| 单词 | coordination | ||||||||||||
| 释义 | coordinationco·or·di·na·tionC0625500 (kō-ôr′dn-ā′shən)coordination(kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən) orco-ordinationco•or•di•na•tionor co-or•di•na•tion(koʊˌɔr dnˈeɪ ʃən)n.
Coordinationcoordination[kō‚ȯrd·ən′ā·shən]Coordination(1) The relative development of organs and parts of the body in phylogeny. The term was proposed by A. N. Severtsov. The German zoologist L. Plate called the phenomenon phyletic correlation. I. I. ShmaPgauzen regarded coordination as a regular function of changes in parts (organs) in the course of evolution. One may differentiate topographical coordination, which is expressed in stable relations between organs, although there are no immediate functional connections between them (for example, coordination between reduction of the end digits and progressive development of the middle digits in the phylogenetic series of ungulates); dynamic, or constructive, coordination, which is determined by the constancy of functional relationships between various organs (for example, between sense organs and the corresponding nerve centers, or between flight muscles and the sternal keel in birds, etc.); and biological coordination, or coadaptation, to which belong the majority of correlations established by G. Cuvier. (2) In physiology, the concordance of the activities of various organs and systems in the body, which is conditioned by a combination of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. For example, when the extremities are flexed, excitation of the nerve cells that send impulses to the flexor muscles produces simultaneous inhibition of the cells connected to the extensor muscles; the relaxation of the extensors that accompanies this facilitates flexion of the extremities. A. A. MAKHOTIN Coordinationin linguistics, a syntactic bond between grammatically independent parts of a sentence or between constructions, including sentences. Coordination is opposed to subordination and is expressed by special conjunctions, the number of which is finite. The coordinating bond is classified according to meaning as a copulative bond (the conjunction i [“and”]), an adversative bond (a [“and,” “but”], no [“but”]), a gradational bond (ne tol’ko . . . no i [“not only ... but also”]), or a disjunctive bond (Hi [“or”]). In a simple sentence, coordination is obligatorily combined with the category of homogeneity: the elements that are joined are in the same relation to some other part of the sentence, as in Prishli otets i mat’ (“Mother and father came”), Uchitel’ strog, no spravedliv (“The teacher is strict but fair”), V zale ne tol’ko vzroslye, no i deli (“There are not only adults in the hall, but also children”), and Vstretimsia segodnia Hi zavtra (“We’ll meet today or tomorrow”). Coordination here occupies a peripheral position and serves to expand the sentence and increase within it the number of syntactic constructions of the same type. In a complex sentence, coordination is not an accompanying category but rather an independent syntactic category that differs from subordination both according to position within the system and according to internal content. Unlike subordinating relations, however, coordinating relations are here less differentiated and more syncretic, more like asyndeton-type relations. It is advisable to differentiate coordination from enumeration, which does not create semantic relations between the members of a series but only indicates sequence (simultaneity, alternation, and so forth). I. N. KRUCHININA coordinationcoordinationcoordination[ko-or″dĭ-na´shun]co·or·di·na·tion(kō-ōr'di-nā'shun),coordination(kō-ôr′dn-ā′shən)coordinationA term referring to the central goal of a patient’s care journey in the UK, from the time the patient enters the system until he/she leaves, after the identified issue has been managed and follow-up visits are arranged.Best practice principles for care coordination The care coordinator should: • Be the main point of contact when working with the individual and his/her carer(s); • Serve as a source of information and advice for the individual and his/her carer(s); • Obtain advocacy services as appropriate; • Encourage the individual’s participation, and promote a realistic level of supported self care/self management; • Coordinate the health and social care team to identify and meet the needs of the individual and his/her carer(s). coordinationNeurology The harmonious functioning of the motor apparatus of the brain and particular groups of muscles for performing adaptive responses. See Hand-eye coordination.co·or·di·na·tion(kō-ōrdi-nāshŭn)co·or·di·na·tion(kō-ōrdi-nāshŭn)coordinationcoordinationthe process of combining together the work of ORGANIZATION members and departments to achieve the desired end-product or goals of the organization. Coordination is necessary at two levels:
Coordination of a complex range of activities is fraught with problems, and it is a central issue in the design and running of organizations. Some organizations seek to achieve coordination by formulating a range of rules and procedures to guide and govern the work of employees and departments. Others prefer to rely on the skills, knowledge and commitment of their employees to interpret what forms of coordination are necessary (see MECHANISTIC AND ORGANISMIC, CULTURE). Most organizations adopt a combination of the two. In all organizations, however, the need for coordination is embodied in the formal structure. Some adopt a FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE, some a PRODUCT-BASED STRUCTURE, whilst others adopt a MATRIX STRUCTURE explicitly to tackle problems of coordination. coordinationthe process whereby the specialized (see SPECIALIZATION) activities of different participants in an economy are synchronized. Coordination of TRANSACTIONS may take place through MARKETS or within ORGANIZATIONS. Within organizations, coordination is necessary to try to ensure that decisions within subunits of the organization are consistent with each other and with the objectives of the organization as a whole. See INTERNAL MARKETS.coordination
Antonyms for coordination
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coordination - the skillful and effective interaction of movements