Avian Staphylococcosis

(also avian micrococcosis), an infectious disease caused by staphylococci that affects all bird species. Cases of avian staphylococcosis have been reported in many countries. The causative agents are diseased birds. The disease is generally transmitted in feed, litter, and water; it may also be transmitted transovarially, that is, by way of the egg.

Acute avian staphylococcosis in chickens is marked by diarrhea, depression, and inflammation of the joints; the birds die in two to six days. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by lameness, anorexia, severe thirst, and cessation of egg laying; affected birds die in ten to 14 days. Dermatitis may develop in chicks. Turkeys afflicted with staphylococcosis suffer from septicemia and inflammation of the joints and tendons; sick geese and ducks experience osteitis, tendovaginitis, and paralysis of the legs.

Diagnosis is based on bacteriological tests. The disease is treated with antibiotics. Preventive and control measures include observing sanitary regulations during incubation and obtaining eggs and one-day-old birds that have been produced under sanitary conditions. Diseased birds and birds suspected of having the disease should be slaughtered, and disinfection of the poultry farm is recommended.