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单词 ethnic group
释义

ethnic group


ethnic group

A group of people who share a common race, religion, language, or other characteristic.
Thesaurus
Noun1.ethnic group - people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive cultureethnic group - people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive cultureethnosgroup, grouping - any number of entities (members) considered as a unitethnic minority - a group that has different national or cultural traditions from the majority of the populationAzeri - an ethnic group living in AzerbaijanBengali - an ethnic group speaking Bengali and living in Bangladesh and eastern IndiaFlemish - an ethnic group speaking Flemish and living in northern and western BelgiumHebrews, Israelites - the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob); the nation whom God chose to receive his revelation and with whom God chose to make a covenant (Exodus 19)Mbundu, Ovimbundu - an ethnic group speaking Umbundu and living in western AngolaTadzhik, Tajik - an ethnic group (mostly Moslem) living in Tajikistan and neighboring areas of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and ChinaWalloons - an ethnic group speaking a dialect of French and living in southern and eastern Belgium and neighboring parts of FranceAbo, Aboriginal, Australian Aborigine, native Australian, Aborigine - a dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrivedKurd - a member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own stateIgbo - a member of the largest ethnic group in southeastern Nigeria; "most Igbo are farmers"Nubian - a native or inhabitant of Nubia; "Nubians now form an ethnic minority in Egypt"
Translations
etnia

ethnic group


ethnic group

a group of people sharing an identity which arises from a collective sense of a distinctive history (see also ETHNICITY). Ethnic groups possess their own CULTURE, CUSTOMS, NORMS, beliefs and traditions. There is usually a common LANGUAGE, and boundary maintenance is observed between members and non-members. As well as by birth, ethnic group membership may be acquired through marriage or other socially sanctioned routes.

Whilst socially perceived racial characteristics may be a feature of such groups, ethnic groups are not synonymous with racial groups (see RACE). According to C. Peach et al. (1981), British academic concern with the subject of ethnicity increased as a result of black immigration in the postwar period. Thus, despite the presence of immigrants, refugees and ethnic minorities prior to this period, it was the combination of racial and ethnic distinctiveness which gave rise to both popular and academic interest in the subject. One result of this has been the confusion of the term ‘ethnic minority’ with racial minority, in the UK culture.

The anthropologist, Narroll (1964), stressed the importance of shared cultural values and a group awareness of cultural distinctiveness as key elements in ethnic group membership. Barth (1970) places emphasis on group organization and the maintenance of ethnic boundaries via ETHNIC MARKERS. He suggests that the boundaries between ethnic groups are maintained not through isolation, as Narroll argues, but through social processes of exclusion and incorporation, i.e. ethnic group members identify themselves in terms of ethnic categories and are in turn recognized as members by outsiders. REX (1986), in turn, has criticized Barth for his failure to consider conflict between ethnic groups and for his imprecise use of the term ‘group’. Rex also raises the question, immigrants aside, of the continued saliency of ethnic groupings in complex industrial societies and the utility of the concept as a precise basis of classification.

In societies in turmoil, however, ethnic groupings retain their importance and may be given added salience (or constructed) by political conflict, as in the former Yugoslavia, where the highly charged phrase ‘ethnic cleansing’ has appeared. An important distinction must therefore be drawn between those ethnic groups which consciously seek to assert their ethnicity, and those seen as ethnic minorities by more powerful groups (see also HOLOCAUST, GENOCIDE). In such cases, ethnic characteristics may be exaggerated or created to serve group interests and cohesion as well as to fuel conflict. The reverse side of the coin is when complex symbolic practices may be mobilized not to accentuate boundaries and divisions between groups, but to understate these in order to maximize INTEGRATION or ASSIMILATION. For example, in contemporary Britain, Pakistani Christian refugees may seek to minimize group differences. There are also cases in which ethnic group differences may be formulated in a climate of CULTURAL PLURALISM.

Where ethnicity is the basis for minority status, discriminatory practices against such groups may be legitimated by institutionalized means. As is widely apparent, ethnic minority status often seriously jeopardizes an individual's or group's life chances, particularly in relation to health, housing and employment.

It should also be noted that approaches to social stratification based on economic inequality find it difficult to treat the question of ethnicity adequately. See STATUS CONSISTENCY AND INCONSISTENCY. See also RACISM.

Ethnic Group

 

(Russian, etnicheskaia gruppa), a community of people that have similar languages and cultures. Examples of an ethnic group are the ancient Slavs and the ancient Germans. Typical ethnic groups today are the Celtic peoples, who no longer speak a common language but have preserved their cultural and ethnographic identity; the Paleoasiatic peoples of the northeastern USSR; the Eskimo of the USSR, Canada, the USA, and Greenland; the American Indians; and the Arabs of Asia and Africa. An ethnic group should be distinguished from an ethnographic group, which is a segment of a people.

ethnic group


eth·nic group

(eth'nik grūp), A social group characterized by a distinctive social and cultural tradition maintained from generation to generation, a common history and origin, and a sense of identification with the group; members have distinctive features in their way of life, shared experiences, and often a common genetic heritage; these features may be reflected in their experience of health and disease.

ethnic group

Social medicine A group whose members (1) have a sense of common origins; (2) claim a common and distinctive Hx and destiny; (3) possess one or more dimensions of collective cultural individuality; (4) have a sense of unique collective solidarity. See Cultural awareness, Race.

eth·nic group

(eth'nik grūp) A social group characterized by a distinctive social and cultural tradition maintained from generation to generation, a common history and origin, and a sense of identification with the group.

eth·nic group

(eth'nik grūp) Social group characterized by distinctive social and cultural tradition maintained from generation to generation, common history and origin, and sense of identification with group; may be reflected in experience of health and disease.

ethnic group


  • noun

Synonyms for ethnic group

noun people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture

Synonyms

  • ethnos

Related Words

  • group
  • grouping
  • ethnic minority
  • Azeri
  • Bengali
  • Flemish
  • Hebrews
  • Israelites
  • Mbundu
  • Ovimbundu
  • Tadzhik
  • Tajik
  • Walloons
  • Abo
  • Aboriginal
  • Australian Aborigine
  • native Australian
  • Aborigine
  • Kurd
  • Igbo
  • Nubian
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