: 1-amino-methyl cyclohexoneacetic acid Therapeutic class: Anticonvulsant Pregnancy risk category C ActionUnknown. Possesses properties resembling those of other anticonvulsants, which appear to stabilize cell membranes by altering cation (sodium, calcium, and potassium) transport, thereby decreasing excitability and suppressing seizure discharge or focus. AvailabilityCapsules: 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg Oral solution: 250 mg/5 ml Tablets: 300 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg Tablets (extended-release): 300 mg, 600 mg Indications and dosages➣ Adjunctive treatment of partial seizures Adults and children older than age 12: Initially, 300 mg P.O. t.i.d. Usual range is 900 to 1,800 mg/day in three divided doses. Children ages 5 to 12: Initially, 10 to 15 mg/kg/day P.O. in three divided doses, titrated upward over 3 days to 25 to 35 mg/kg/day in three divided doses Children ages 3 to 4: Initially, 10 to 15 mg/kg/day P.O. in three divided doses, titrated upward over 3 days to 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses ➣ Postherpetic neuralgia Adults: Initially, 300 mg P.O. as a single dose on day 1; then 600 mg in two divided doses on day 2 and 900 mg in three divided doses on day 3. Then titrate upward as needed to 1,800 mg/day given in three divided doses. Or, titrate to a maximum of 1,800 mg (Gralise) P.O. daily as 300 mg on day 1,600 mg on day 2, 900 mg on days 3 to 6, 1,200 mg on days 7 to 10, 1,500 mg on days 11 to 14, and 1,800 mg on day 15. Or initially, 600 mg (Horizant) P.O. in morning for 3 days; then increase to 600 mg b.i.d. beginning on day 4. ➣ Moderate to severe primary restless legs syndrome Adult: 600 mg (Horizant) P.O. daily with food in evening Dosage adjustment• Renal impairment Off-label uses• Bipolar disorder • Migraine prophylaxis • Tremor associated with multiple sclerosis Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components (other than Horizant) PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • renal insufficiency • creatinine clearance less than 15 ml/minute (Horizant) or less than 30 ml/minute (Gralise), patients on hemodialysis (avoid use) • patients with suicidal thoughts or behavior • elderly patients • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children younger than age 3 (safety not established for partial seizures) • children (safety not established for Horizant) • children younger than age 18 (safety not established for Gralise). Administration• Give with or without food (other than Horizant and Gralise). • Give Gralise and Horizant whole with evening meal. • Administer first dose at bedtime to reduce adverse effects (other than Gralise and Horizant). • Don't give within 2 hours of antacids. • Give daily doses no more than 12 hours apart (other than Gralise and Horizant). • Be aware that seizures may increase in patients with seizure disorders if drug is rapidly discontinued. Withdraw drug gradually over a minimum of 1 week. • Be aware that Gralise and Horizant aren't interchangeable with other forms of gabapentin and safety and effectiveness of Gralise in patients with seizures hasn't been established.  Adverse reactionsCNS: somnolence, headache, drowsiness, anxiety, dizziness, malaise, vertigo, weakness, ataxia, altered reflexes, hyperkinesia, paresthesia, tremor, amnesia, abnormal thinking, difficulty concentrating, hostility, emotional lability, suicidal thoughts or behavior CV: hypertension, peripheral edema EENT: abnormal vision, nystagmus, diplopia, amblyopia, rhinitis, pharyngitis, dry throat GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, anorexia, dry mouth GU: erectile dysfunction Hematologic: leukopenia Musculoskeletal: joint, back, or muscle pain; fractures Respiratory: cough Skin: pruritus, abrasion Other: dental abnormalities, gingivitis, facial edema, increased appetite, weight gain, multiorgan hypersensitivity InteractionsNote: Apply to all forms other than Horizant Drug-drug. Antacids: decreased gabapentin absorption Antihistamines, CNS depressants, sedative-hypnotics: increased risk of CNS depression Hydrocodone: decreased hydrocodone Cmax and area under the curve (AUC), increased gabapentin AUC Morphine: increased gabapentin concentration Drug-diagnostic tests. Urinary protein dipstick test: false-positive result White blood cells (WBCs): decreased count Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased risk of CNS depression Patient monitoringSee Evaluate neurologic status (including observing for emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, or unusual changes in mood or behavior) and motor function. • Assess WBC count. • Monitor blood pressure. See Monitor patients for early signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy (although rash may not present). Discontinue drug if an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms can' be established. Patient teaching• Tell patient he may take with or without food and to take first dose at bedtime to reduce adverse effects (other than Gralise and Horizant). • Tell patient taking Gralise or Horizant to take drug with evening meal, to swallow tablet whole, and not to crush, split, or chew tablets. See Caution patient not to stop taking drug suddenly. Dosage must be tapered to minimize seizure risk. • Instruct patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration, alertness, motor function, and vision. • Tell patient that drug may cause joint pain, muscle aches, or bone pain. Encourage him to discuss activity recommendations and pain management with prescriber. See Advise patient or caregiver to immediately report emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, or unusual changes in mood or behavior. See Instruct patient or caregiver to immediately report early signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as fever or enlarged lymph nodes. • Advise patient not to drink alcohol while taking gabapentin. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and behaviors mentioned above. gabapentin(găb′ə-pĕn′tn)gabapentinNeurontin® Neurology An antiepileptic structural analogue of GABA, which binds to a poorly characterized brain receptor Indications Drug-refractory complex partial seizures, generalized seizures, with/without 2º generalization Adverse effects Vertigo, somnolence, headaches; it has little interaction with other agents. See Convulsion.gabapentinAn analogue of the natural NEUROTRANSMITTER GABA used in the management of certain types or epilepsy. A brand name is Neurontin.Patient discussion about gabapentinQ. I have heard of Gabapentin. It’s really useful for the treatment of acute depressed, manic states.Is it true… I have heard of Gabapentin. It’s really useful for the treatment of acute depressed, manic states and can it also be used to prevent future episodes of mania and depression? Is it true… gabapentin
Synonyms for gabapentin
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