chain

chainleft to right: figaro, sash, and stud links

chain

C0224800 (chān)n.1. a. A connected, flexible series of links, typically of metal, used especially for holding objects together, for restraining, or for transmitting mechanical power.b. Such a set of links, often of precious metal and with pendants attached, worn as an ornament or symbol of office.c. often chains Football Such a set of links measuring ten yards and attached to a pole at each end, moved up and down the field to indicate necessary yardage for gaining a first down.2. A restraining or confining agent or force.3. chainsa. Bonds, fetters, or shackles.b. Captivity or oppression; bondage: threw off the chains of slavery.4. A series of closely linked or connected things: a chain of coincidences. See Synonyms at series.5. A number of establishments, such as stores, theaters, or hotels, under common ownership or management.6. A range of mountains.7. Chemistry A series of chemically bonded atoms, especially carbon atoms, which may be arranged in an open, branched, or cyclic structure.8. a. An instrument used in surveying, consisting of 100 linked pieces of iron or steel and measuring 66 feet (20.1 meters). Also called Gunter's chain.b. A similar instrument used in engineering, measuring 100 feet (30.5 meters).c. Abbr. ch A unit of measurement equal to the length of either of these instruments.tr.v. chained, chain·ing, chains 1. To bind or make fast with a chain or chains: chained the dog to a tree.2. To restrain or confine as if with chains: workers who were chained to a life of dull routine.Idiom: pull/yank (someone's) chain To take unfair advantage of someone; deceive or manipulate someone.

[Middle English chaine, from Old French, from Latin catēna.]

chain

(tʃeɪn) n1. a flexible length of metal links, used for confining, connecting, pulling, etc, or in jewellery2. (usually plural) anything that confines, fetters, or restrains: the chains of poverty. 3. (Automotive Engineering) (usually plural) Also called: snow chains a set of metal links that fit over the tyre of a motor vehicle to increase traction and reduce skidding on an icy surface4. (Commerce) a. a number of establishments such as hotels, shops, etc, having the same owner or managementb. (as modifier): a chain store. 5. a series of related or connected facts, events, etc6. (Commerce) a series of deals in which each depends on a purchaser selling before being able to buy7. (Logic) (of reasoning) a sequence of arguments each of which takes the conclusion of the preceding as a premise. See (as an example) sorites8. (Units) Also called: Gunter's chain a unit of length equal to 22 yards9. (Units) Also called: engineer's chain a unit of length equal to 100 feet10. (Chemistry) chem two or more atoms or groups bonded together so that the configuration of the resulting molecule, ion, or radical resembles a chain. See also open chain, ring¹¹⁸11. (Physical Geography) geography a series of natural features, esp approximately parallel mountain ranges12. off the chain informal Austral and NZ free from responsibility13. jerk someone's chain yank someone's chain informal to tease, mislead, or harass someonevb14. (Surveying) surveying to measure with a chain or tape15. (often foll by: up) to confine, tie, or make fast with or as if with a chain16. (Knitting & Sewing) to sew using chain stitch[C13: from Old French chaine, ultimately from Latin; see catena]

Chain

(tʃeɪn) n (Biography) Sir Ernst Boris. 1906–79, British biochemist, born in Germany: purified and adapted penicillin for clinical use; with Fleming and Florey shared the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1945

chain

(tʃeɪn)

n. 1. a series of metal rings passing through one another, used either for hauling, supporting, or confining, or as decoration. 2. chains, a. shackles or fetters. b. bondage; servitude: to live one's life in chains. 3. a series of things connected or following in succession: a chain of events. 4. a range of mountains. 5. a number of establishments under one ownership or management. 6. two or more atoms of the same element, usu. carbon, attached as in a chain. Compare ring ¹ (def. 14). 7. a. a distance-measuring device used by surveyors, consisting of a chain of 100 links of equal length. b. a unit of length equal to 100 feet (30 m) or 66 feet (20 m). Abbr.: ch v.t. 8. to fasten or secure with a chain. 9. to confine or restrain: His work chained him to his desk. 10. to chain-stitch. v.i. 11. to form or make a chain. [1250–1300; Middle English chayne < Old French chaeine < Latin catēna fetter; see catena]

Chain

(tʃeɪn)

n. Sir Ernst Boris, 1906–79, English biochemist, born in Germany: Nobel prize 1945.

chain

See: net, chain, cell system.

Chain

a series of things linked together into a chain, actually or figuratively. See also catena, cordon, series.Examples: chain of buckets; of causes, 1829; of charity, 1377; of deductions, 1664; of discourse, 1651; of events; of human beings; of ideas; of islands; of lakes; of mountains; of proof; of reasoning, 1809; of shops or supermarkets; of spangles, 1841; of storms; of succession, 1655; of thought, 1711.

chain

Past participle: chained
Gerund: chaining

Imperative
chain
chain

Present
I chain
you chain
he/she/it chains
we chain
you chain
they chain

Preterite
I chained
you chained
he/she/it chained
we chained
you chained
they chained

Present Continuous
I am chaining
you are chaining
he/she/it is chaining
we are chaining
you are chaining
they are chaining

Present Perfect
I have chained
you have chained
he/she/it has chained
we have chained
you have chained
they have chained

Past Continuous
I was chaining
you were chaining
he/she/it was chaining
we were chaining
you were chaining
they were chaining

Past Perfect
I had chained
you had chained
he/she/it had chained
we had chained
you had chained
they had chained

Future
I will chain
you will chain
he/she/it will chain
we will chain
you will chain
they will chain

Future Perfect
I will have chained
you will have chained
he/she/it will have chained
we will have chained
you will have chained
they will have chained

Future Continuous
I will be chaining
you will be chaining
he/she/it will be chaining
we will be chaining
you will be chaining
they will be chaining

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been chaining
you have been chaining
he/she/it has been chaining
we have been chaining
you have been chaining
they have been chaining

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been chaining
you will have been chaining
he/she/it will have been chaining
we will have been chaining
you will have been chaining
they will have been chaining

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been chaining
you had been chaining
he/she/it had been chaining
we had been chaining
you had been chaining
they had been chaining

Conditional
I would chain
you would chain
he/she/it would chain
we would chain
you would chain
they would chain

Past Conditional
I would have chained
you would have chained
he/she/it would have chained
we would have chained
you would have chained
they would have chained

chain

A measure of length equal to 22 yd. Also known as Gunter’s chain.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	chain - a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances"concatenationcatena - a chain of connected ideas or passages or objects so arranged that each member is closely related to the preceding and following members (especially a series of patristic comments elucidating Christian dogma)daisy chain - (figurative) a series of associated things or people or experiencesseries - similar things placed in order or happening one after another; "they were investigating a series of bank robberies"
	2.	chain - (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule)chemical chainchemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactionsclosed chain, ring - (chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed looplong chain, long-chain molecule - (chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a moleculeopen chain - a chain of atoms in a molecule whose ends are not joined to form a ringbuilding block, unit - a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; "units of nucleic acids"molecule - (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
	3.	chain - a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligamentanchor chain, anchor rope - the chain or rope that attaches an anchor to a vesselbicycle, bike, cycle, wheel - a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedalsbicycle chain - a chain that transmits the power from the pedals to the rear wheel of a bicyclechain printer - an impact printer that carries the type slugs by links of a revolving chainchain tongs - a pipe wrench used for turning large pipes; an adjustable chain circles the pipe with its ends connected to the head whose teeth engage the pipechatelaine - a chain formerly worn at the waist by women; for carrying a purse or bunch of keys etc.watch chain, watch guard, fob - short chain or ribbon attaching a pocket watch to a man's vestligament - any connection or unifying bondpaper chain - a chain made of loops of colored paper; used to decorate a roompull chain - a chain (usually with a handle at the end) that is pulled in order to operate some mechanism (e.g. to flush a toilet)snow chain, tire chain - chain attached to wheels to increase traction on ice or snow
	4.	chain - (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownershipbusiness enterprise, commercial enterprise, business - the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; "computers are now widely used in business"chain store - one of a chain of retail stores under the same management and selling the same merchandisebusiness, business concern, business organisation, business organization, concern - a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business"; "a racially integrated business concern"apparel chain - a chain of clothing storesdiscount chain - a chain of discount storesrestaurant chain - a chain of restaurantsretail chain - a chain of retail stores
	5.	chain - anything that acts as a restraintconstraint, restraint - a device that retards something's motion; "the car did not have proper restraints fitted"
	6.	chain - a unit of lengthlinear measure, linear unit - a unit of measurement of lengthyard, pace - a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a strideGunter's chain - a unit of length (22 yards)engineer's chain - a unit of length (100 ft)link - a unit of length equal to 1/100 of a chainnautical chain - a nautical unit of length (15 ft)
	7.	Chain - British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
	8.	chain - a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"chain of mountains, mountain chain, mountain range, range of mountains, rangegeological formation, formation - (geology) the geological features of the earthmassif - a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain rangemountain pass, notch, pass - the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow"
	9.	chain - a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"necklace - jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women)
	10.	chain - a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls";strand, stringnecklace - jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women)
Verb	1.	chain - connect or arrange into a chain by linkingarrange, set up - put into a proper or systematic order; "arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order"concatenate - combine two strings to form a single one
	2.	chain - fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"fasten, fix, secure - cause to be firmly attached; "fasten the lock onto the door"; "she fixed her gaze on the man"unchain - remove the chains from

chain

noun1. tether, coupling, link, bond, shackle, fetter, manacle The dogs were growling and pulling at their chains.2. group, multiple A new chain of shops is to be opened next year.3. series, set, train, string, sequence, succession, progression, concatenation a horrific chain of eventsverb1. bind, confine, restrain, handcuff, shackle, tether, fetter, manacle We were kept in a cell, chained to the wall.

chain

noun1. Something that physically confines the legs or arms.Used in plural:bond, fetter, handcuff (often used in plural), hobble, iron (used in plural), manacle, restraint, shackle.Archaic: gyve.2. A number of things placed or occurring one after the other:consecution, course, order, procession, progression, round, run, sequence, series, string, succession, suite, train.Informal: streak.verbTo restrict the activity or free movement of:fetter, hamper, hamstring, handcuff, hobble, leash, manacle, shackle, tie, trammel.Informal: hog-tie.

Translations

一系列一连串用链条栓住链链条

chain

(tʃein) noun1. a series of (especially metal) links or rings passing through one another. The dog was fastened by a chain; She wore a silver chain round her neck.链条2. a series. a chain of events. 一连串，一系列 verb to fasten or bind with chains. The prisoner was chained to the wall.用链条栓住chain mail armour made of iron links. 锁子甲chain store one of a series of shops (often department stores) under the same ownership. 连锁商店

chain

→ 链zhCN

chain

chain,

flexible series of connected links used in various ways, especially for the transmission of motive power, for hoisting (see pulleypulley,
simple machine consisting of a wheel over which a rope, belt, chain, or cable runs.

A grooved pulley wheel like that used for ropes is called a sheave. A single sheave mounted in a block and fixed in place simply changes the direction of force exerted on the rope
..... Click the link for more information. ), and for securing or fastening. Commonly, mechanical energy from a motor or other source applied to a sprocket wheel is conveyed by means of an endless chain to another sprocket wheel for driving a mechanism. Examples of such an arrangement are found in bicycles, motorcycles, and conveyor belts. The chain in this application is so designed that each consecutive link fits over a sprocket, the distance between links being called the pitch. The relative speed of the wheels varies according to their relative circumferences and, thus, the number of sprockets on each. There are several types of chain for the transmission of power. A detachable-link chain has links that are simple rectangles, each with a connecting hook at one end by which it is attached to the next link. A pintle chain has links that are approximately U-shaped. The closed end of each link fits into the open end of the next one; a pin holds the two links together. A block chain consists of metal blocks that are joined together by side plates and pins to form links. A roller chain has links consisting of side plates with hollow cylindrical rollers between them. Pins pass through the rollers and side plates to hold the links together. A silent, or inverted-tooth, chain has links made of toothed metal plates. A number of these links are placed side by side to form a group. Each group is joined to another one by meshing the ends of the links of both groups and inserting a pin there. By repeating the process a chain can be formed. Its width can be varied by varying the number of links in a group. Although not completely silent, this type of chain is quieter than other power transmission chains. The coil chains used in hoists and for locking or fastening purposes are of the open-link type, comprising solid interlocked rings, or of the stud-link type, in which a stud, or bar, across the link keeps the chain from kinking.

Chain

in mathematics, a fundamental concept of combinatorial topology. A chain is a generalization, to the case of n dimensions, of the concept of an oriented polygonal line.

Chain

a series of identical segments (links) joined together and movable relative to one another. It is known that chains were used for several millennia before the Common Era; for example, chains were used in simple mechanisms in the third century B.C. in Greece. In the first century B.C. the Roman architect Vitruvius described a water pump that used buckets attached to an endless pintle chain. Leonardo da Vinci left drawings of chains with link plates of approximately the same shape as those of modern chains. I. I. Polzunov developed a pintle chain for driving machines that was similar to the chain patented 65 years later (in 1829) by the French engraver A. Galle.

The chains used in technology may be classified according to their purpose in the following categories: drive chains (in drives for machines, used to transmit motion from a drive shaft to one or more driven shafts), hauling chains (in conveyors, elevators, escalators, paternosters, and similar machines in which the working members that directly move loads and people are attached to the chains), hoisting chains (in load-lifting machines and water-engineering works, used to suspend, raise, and lower loads), anchor chains (on ships, used to tie an anchor to the ship), chains used to bind groups of logs into rafts, antiskid chains (used to increase the grip of motor vehicle wheels on icy roads and in similar slippery conditions), saw chains (for motor-driven saws used in the lumber industry), and holing and cutting chains (used in machines for extracting and processing minerals and for digging trenches).

Chains are also classified according to the method used in fabricating the links. The categories include ordinary round-link chains with circular cross sections, which may be welded or cast; pintle chains with link plates connected by pins or bushings; open-hook chains having forged or cast links with hooks at one end; detachable chains with hot-forged or cold-forged links; and block chains with links in the form of thick bars.

Round-link chains are used for hauling, lifting, attaching anchors, and tying logs and as antiskid chains. Pintle chains are the most common type. Those used in hoists that operate only occasionally and for short periods at velocities up to 0.25 m per second and in slow-moving conveyors for removing manure or distributing feed are made with simple articulated chains with twin-plate or multiplate links. In order to reduce unit loads on the joints and joint wear, pintle chains used for driving and hauling are equipped with bushings. Rollers may be fitted over the bushings to reduce wear on the bushings and sprocket teeth. Such single-and multistrand roller chains represent the most developed designs and have been used extensively. For handling large dynamic loads that are applied in high-frequency cycles, as in the case of excavator mechanisms, the drive chains used have offset sidebars that reduce the dynamic load on the mechanisms and on the elements of the chain itself. In order to improve engagement with the sprockets, reduce noise, and increase reliability, inverted-tooth silent chains with multiplate links are supplied for high-power, high-speed drives. With the advent of precision, multistrand roller chains that are simpler and cheaper to fabricate, the use of inverted-tooth silent chains has declined and is now limited primarily to older types of machines.

In the 1970’s open-link twin-pin chains came to be used (together with round-link chains and detachable chains with open links) for operations in powdery, corrosive, and chemically-active media that cause a loss of mobility in the joints of roller chains and pintle chains equipped with bushings. The new design also differs from roller chains in having joint parts with better impact and fatigue resistance, in requiring less labor to produce, and in being lighter and cheaper. Open-hook and block chains are used for both driving and hauling. Detachable chains are widely used for hauling.

The ends of chains are connected by special links. In order to reduce wear on the joint parts or, in the case of round-link chains, on the chain as a whole, chains may be subjected to heat treatment or chemical case hardening; they may also be lubricated while in operation.

The primary geometric parameters of chains are the pitch (average length) and, for round-link chains, the gauge (cross-sectional diameter of the links). In order to achieve compact drives and mechanisms, the pitches of driving and hoisting chains are kept to a minimum (4–300 mm); hauling chains, which are very long, are designed with a large pitch (up to 1,400 mm), which permits substantial reductions in weight and cost.

The principal types of chains produced in the USSR are standardized, and their production is specialized.

REFERENCES

Vorob’ev, N. V. Tsepnye peredachi, 4th ed. Moscow, 1968.
Reshetov, D. N. Detail mashin, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1974.

I. I. IVASHKOV and A. A. PARKHOMENKO

chain

[chān] (chemistry) A structure in which similar atoms are linked by bonds. (civil engineering) engineer's chain Gunter's chain (communications) A network of radio, television, radar, navigation, or other similar stations connected by special telephone lines, coaxial cables, or radio relay links so all can operate as a group for broadcast purposes, communication purposes, or determination of position. (computer science) A series of data or other items linked together in some way. A sequence of binary digits used to construct a code. (design engineering) A flexible series of metal links or rings fitted into one another; used for supporting, restraining, dragging, or lifting objects or transmitting power. A mesh of rods or plates connected together, used to convey objects or transmit power. (geology) A series of interconnected or related natural features, such as lakes, islands, or seamounts, arranged in a longitudinal sequence. (mathematics) linearly ordered set

chain

A land surveyor’s standard distance-measuring device. Also see Gunter’s chain.

chain

1. a set of metal links that fit over the tyre of a motor vehicle to increase traction and reduce skidding on an icy surface 2. a. a number of establishments such as hotels, shops, etc., having the same owner or management b. (as modifier): a chain store 3. a series of deals in which each depends on a purchaser selling before being able to buy 4. Logic (of reasoning) a sequence of arguments each of which takes the conclusion of the preceding as a premise 5. a unit of length equal to 22 yards 6. a unit of length equal to 100 feet 7. Chem two or more atoms or groups bonded together so that the configuration of the resulting molecule, ion, or radical resembles a chain 8. Geography a series of natural features, esp approximately parallel mountain ranges

Chain

Sir Ernst Boris. 1906--79, British biochemist, born in Germany: purified and adapted penicillin for clinical use; with Fleming and Florey shared the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1945

chain

(operating system)(From BASIC's "CHAIN" statement) Topass control to a child or successor without going through theoperating system command interpreter that invoked you.The state of the parent program is lost and there is noreturning to it. Though this facility used to be common onmemory-limited microcomputers and is still widely supportedfor backward compatibility, the jargon usage issemi-obsolescent; in particular, Unix calls this exec.

Compare with the more modern "subshell".

chain

(programming)A series of linked data areas within anoperating system or application program. "Chain rattling"is the process of repeatedly running through the linked dataareas searching for one which is of interest. The implicationis that there are many links in the chain.

chain

(theory)A possibly infinite, non-decreasing sequence ofelements of some total ordering, S

x0 <= x1 <= x2 ...

A chain satisfies:

for all x,y in S, x <= y \\/ y <= x.

I.e. any two elements of a chain are related.

("<=" is written in LaTeX as \\sqsubseteq).

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REFERENCES

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Synonyms for chain

noun tether

Synonyms

noun group

Synonyms

noun series

Synonyms

verb bind

Synonyms

Synonyms for chain

noun something that physically confines the legs or arms

Synonyms

noun a number of things placed or occurring one after the other

Synonyms

verb to restrict the activity or free movement of

Synonyms

Synonyms for chain

noun a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

Synonyms

Related Words

noun (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule)

Synonyms

Related Words

noun a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament

Related Words

noun (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership

Related Words

noun anything that acts as a restraint

Related Words

noun a unit of length

Related Words

noun British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979)

Synonyms

noun a series of hills or mountains

Synonyms

Related Words

noun a linked or connected series of objects

Related Words

noun a necklace made by a stringing objects together

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Related Words