agranulocytosis

a·gran·u·lo·cy·to·sis

A0147500 (ā-grăn′yə-lō-sī-tō′sĭs)n. An acute condition characterized by a marked decrease in circulating granulocytes, especially neutrophils, and often leading to infection. It is usually drug-induced or caused by exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals.

agranulocytosis

(əˌɡrænjʊləʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs) n (Pathology) a serious and sometimes fatal illness characterized by a marked reduction of leucocytes, usually caused by hypersensitivity to certain drugs

a•gran•u•lo•cy•to•sis

(əˌgræn yə loʊ saɪˈtoʊ sɪs)

n. an acute blood disorder characterized by a loss of circulating granulocytes, leading to fever and ulcerations of the mucous membranes. [1925–30]

Thesaurus

Noun

agranulocytosis - an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytesagranulosis, granulocytopeniablood disease, blood disorder - a disease or disorder of the blood

Translations

agranulocytosis

(əgrăn'yəlōsītō`sis), disease in which the production of granulated white blood cells by the bone marrow is impaired. Although the disease may occur spontaneously it is usually induced by exposure to antithyroid drugs, sulfonamides, phenothiazines, chemotherapy, and radiation therapies. Granulocytes protect the body against infectious agents; their depletion results in severe respiratory infections, ulceration of the mouth and colon, high fever, and prostration. These symptoms may occur suddenly or over a period of days or weeks. Penicillin is usually the drug of choice to combat the bacterial invasion. Treatment may require bone marrow transplants to start the production of healthy white blood cells. The fatality rate is high (approaching 80%) in untreated cases, and deaths are common even with antibiotic treatment.

Agranulocytosis

(also, agranulocytic angina), the absence or drastic reduction of granulocytes in the blood. Agranulocytosis may develop during various infectious diseases, avitaminoses, and diseases of the hematic system and as a result of the direct action of chemicals (benzene), drugs (aminopyrine, sulfanilamides, antibiotics, and others), and ionizing radiation on the bone marrow. Sometimes agranulocytosis results from an allergic reaction and the formation of autoantibodies against the leukocytes. Acute agranulocytosis is characterized by general indisposition, fever, and ulcerations of the skin and mucous membranes, especially of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. The number of neutrophils in the blood diminishes. Recurrent agranulocytosis is most often connected with repeated ingestion of certain drugs or repeated contact with certain chemicals; periods of aggravation and improvement alternate during its course. Treatment includes elimination of the causes; blood transfusions; administration of vitamins of the B group (B₂, B₆, B₁₂), hormonal preparations (corticotrophic hormones), and antibiotics; and topical treatment of the ulcerative processes. In especially severe cases, treatment calls for transplanting bone marrow. Prophylaxis involves the isolation of the causative agent and elimination of contact with it.

agranulocytosis

[¦a‚gran·yə·lō‚sī′tō·səs] (medicine) An acute febrile illness, usually resulting from drug hypersensitivity, manifested as severe leukopenia, often with complete disappearance of granulocytes.

agranulocytosis

enUK

agranulocytosis

[a-gran″u-lo-si-to´sis] an acute disease in which there is a dramatic decrease in the production of granulocytes, so that a pronounced neutropenia evolves, leaving the body defenseless against bacterial invasion. A great majority of cases are caused by sensitization to drugs or chemicals that affect the bone marrow and depress the formation of granulocytes. Called also malignant or pernicious leukopenia and idiopathic or malignant neutropenia.Symptoms. The first manifestations are usually produced by a severe infection and include high fever, chills, prostration, and ulcerations of mucous membranes such as in the mouth, rectum, or vagina. Laboratory tests reveal a profound leukopenia (low leukocyte count). Treatment. Treatment is aimed at immediate withdrawal of the drug or chemical causing the disorder, and control of infection. In most cases control can be achieved by the administration of antibiotics. If the bone marrow is not irreparably damaged, the prognosis is good with proper treatment, and the patient will recover as the production of granulocytes resumes. Occasionally the leukocyte-producing tissues are damaged beyond repair and death ensues.infantile genetic agranulocytosis a severe congenital condition of virtual absence of neutrophils from the blood; most patients die of infection before reaching adulthood. Called also congenital neutropenia and Kostmann's syndrome or neutropenia.

a·gran·u·lo·cy·to·sis

(ă-gran'yū-lō-sī-tō'sis), An acute potentially lethal condition characterized by pronounced leukopenia with great reduction in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (frequently to fewer than 500 granulocytes/mm³); infected ulcers are likely to develop in the throat, intestinal tract, and other mucous membranes, as well as in the skin. Synonym(s): agranulocytic angina, angina lymphomatosa, neutropenic angina

agranulocytosis

(ā-grăn′yə-lō-sī-tō′sĭs)n. An acute condition characterized by a marked decrease in circulating granulocytes, especially neutrophils, and often leading to infection. It is usually drug-induced or caused by exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals.

Agranulocytosis

A marked decrease in neutrophils < 500/mm3; it is loosely equivalent to neutropaenia in the working parlance.
Artiology Acquired due to prescription drugs—chloramphenicol, clozapine, nitrous oxide, procainamide, sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics.
Clinical findings Fever, malaise, mucocutaneous ulcers (throat, GI tract, skin).

agranulocytosis

Granulocytopenia, granulopenia Hematology A marked ↓ in PMNs < 500/mm3 Clinical Fever, malaise, mucocutaneous ulcers–throat, GI tract, skin Etiology Acquired due to adverse response to prescription drugs–chloramphenicol, clozapine, nitrous oxide, procainamide, sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics. See Infantile genetic agranulocytosis.

a·gran·u·lo·cy·to·sis

(ā'gran'yŭ-lō-sī-tō'sis) An acute condition characterized by pronounced leukopenia; infected ulcers are likely to develop in the throat, intestinal tract, and other mucous membranes, as well as in the skin. Condition is an immunocompromised state.

agranulocytosis

A condition in which the white cells of the blood are not being produced in adequate quantity by the bone marrow. This is most commonly caused as a toxic side effect on the bone marrow of various drugs such as the sulphonamides, the thiouracil derivatives, PENICILLIN, CHLORPROMAZINE, CHLORPROPAMIDE, PHENINDIONE,AMIDOPYRINE and CHLOROTHIAZIDE. Because of the deficiency or absence of protective white cells, there is severe sore throat, fever, TOXAEMIA and sometimes SEPTICAEMIA. The condition may be fatal.

Agranulocytosis

An acute condition marked by severe depression of the bone marrow, which produces white blood cells, and by prostration, chills, swollen neck, and sore throat sometimes with local ulceration. Aalso called agranulocytic angina or granulocytopenia.Mentioned in: Antipsychotic Drugs, Central Nervous System Stimulants

a·gran·u·lo·cy·to·sis

(ā'gran'yŭ-lō-sī-tō'sis) An acute potentially lethal condition characterized by pronounced leukopenia with great reduction in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; infected ulcers are likely to develop in the throat, intestinal tract, and other mucous membranes, as well as in the skin; increases patients' risk of infection.

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Synonyms for agranulocytosis

noun an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes

Synonyms

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