Estrous Cycle

estrous cycle

[′es·trəs ‚sī·kəl] (physiology) The physiological changes that take place between periods of estrus in the female mammal.

Estrous Cycle

the aggregate of regularly-recurring changes in the reproductive system of female mammals. Characteristic synchronous changes in the entire female body and especially in the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina are governed by the rhythmic processes occurring in the ovaries (the development of the follicles, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum). Each phase of the estrous cycle corresponds to certain changes in the mucous membrane of the vagina and in the cellular composition of the vagina.

The estrous cycle lasts 4–5 days in rats and mice, 16–17 days in guinea pigs, 21 days in cows, and 19–23 days in horses. The estrous cycle in rodents is conventionally divided into four stages—diestrus (the quiescent period), proestrus (preparation for estrus), estrus (heat), and metestrus (the luteal phase following estrus). During diestrus, which accounts for approximately one-half of the length of the entire estrous cycle, a smear shows a predominance of mucus and leukocytes. During proestrus, which lasts approximately 12 hours, the smear consists almost entirely of epithelial cells sloughed from the vaginal wall. During estrus, which lasts approximately 27 hours, the smear contains only squamous epithelial cells (anuclear, cornified cells). Animals normally mate only at the beginning of estrus. Metestrus lasts approximately six hours; during this stage the smear shows some leukocytes among the mass of squamous cells. Primates have a menstrual cycle.

The estrous cycle is observed only in animals with normally functioning ovaries. After neutering, diestrus sets in, and the other stages of the estrous cycle do not occur.

REFERENCE

Eskin, I. A. Osnovy fiziologii endokrinnykh zhelez, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1975.

V. M. SAMSONOVA

estrous cycle

cycle

[si´k'l] a succession or recurring series of events.cardiac cycle a complete cardiac movement, or heart beat, including systole, diastole, and the intervening pause.

Cardiac cycle. From Applegate, 2000.cell cycle the cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G₂ phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G₁ phase of interphase, which lasts until the S phase of the next cycle.citric acid cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.estrous cycle the recurring periods of estrus in adult females of most mammalian species and the correlated changes in the reproductive tract from one period to another.hair cycle the successive phases of the production and then loss of hair, consisting of anagen, catagen, and telogen.Krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.menstrual cycle see menstrual cycle.ovarian cycle the sequence of physiologic changes in the ovary involved in ovulation; see also ovulation and reproduction.reproductive cycle the cycle of physiologic changes in the reproductive organs, from the time of fertilization of the ovum through gestation and childbirth; see also reproduction.sex cycle (sexual cycle) 1. the physiologic changes that recur regularly in the reproductive organs of nonpregnant female mammals.2. the period of sexual reproduction in an organism that also reproduces asexually.TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.tricarboxylic acid cycle the cyclic metabolic mechanism by which the complete oxidation of the acetyl portion of acetyl-coenzyme A is effected; the process is the chief source of mammalian energy, during which carbon chains of sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized to yield carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy phosphate bonds. Called also citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, and TCA cycle.

Central pathways of metabolism: How the body produces energy from the energy-containing nutrients using the tricarboxylic acid cycle. From Davis and Sherer, 1994.urea cycle a cyclic series of reactions that produce urea" >urea; it is a major route for removal of the ammonia produced in the metabolism of amino acids in the liver and kidney.

es·trous cy·cle

the series of physiologic uterine, ovarian, and other changes that occur in higher animals, consisting of proestrus, estrus, postestrus, and anestrus or diestrus.

estrous cycle

n. The recurrent set of physiological and behavioral changes that take place from one period of estrus to another.

es·trous cy·cle

(es'trŭs sī'kĕl) The series of cyclic uterine, ovarian, and other changes that occur in higher animals.
Synonym(s): oestrous cycle.

oestrous cycle

estrous cycle

a reproductive cycle caused by the cyclic production of gonadotrophic hormones by the PITUITARY GLAND. It occurs in adult female mammals and is only complete when pregnancy does not occur. It lasts from 5 to 60 days, dependent on species.

Initially, follicle growth occurs in the ovary as a result of FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE being secreted by the anterior pituitary This results in increased OESTROGEN production and a thickening of the uterus lining. The build-up of oestrogen results in positive feed-back, causing the anterior pituitary to produce LUTEINIZING HORMONE which in turn brings about ovulation with the formation of a CORPUS LUTEUM, development of the uterine glands, secretion of PROGESTERONE by the corpus luteum (which inhibits FSH production) and a consequent decrease in oestrogen production. Fertilization may occur at this stage and if it does so, pregnancy results. If not, there is a regression of the corpus luteum and a feedback to the anterior pituitary to produce FSH as progesterone decreases. New follicles are formed, the lining of the uterus thins, menstruation (see MENSTRUAL CYCLE occurs in human females and some other primates, and there is a cessation of progesterone secretion and a continued decrease of oestrogen. The cycle then begins again as new follicles grow. Only during the initial period of the cycle, during which ovulation takes place, will the female of most mammalian species copulate (the period of ‘heat'or oestrus).

单词	estrous cycle
释义	estrous cycle estrous cycle n. The recurrent set of physiological and behavioral changes that take place from one period of estrus to another. es′trous cy`cle n. a series of physiological changes in sexual and other organs in female mammals, extending from one period of heat to the next. [1895–1900] es·trous cycle (ĕs′trəs) The series of bodily changes that occur in the female of most mammals from one period of estrus to another. The estrous cycle usually takes place during a specific period known as the breeding season, which ensures that the young are born at a time when the chance of survival is greatest. The length of the cycle varies from species to species. Estrous Cycle estrous cycle [′es·trəs ‚sī·kəl] (physiology) The physiological changes that take place between periods of estrus in the female mammal. Estrous Cycle the aggregate of regularly-recurring changes in the reproductive system of female mammals. Characteristic synchronous changes in the entire female body and especially in the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina are governed by the rhythmic processes occurring in the ovaries (the development of the follicles, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum). Each phase of the estrous cycle corresponds to certain changes in the mucous membrane of the vagina and in the cellular composition of the vagina. The estrous cycle lasts 4–5 days in rats and mice, 16–17 days in guinea pigs, 21 days in cows, and 19–23 days in horses. The estrous cycle in rodents is conventionally divided into four stages—diestrus (the quiescent period), proestrus (preparation for estrus), estrus (heat), and metestrus (the luteal phase following estrus). During diestrus, which accounts for approximately one-half of the length of the entire estrous cycle, a smear shows a predominance of mucus and leukocytes. During proestrus, which lasts approximately 12 hours, the smear consists almost entirely of epithelial cells sloughed from the vaginal wall. During estrus, which lasts approximately 27 hours, the smear contains only squamous epithelial cells (anuclear, cornified cells). Animals normally mate only at the beginning of estrus. Metestrus lasts approximately six hours; during this stage the smear shows some leukocytes among the mass of squamous cells. Primates have a menstrual cycle. The estrous cycle is observed only in animals with normally functioning ovaries. After neutering, diestrus sets in, and the other stages of the estrous cycle do not occur. REFERENCE Eskin, I. A. Osnovy fiziologii endokrinnykh zhelez, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1975. V. M. SAMSONOVA estrous cycle cycle [si´k'l] a succession or recurring series of events.cardiac cycle a complete cardiac movement, or heart beat, including systole, diastole, and the intervening pause.Cardiac cycle. From Applegate, 2000.cell cycle the cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G₂ phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G₁ phase of interphase, which lasts until the S phase of the next cycle.citric acid cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.estrous cycle the recurring periods of estrus in adult females of most mammalian species and the correlated changes in the reproductive tract from one period to another.hair cycle the successive phases of the production and then loss of hair, consisting of anagen, catagen, and telogen.Krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.menstrual cycle see menstrual cycle.ovarian cycle the sequence of physiologic changes in the ovary involved in ovulation; see also ovulation and reproduction.reproductive cycle the cycle of physiologic changes in the reproductive organs, from the time of fertilization of the ovum through gestation and childbirth; see also reproduction.sex cycle (sexual cycle) 1. the physiologic changes that recur regularly in the reproductive organs of nonpregnant female mammals.2. the period of sexual reproduction in an organism that also reproduces asexually.TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.tricarboxylic acid cycle the cyclic metabolic mechanism by which the complete oxidation of the acetyl portion of acetyl-coenzyme A is effected; the process is the chief source of mammalian energy, during which carbon chains of sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized to yield carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy phosphate bonds. Called also citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, and TCA cycle. Central pathways of metabolism: How the body produces energy from the energy-containing nutrients using the tricarboxylic acid cycle. From Davis and Sherer, 1994.urea cycle a cyclic series of reactions that produce urea" >urea; it is a major route for removal of the ammonia produced in the metabolism of amino acids in the liver and kidney. es·trous cy·cle the series of physiologic uterine, ovarian, and other changes that occur in higher animals, consisting of proestrus, estrus, postestrus, and anestrus or diestrus. estrous cycle n. The recurrent set of physiological and behavioral changes that take place from one period of estrus to another. es·trous cy·cle (es'trŭs sī'kĕl) The series of cyclic uterine, ovarian, and other changes that occur in higher animals. Synonym(s): oestrous cycle. oestrous cycle or estrous cycle a reproductive cycle caused by the cyclic production of gonadotrophic hormones by the PITUITARY GLAND. It occurs in adult female mammals and is only complete when pregnancy does not occur. It lasts from 5 to 60 days, dependent on species. Initially, follicle growth occurs in the ovary as a result of FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE being secreted by the anterior pituitary This results in increased OESTROGEN production and a thickening of the uterus lining. The build-up of oestrogen results in positive feed-back, causing the anterior pituitary to produce LUTEINIZING HORMONE which in turn brings about ovulation with the formation of a CORPUS LUTEUM, development of the uterine glands, secretion of PROGESTERONE by the corpus luteum (which inhibits FSH production) and a consequent decrease in oestrogen production. Fertilization may occur at this stage and if it does so, pregnancy results. If not, there is a regression of the corpus luteum and a feedback to the anterior pituitary to produce FSH as progesterone decreases. New follicles are formed, the lining of the uterus thins, menstruation (see MENSTRUAL CYCLE occurs in human females and some other primates, and there is a cessation of progesterone secretion and a continued decrease of oestrogen. The cycle then begins again as new follicles grow. Only during the initial period of the cycle, during which ovulation takes place, will the female of most mammalian species copulate (the period of ‘heat'or oestrus). FinancialSeeCycleThesaurusSeecycle
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estrous cycle

estrous cycle

es′trous cy`cle

es·trous cycle

Estrous Cycle

estrous cycle

Estrous Cycle

REFERENCE

estrous cycle

cycle

es·trous cy·cle

estrous cycle

es·trous cy·cle

oestrous cycle

estrous cycle