doubleness

enUK

dou·ble

D0352200 (dŭb′əl)adj.1. Twice as much in size, strength, number, or amount: a double dose.2. Composed of two like parts: double doors.3. Composed of two unlike parts; dual: a double meaning; a double role for an actor.4. Accommodating or designed for two: a double bed; a double room.5. Characterized by duplicity; deceitful: speak with a double tongue.6. Botany Having many more than the usual number of petals, usually in a crowded or an overlapping arrangement: a double chrysanthemum.n.1. Something increased twofold.2. One that closely resembles another; a duplicate.3. a. Something having two identifiable or prominent parts or members.b. Something capable of carrying, moving, or holding two people or things, as a mattress.4. a. An actor's understudy.b. An actor who takes the place of another actor in scenes requiring special skills or preparations: a stunt double; a body double.5. An apparition; a wraith.6. a. A sharp turn in a direction of movement; a reversal.b. A sharp, often devious change in position or argument; a shift.7. doubles Sports A form of a game, such as tennis or handball, having two players on each side.8. Baseball A hit enabling the batter to reach second base. Also called two-bagger, two-base hit.9. Games a. A bid in bridge indicating strength to one's partner; a request for a bid.b. A bid doubling one's opponent's bid in bridge, thus increasing the penalty for failure to fulfill the contract.c. A hand justifying such a bid.v. dou·bled, dou·bling, dou·bles v.tr.1. To make twice as great.2. To be twice as much as: doubled the score of his opponent.3. To fold in two.4. To clench (one's fist).5. To duplicate; repeat.6. To turn (an enemy spy) into a double agent.7. Baseball a. To cause the scoring of (a run) by hitting a double.b. To advance or score (a runner) by hitting a double.c. To put out (a runner) as the second part of a double play.8. Games To challenge (an opponent's bid) with a double in bridge.9. Music To duplicate (another part or voice) an octave higher or lower or in unison.10. Nautical To sail around: double a cape.v.intr.1. To be increased twofold: The debt soon doubled.2. To turn sharply or all the way around; reverse one's course: had to double back to touch the missed base.3. To serve in an additional capacity: a frying pan that doubles as a pie tin; a conductor who doubles as a pianist.4. To replace an actor in the actor's absence or in a certain scene.5. Baseball To hit a double.6. Games To announce a double in bridge.adv.1. To twice the amount or extent; doubly: paid double for the customized car.2. Two together; in pairs: sleeping double.3. In two: bent double.Phrasal Verb: double up1. To bend suddenly, as in pain or laughter.2. To share accommodations meant for one person.Idiom: on/at the double1. Immediately.2. In double time.

[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin duplus; see dwo- in Indo-European roots.]

dou′ble·ness n.

Doubleness

enUK

Doubleness

in flowers, the expansion of the corolla or corollalike perianth because of an increase in the number of petals. Doubleness is often the result of the transformation into petals of stamens (roses, peonies, ranunculuses, pomegranate) or pistils (Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, some violets, clover, some petunias). More rarely, doubleness results from the splitting of petals (fuchsia) or stamens (some Caryophyllaceae) or the increase in the number of circles in a simple perianth (some tulips and lilies). Double inflorescences are encountered among the Compositae; these result from the conversion of the interior bisexual flowers into ligulate, usually infertile flowers (dahlia, aster, chrysanthemum) or peripheral ligulate flowers into tubular flowers.

Horticulturalists can induce doubleness by hybridization or by changing the conditions of cultivation (for example, abundant feeding promotes doubleness). Doubleness is often accompanied by profound changes in the organs of the flower. For example, in Primula anthers develop on the ovarian wall and on the stigma; in fuchsias and roses ovules arise on stamens. Incomplete doubleness is most often encountered. Complete doubleness, with all the stamens and pistils converted into petals (such flowers do not yield seeds), rarely occurs. Although viable pollen is formed in double flowers whose extra petals have been formed from stamens, it is located in deeply hidden tissues and is destroyed the moment the flower opens. If gathered in time, the pollen is suitable for artificial pollination. Vegetative reproduction is often used in cultivating double flowers.

REFERENCES

Fedorov, Al. A. Teratologiia i formoobrazovanie u rastenii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1958.
Zhukovskii, P. M. Botanika, 4th ed. Moscow, 1964.

L. V. KUDRIASHOV

单词	doubleness
释义	doubleness enUK dou·ble D0352200 (dŭb′əl)adj.1. Twice as much in size, strength, number, or amount: a double dose.2. Composed of two like parts: double doors.3. Composed of two unlike parts; dual: a double meaning; a double role for an actor.4. Accommodating or designed for two: a double bed; a double room.5. Characterized by duplicity; deceitful: speak with a double tongue.6. Botany Having many more than the usual number of petals, usually in a crowded or an overlapping arrangement: a double chrysanthemum.n.1. Something increased twofold.2. One that closely resembles another; a duplicate.3. a. Something having two identifiable or prominent parts or members.b. Something capable of carrying, moving, or holding two people or things, as a mattress.4. a. An actor's understudy.b. An actor who takes the place of another actor in scenes requiring special skills or preparations: a stunt double; a body double.5. An apparition; a wraith.6. a. A sharp turn in a direction of movement; a reversal.b. A sharp, often devious change in position or argument; a shift.7. doubles Sports A form of a game, such as tennis or handball, having two players on each side.8. Baseball A hit enabling the batter to reach second base. Also called two-bagger, two-base hit.9. Games a. A bid in bridge indicating strength to one's partner; a request for a bid.b. A bid doubling one's opponent's bid in bridge, thus increasing the penalty for failure to fulfill the contract.c. A hand justifying such a bid.v. dou·bled, dou·bling, dou·bles v.tr.1. To make twice as great.2. To be twice as much as: doubled the score of his opponent.3. To fold in two.4. To clench (one's fist).5. To duplicate; repeat.6. To turn (an enemy spy) into a double agent.7. Baseball a. To cause the scoring of (a run) by hitting a double.b. To advance or score (a runner) by hitting a double.c. To put out (a runner) as the second part of a double play.8. Games To challenge (an opponent's bid) with a double in bridge.9. Music To duplicate (another part or voice) an octave higher or lower or in unison.10. Nautical To sail around: double a cape.v.intr.1. To be increased twofold: The debt soon doubled.2. To turn sharply or all the way around; reverse one's course: had to double back to touch the missed base.3. To serve in an additional capacity: a frying pan that doubles as a pie tin; a conductor who doubles as a pianist.4. To replace an actor in the actor's absence or in a certain scene.5. Baseball To hit a double.6. Games To announce a double in bridge.adv.1. To twice the amount or extent; doubly: paid double for the customized car.2. Two together; in pairs: sleeping double.3. In two: bent double.Phrasal Verb: *double up1. To bend suddenly, as in pain or laughter.2. To share accommodations meant for one person.Idiom: on/at the double1. Immediately.2. In double time. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin duplus; see dwo- in Indo-European roots.] dou′ble·ness* n. IdiomsSeedouble Doubleness enUK Doubleness in flowers, the expansion of the corolla or corollalike perianth because of an increase in the number of petals. Doubleness is often the result of the transformation into petals of stamens (roses, peonies, ranunculuses, pomegranate) or pistils (Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, some violets, clover, some petunias). More rarely, doubleness results from the splitting of petals (fuchsia) or stamens (some Caryophyllaceae) or the increase in the number of circles in a simple perianth (some tulips and lilies). Double inflorescences are encountered among the Compositae; these result from the conversion of the interior bisexual flowers into ligulate, usually infertile flowers (dahlia, aster, chrysanthemum) or peripheral ligulate flowers into tubular flowers. Horticulturalists can induce doubleness by hybridization or by changing the conditions of cultivation (for example, abundant feeding promotes doubleness). Doubleness is often accompanied by profound changes in the organs of the flower. For example, in Primula anthers develop on the ovarian wall and on the stigma; in fuchsias and roses ovules arise on stamens. Incomplete doubleness is most often encountered. Complete doubleness, with all the stamens and pistils converted into petals (such flowers do not yield seeds), rarely occurs. Although viable pollen is formed in double flowers whose extra petals have been formed from stamens, it is located in deeply hidden tissues and is destroyed the moment the flower opens. If gathered in time, the pollen is suitable for artificial pollination. Vegetative reproduction is often used in cultivating double flowers. REFERENCES Fedorov, Al. A. Teratologiia i formoobrazovanie u rastenii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1958. Zhukovskii, P. M. Botanika, 4th ed. Moscow, 1964. L. V. KUDRIASHOV FinancialSeeDouble
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